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ENERGY RESOURCES FORENERGY RESOURCES FOR
SUSTAINABLE DEVELOPMENTSUSTAINABLE DEVELOPMENT
Dr. P. MAHANTA
Centre for Energy
Indian Institute of Technology Guwahati
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"Sustainable development is development that meets the needs of
the present without compromising the ability of future generations
to meet their own needs.The Brundtland
Commission Report, The
United Nations, 1987.
ENVIRONMENTALLY SUSTAINABLE
ECONOMICALLY SUSTAINABLE
SOCIALLY SUSTAINABLE
SUSTAINABILITYSUSTAINABILITY FOR INDUSTRIAL ECONOMYFOR INDUSTRIAL ECONOMY
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THE CONCERNWHY ???THE CONCERNWHY ???
GLOBAL CHANGES
CLIMATE CHANGE
POLLUTION
BIODIVERSITY
HABITAT LOSS
EROSION
DEFORESTATION
RESOURCE DEPLETION
FOOD
WATER (SURFACE &
GROUND)
METALS, MINERALS
FOREST PRODUCTS
ENERGY
FISHERIES POPULATION GROWTH
POVERTY
EDUCATION OF WOMEN
UNDERDEVELOPED AREAS
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SOME RECENT EVENTSSOME RECENT EVENTS
ANTARCTICA GLACIER MELTING FASTER
REDUCING 13500 SQ KM AREA, CNN
THE HIMALAYA LOST ITS HEIGHT BY 0.6 M RECENT FLOOD WAS CATASTOPHIC
Glaciers in the Himalaya are wasting at alarming and
accelerating rates, as indicated by comparisons of satelliteand historic data, and as shown by the widespread, rapid
growth of lakes on the glacier surfaces.-NASA
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Bleaching of coral in great barrier reef
Threat to the lives of the penguines inAntarcticaGlacier retreated by three miles
(five kilometers)
ACID RAIN
GLOBAL WARMING
ALARMING RATE OF POLLUTIONALARMING RATE OF POLLUTION
ASTER
(Advanced Spaceborne
Thermal Emission and
Reflection Radiometer)
instrument aboard
NASAs Terra satelliteshows how the Gangotri
Glacier terminus has
retracted since 1780.
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POWER GENERATION WITH FOSSIL FUELSPOWER GENERATION WITH FOSSIL FUELS
AND ENVIRONMENTAL IMPACTS AREAND ENVIRONMENTAL IMPACTS ARE
CONFLICTINGCONFLICTING
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INDIA USA
POPULATION, MILLIONS 1050 286
TOTAL ENERGY USE, EJ 26 105
COAL CONSUMPTION, EJ 8 25OIL IMPORTS (NET), EJ 3.3 23
ELECTRICITY GENERATION, TWH 580 4050
ELECTRICITY FROM COAL, TWH 480 2000C EMITTED IN CO2, MTC 265 1640
EJ = EXAJOULES, TWH = TERAWATT-HOURS, MTC = MEGATONS OF
CARBON IN CO2
INDIA & THE USAINDIA & THE USA (WITH WORLD RANKINGS)(WITH WORLD RANKINGS)
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ENERGY SOURCESENERGY SOURCES INDIANINDIAN
SCENARIOSCENARIO
Primary Energy Sources
India - 2003
33%
8%53%
1% 5%
Oil
NGCoal
Nuclear
Hydro
ENERGY IS ALWAYS DEFICIT IN INDIA
WE WILL REQUIRE ADDITIONAL 1,00,000 MW BY 2012
INVESTMENT OF RS 8000 BILLION
(Improve)
(Use full Potential)
(cut)
CNG+H
High S+High Ash
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OUR REQUIREMENTS.OUR REQUIREMENTS.
