IndonesianScience and
Technology IndicatorCountry Report
Presented in:2011 South East Asian Regional Workshop
On Science, Technology, and Innovation IndicatorsHanoi, Vietnam, December 5-8, 2011
Indonesian Institute of Sciences (LIPI)Center for Science and Technology Development Studies
(PAPPIPTEK)
Nani Grace Berliana Simamora
CONTENTS
Collecting R&D Statistics2
R&D Survey in Manufacturing Industrya5
1
Our Future Plans4
Indonesian Science and Technology Indicator1
General Issues in Conducting Surveys3
R&D Survey in Higher Educationb
Indonesian S&T Indicator
Main Indicator(secondary data)
Main IndicatorInsert R&D Survey Data: Government (2005), Manufacturing Industry (1999-2000), Higher Education (2005)
Main IndicatorInsert R&D Survey Data: Government , Manufacturing Industry Higher Education (2006)
Main Indicator + SupplementInsert R&D Survey Data: Government (2006), Manufacturing Industry (2008), Higher Educatio(2007), Biotechnology (2008), Public Perseption of Science and Technology (2008)
Main IndicatorInsert R&D Survey Data: Government, Manufacturing Industri & Higher Education (2010)
MAIN INDICATOR1. Economy and Technology Intensity2. S&T in Government Sector3. S&T in Manufacturing Industry
Sector4. Provisioning Educated Manpower
and S&T Activities in Universities5. Outputs of S&T Activities
INDONESIAN SCIENCE AND TECHNOLOGY INDICATOR
THE UTILIZATION OF INDONESIAN S&T INDICATOR
Public Perseption of Science and Technology
R&D Activities in Manufacturing Industri
R&D activities in Higher Education
S&T ISSUESSECTOR
The Map of R&D Biotechnology
( Innovation in )Manufacturing Industry
National Development
Planning Agency(RPJP, RPJMN)
Ministry of Research and Technology
(Strategic Planning 2009-2014)
The International Agency: Unesco
R&D activities in Government
CONDUCTING THE SURVEY
COLLECTING R&D STATISTICS
Manufacturing Industry Sector
R&D Activities Survey Innovation Survey R&D Activities Survey Innovation Survey
Higher EducationSector
R&D Activities Survey R&D Activities Survey
Government Sector
Government Sector
Business enterprise (exc. manufacturing industry) &Private non profit sector
Business enterprise (exc. manufacturing industry) &Private non profit sector
NO Data base to develop the populationNO Data base to develop the population
OUR GUIDELINES FOR SURVEY AND QUESTIONNAIRE
R&D Survey in Manufacturing
Industry
SCOPE OF THE SURVEY
The enterprise (public and private) with classified into the International Standard Industrial Classification (ISIC)
The enterprise (public and private) with classified into the International Standard Industrial Classification (ISIC)
Medium and large scale manufacturing enterprise (definition by BPS-statistic Indonesia)
Medium scale 20 – 99 workforceLarge scale 100 or more
Medium and large scale manufacturing enterprise (definition by BPS-statistic Indonesia)
Medium scale 20 – 99 workforceLarge scale 100 or more
CENSUS SURVEY
27000
Manufacturing Census by Statistics Indonesia1,228 companies
(return rate 40%)
R&D survey 2006Secondary data from:
•Ministry of Research and Technology•Indonesian Chamber for Commerce and Industries
•Ministry of Trading and Industry
3.013 Companies performing R&D activity
RESPOND RATE BY ISIC
3,013 samples 1,581 firm (Responds Rate 52.5%) perform R&D activity: 375 (12%)
3,013 samples 1,581 firm (Responds Rate 52.5%) perform R&D activity: 375 (12%)
MAIN FINDINGS - EXPENDITURE
Estimation3):
R & D Expenditure in 2009: IDR 800 Billions
Estimation3):
R & D Expenditure in 2009: IDR 800 Billions
1) Intramural expendituresR & D expenditures are used to finance activities R & D performed by the company
2) Extramural expendituresR & D expenditure are used to finance activities R&D performed by others
3) Based on statistical calculation (confidence interval + variance of ISIC)
Source: R&D activities survey in Manufacturing Industry, 2010
MAIN FINDINGS – R&D PERSONNEL
The Majority of R&D personnel in manufacturing industry had diploma degrees.
