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Division of Toxicological Research
National Institute of Toxicological Research
Wan-Seob Cho, DVM, PhD.
In Vivo and In Vitro Toxicity of AuNPs
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ContentsSynthesis and Stability of Gold Nanoparticles
Three different sizes (4, 13, or 100 nm)Size confirmation by TEM and DLS
Single Dose Toxicity Study with Tail Vein InjectionTissue distribution and pharmacokineticsHistopathology and TUNEL assayAdhesion molecules, chemokines, and cytokines expression
In vitro Toxicity Study of Gold NanoparticlesCytotoxicity and chemotaxis assayCytokines expression
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Synthesis and Stability of Gold Nanoparticles
Background for selection of gold nanoparticles- US-NTP nominated materials (2007)
AuNPAuNP
Delivery(Protein, DNA, RNA)
SurfaceChemistry
(PEG, Gum arabic)
Targeting Detection
PhotothermalTherapy
Fluorescence
Raman scattering
Localized surfaceplasmon resonance
NIR imaging
AgAg
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TEM-(A) 4 nm-(B) 13 nm- (C) 100 nm
DLS-PEG-coated AuNPs
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In Vivo Toxicity Study0 day
Vehicle Control
AuNP 0.17 mg/kg
AuNP 0.85 mg/kg
AuNP 4.26 mg/kg
7 days
Animal : Male BALB/c miceAuNP: PEG coated AuNPs
45
(n)
5 min 30 min 4 hrs 24 hrs
Check Lists1. Histopathology2. TUNEL assay3. Tissue distribution and pharmacokinetics analysis4. Cellular localization by TEM5. Adhesion molecules, chemokines, and cytokines expression in the liver
(9) (9) (9) (9) (9)
45
45
45
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Histopathology
4*13024.26 mg/kg
5*23020.85 mg/kg
32004*0.17 mg/kg
00100Vehicle control
Inflammation
6*00024.26 mg/kg
5*10000.85 mg/kg
200010.17 mg/kg
00000aVehicle control
Apoptotic necrosis
7 days24 hrs4 hrs30 min5 min
Time after injectionGroupsDiagnosis
a, number of animals*, Significantly increased compared with vehicle control group by Chi-square analysis (p<0.05)
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Tissue Distribution and Pharmacokinetics
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Cellular Localization by TEM
24 h 7 days 7 days
Liver Kupper cell
Spleen macrophage
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OXXOXXMCP-1 / CCL-2Chemokine
OXXXOXMIP-1α / CCL-3
OXXXOXMIP-1β / CCL-4
OXOOXXRANTES / CCL-5
XXXXXXMCP-5 / CCL-12
OXXOXXICAM-1Adhesion molecules OXXOXXE-selectin
XXOXXXVCAM-1
XXXXXXVEGF
XXXXXXPECAM-1
Group Gene nameExpression time Dose
dependency5 min 30 min 4 hrs 24 hrs 7 days
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XXXXXXGM-CSF
OXXXOXIL-1βCytokines
OXXXOXIL-6
OXXXOXIL-10
OXXOXXIL-12
OXXOOXTNF-α
XXXXXXIL-8
XXXXXXIFN-γ
Group Gene nameExpression time Dose
dependency5 min 30 min 4 hrs 24 hrs 7 days
ETC iNOS X X X X X X
COX-2 X X X X X X
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In Vitro Toxicity Study
Cell line : Raw 264.7 (mouse macrophage cell line)HL-60 (human macrophage cell line)
MeasurementsCell proliferation (MTS assay)Cytotoxicity (LDH release) Chemotaxis assayCytokine expression assay by realtime PCR and ELISA
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MTS assay LDH assay Chemotaxis assay
4 nm PEG-coated AuNPs caused reductions in cell proliferation after 16 h incubation at 1,000 ug/ml
As particle sizes reduced, cell proliferation was increased4 nm PEG-coated AuNPs at only 1,000 ug/ml produced significant increases in LDH levelsCell migration of PEG-coated AuNPs increased in the order 100 nm > 13 nm > 4 nm
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Conclusions13 nm PEG-coated AuNPs induced acute inflammation, apoptotic necrosis13 nm PEG-coated AuNPs were found to accumulate in liver and spleen for up to 7 days after injection and to have long blood circulation times13 nm PEG-coated AuNPs transiently induced adhesion molecules, chemokines, and inflammatory cytokines in the mouse liver
4 nm AuNPs were cytotoxic at 1,000 ug/ml by MTS and LDH assay
TNF-α is a sensitive marker, and that it could be used to evaluate the toxicities of PEG-coated AuNPs
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Acknowledgements
AuNPs synthesis: BioNanotechnology Research Center,Korea Research Institute of Bioscience and BiotechnologyDr. Bonghyun Chung / Dr. Jinyoung Jeong / Dr. Yong Taik Lim
In vivo and In vitro toxicity study:Division of Toxicologic Pathology,National Institute of Toxicological Research,Korea Food and Drug AdministrationDr. Jayoung Jeong / Dr. Beom Seok Han / Dr. Minjung Cho/ Dr. Wan-Seob Cho
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