CONTROL OVER CARBON BURDEN
CARBON SEQUESTRATION
IMPROVED TECHNOLOGY TO REDUCE
EMISSION
HIGH EFFICIENCY
CONTROL OVER SHORT TERM
PHENOMENON LIKE ACID RAIN LESS EMISSION
FUEL TO MEET LONG TERM REQUIREMENT
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ONLY WITH IMPROVED TECHNOLOGIES CAN WE
Constrain oil demand & limit imports without incurring excessive
economic or environmental costs
Improve urban air quality while meeting growing demand for automobiles
Use abundant coal resources without intolerable impacts on regional air
quality & acid rain
Expand the use of nuclear energy while reducing accident and proliferation
risks
Achieve & sustain economic prosperity worldwide while controlling the
risks from global climate change
THE ROLE OF ENERGYTHE ROLE OF ENERGY--TECHNOLOGYTECHNOLOGY
INNOVATION IN THE INDIAN ENERGYINNOVATION IN THE INDIAN ENERGY
FUTURESFUTURES
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IndianOil Group of Companies
GREEN FUELSIN TUNE
WITH THE TIMES
Looking beyondFossil Fuels
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Biofuels are renewableenergy
source
Environmentally safer Very high potentialto
rejuevenatelocal/rural
economy andemployment
generation
ProvideEnergy security andalternatetofossilfuels
Easy todevelop anduse
PROSPECTS OF BIOFUEL
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BIOFUELBIOFUEL
Different Biofuel Options
Bodiesel
Biogas
Biomass Gasification
Ethanol, Methanol, Biomass to
liquid fuel, Hydrogen
Other alternatives
Characteristics
Green fuel
High flash point temperature
High cetane index
Ultra low (zero) sulfur content
Diesel like physical and chemical
properties
Low emissions: Poly Aromatic
Hydrocarbons, Nitrated poly aromatichydrocarbons and sulfate
JatrophacarcusDerisindica
A. montana
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PRESENT SCENERIO ON BIODIESELPRESENT SCENERIO ON BIODIESEL
IN INDIAIN INDIA
To produce bio-diesel in the country for blending in HSD
to the extent of 20% by 2011-12.
Jatropha plantation required over 11 million hectares of
land Stake holders: Oil companies, Auto Industry, Financial
Institutions and Government & its institutions.
Necessary to demonstrate the viability of the programme
IOCL VENTURES: Phase I: Demo project to be implemented by the year
2006-07
Phase II: Self sustained expansion of programme in the
year 2007 . Production of sufficient quantity of the bio-
diesel in the year 2011-12
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HYDROGEN
A PROMISING FUEL FORFUTURE
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HYDROGEN CAN BE USED INHYDROGEN CAN BE USED IN
MOST ENERGY SECTORSMOST ENERGY SECTORS
In the Transportation Sector
Can be used in ICE
Fuel cells are more efficient
Trains, automobiles, buses, and ships
In the Residential and Commercial Sectors
Combined heat and power
Reliable energy services for criticalapplications
Grid independence
In the Industrial Sector
Already plays an important role as a chemical
Co-producing power and hydrogen
Colourless, odourless and
tasteless gas
Lighter than air
Fastest diffusing gas
Molecular size, permeates easily
through most materials
Auto ignition temperature is
585 deg C
Flammability 4-75%
Detonation 18-59%
Ignition energy in air 20 mu J
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FUEL CELLFUEL CELL(ETHANOL, METHANOL,(ETHANOL, METHANOL,
HYDROGEN)HYDROGEN)
Generate electricity without
combustion of the fuel and oxidizer, as
opposed to what occurs with
traditional methods of electricitygeneration.
The main advantage a fuel cell has
over heat engines is that they are
theoretically more efficient and
produce no noxious emissions
Fuel cells operate very quietlyreducing noise pollution
Fuel cells are being developed for
numerous commercial and military
applications, such as automobiles,
portable electronic devices, and mobileand stationary power generation.
APPLICATIONS
Chemical energy of a fuel
Electricity
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Biomass Gasification
Conversion of biomass to producer gas for electricity generation
Application
Village Electrification
Biogas is obtainable from anaerobic
digestion of cowdung and other
lignocellulosic waste such as, oil seed
cake, water hyacinth etc.
Green fuel having high Calorific value
(20.1 25.9 KJ/litre, Used for cooking, lighting etc.
Standard Composition: 58 % Methane and
33 % Carbon dioxide
Future Prospects of Biogas
Fuel for HighTemperature Fuel Cells
Transportation
Micro-Turbine for power
generation
Biogas
TRANSPORTATION
VILLAGEELECTRIFICATION
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SAVE RESOURCES
USE RENEWABLE RESOURCES
EFFICIENT PRODUCTION
LONG-LASTING DESIGN OF SYSTEMS
THUS, FOR EFFICIENT IE..THUS, FOR EFFICIENT IE..
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THANK YOUTHANK YOU