R&D personnel with natural science and engineering background, mostly worked in the field of production engineering & R&D unit.
Source: R&D activities survey in Manufacturing Industry, 2010
R&D Survey in Higher Education
COVERAGE
Covers:R&D ExpenditureR&D Personnel
Response Rate: 87%
UNIVERSITY COVERAGE
Syah Kuala
Malikussaleh
Medan State
Sumatera Utara
RiauPadang State
Andalas
Jambi
Bengkulu
Sriwijaya
Lampung
SultanAgengTirtayasa
•Indonesia•Jakarta State
Bogor Agricultural•ITB
•Padjadjaran•UPI •Gadjah Mada
•Yogyakarta State
•Diponegoro•Semarang State•Jend Soedirman•Sebelas maret
•10 November•Airlangga
•Surabaya State•Brawijaya
•Jember•Malang state
•Ganesha•Udayana
•Mataram
•Nusa Cendana
Tanjungpura
Palangkaraya
Lambung Mangkurat
Mulawarman
Trunojoyo
•Sam Ratulangi•Manado State
Gorontalo StateTadulako
Haluoleo•Hasanudin•Makasar State
Khairun
Pattimura
Papua State
Cenderawasih
Sources: R&D survey in Higher Education, 2009
In terms of its sources, most R&D expenditures originated from domestic sources which reached 95,75%.
Most of this fund came from Directorate General of Higher Education 65,53%.
Sources: R&D survey in Higher Education, 2009c
MAIN FINDINGS: EXPENDITURE BY SOURCE
The Majority of R&D expenditure was allocated for applied research (56.70%), the remaining were for experimental development (20,40%) and basic research (22,90%)
MAIN FINDINGS: EXPENDITURE BY TYPE
Sources: R&D survey in Higher Education, 2009
Total:42,083 R&D personnel
Total:42,083 R&D personnel
MAIN FINDINGS: R&D PERSONNEL
Sources: R&D survey in Higher Education, 2009
Expenditure for R&D Gross Expenditure on R&D (GERD)
GERD as percentage of GDP
Contributions of Government and Private
Sector of GDP
CONTRIBUTOR:
S&T INDICATOR TEAM, PAPPIPTEK - INDONESIA
GROSS EXPENDITURE ON R&D (GERD)
GERD Rp. 4,720,341,818,344
GDP Rp. 5,613,441,700,000,000
GERD/GDP 0.08%
National GERD and GERD/GDP Ratio, 2009
Source: R&D survey in University sector (2009), Industry sector (2010), and Government sector (2006)
Note:1) Based on R&D Survey in University Sector, 20102) Based on R&D Survey in Industry Sector, 20103) Based on R&D Survey in Government Sector, 2008*
* the estimates with an average growth rate Goverment R&D budget since 2005-2008.
Shows that the breakdowon of R&D expenditure by sector in 2009. Government and Higher Education were the highest R&D expenditure with ratio of GERD 0,04% for Government and 0,03% for Higher Education. Manufacturing industry was a lowest
Human Resources Involved in R&D
R&D Personnel
Researcher by Sector – Headcount
Researcher by Sector – FTE
CONTRIBUTOR:
S&T INDICATOR TEAM, PAPPIPTEK - INDONESIA
R&D PERSONNEL
Source: Estimation from R&D survey in University sector (2009), Industry sector (2008), and Government sector (2006)
RESEARCHERS BY SECTOR - FTE
Sector FTE
Higher Education 0.33
Manufacturing Industry 1.00
Government 0.56
Full-Time-Equivalent measuring assumption:• In Higher Education
based on “Tridharma Perguruan Tinggi” (lecturers have three main duty: Education, Research, and Community Service (FTE=1/3))
• In Manufacturing IndustryIt is assumed that the researchers conducting R&D at all hours of work
• In Govermentbased on survey in government sector
Source: Estimation from R&D survey in University sector (2009), Industry sector (2008), and Government sector (2006)
General Issuesin Conducting
Surveys
PROBLEMS IN CONDUCTING SURVEY
OUR FUTURE PLANS
Thank You
Indonesian Institute of Sciences(LIPI)
Center for Science and Technology Development Studies (PAPPIPTEK)