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1
Fog-based Stream Reasoning for the Industrial Internet of Things
Stream Reasoning Workshop Berlin, 09.12.2016
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Time: 15 minutes
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Good morning.
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If there is only one thing to remember from this talk…
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(besides this unusual start)
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Factories of the future are software-based and Cyber-Physical Systems (CPS) will
permanently communicate with each other, exchange data, pre-process them locally and
be semantically interoperable.
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Disclaimer :Our group does not conduct research on nor applies concepts of stream reasoning.
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Disclaimer :Our group does not conduct research on nor applies concepts of stream reasoning.Yet.
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So why am I here?
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“However, there remain a significant number of domains where applying the Linked Data principles would be beneficial, but the concept is still largely unknown, such as: Finance, Manufacturing and Production, Logistics, Enterprise Data Integration.“[1]
[1] Auer, S., Heath, T., Bizer, C., & Berners-Lee, T. (2016). LDOW2016: 9th Workshop on Linked Data on the Web. Montréal.
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“However, there remain a significant number of domains where applying Stream Reasoning principles would be beneficial, but the concept is still largely unknown, such as: Finance, Manufacturing and Production, Logistics, Enterprise Data Integration.“ (based on [1])
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12© Fraunhofer FOKUS
Google Scholar: “Smart Factories” “Stream Reasoning”
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13© Fraunhofer FOKUS
Google Scholar: “Industrial Internet” “Stream Reasoning”
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14© Fraunhofer FOKUS
Google Scholar: “Industrie 4.0” “Stream Reasoning”
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15© Fraunhofer FOKUS
Google Scholar: “Industry 4.0” “Stream Reasoning”
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I would like to see more results next year.
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Just this single topic for today.How could stream reasoning be of relevance in the Industrial Internet of Things?
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Focus
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I’m from a networking department.
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More connected device than people since around 2006
Cisco IBSG
, April 2011
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The Internet of Things
The Connectivistbased on C
isco data
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We should focus a bit.
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SMART
Factory
Grid
Machine
City
Transportation
SMARTPhone
Wearable
TV
Appliances
Home
ConnectivityData Exchange
INDUSTRIALInternet of Things
CONSUMERInternet of Things
Industrial vs. Consumer IoT: data exchange between all verticals
Basedon
TexasInstrum
entsand
MoorInsights
&Strategy 's
reportSegmenting
theInternetofThings
(IoT )
Health
Plugs
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We should focus a bit more.
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What is Germany known for?
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http://cliparts.co
© Fraunhofer FOKUS
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Potential economic impact of the Internet of Things
McKinsey R
esearch
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The focus lies on data exchange within factories.How could stream reasoning be of relevance for factories?
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Factories of the Future
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the past➁ ➂➊
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31© Fraunhofer FOKUS
It all started with this…
https://de.wikipedia.org/w
iki/Industrielle_Revolution
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Video | my son is fascinated by a real steam engine
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➂➀
present age➋
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34© Fraunhofer FOKUS
We are currently here: the 5-layer automation pyramid
ERP
MES
SCADA
PLC
I/O
ERP: Enterprise Resource PlanningMES: Manufacturing Execution SystemSCADA: Supervisory control and data acquisition PLC: Programmable Logic Controller
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35© Fraunhofer FOKUS
The industrial revolution
End of 18th century Start of 20th Century Start of 70’s
Third Industrial RevolutionElectronics & IT for further automatization of production
Second Industrial RevolutionMass production based on division of labour and electrical energy
First Industrial RevolutionMechanical production powered by water and steam
Com
plexity
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➁ ➌
the future➀
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IIoT is the convergence point between OT & ICT
Operational Technology(OT)
Information & CommunicationsTechnology (ICT)
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38© Fraunhofer FOKUS
From the 5-layer architecture to autonomous CPS’
ERP
MES
SCADA
PLC
I/O
Today Future
5-layer architecture CPS-based automation
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39© Fraunhofer FOKUS
Industrie 4.0 Component (CPS) – Asset Administration Shell (AAS)
Plattform Industrie
4.0
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CPS’s will autonomously communicate with each other.How could stream reasoning be of relevance for communicating CPS’s?
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Key Challenges
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➀
Connectivity➁
Communication➂
Interoperability➃
Programmability➄
Security
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➊
Connectivity➋
Communication➌
Interoperability➃
Programmability➄
Security
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URI / IRI UNICODE
NamespacesXML
XML Query XML Schema
Sig
nat
ure
Encr
yptio
n
RDF Model & Syntax
Ontology & Queries
Rules
Logic
Proof
Trust
© Fraunhofer FOKUS
Covering the first three aspects
Based on T. Berners-Lee. WW
W P
ast and Future. Presentation at the R
oyal Society, London.
PhysicalData Link
Network
Transport
Session
Presentation
Application#➊ Connectivity
➋Communication
➌ Interoperability
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➀
Connectivity➁
Communication➂
Interoperability➍
Programmability➄
Security
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46Enterprise Solutions Group 29 Confidential
The Explosion of Data
Petabyte
Terabyte
Exabyte
Zettabyte
DATA VOLUME
PC/Client Era
Internet Era
Virtual Era
Mainframe/Mini Era 2012 2020
Social Interactions
Human Files
Transactional Data
Machine Generated Data (IoT - Internet of
Things)
© Fraunhofer FOKUS
Sources of data
DELL
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Forbes, 2016
Data is not the issue. We have more of it than we can analyze or utilize already, and we’re gathering more and more every day. The problem is going to be storing and accessing the data when we want it in a convenient fashion.
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48© Fraunhofer FOKUS
Where data will be processed until 2017
Cisco C
onsulting Services, 2014
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49
Field Domain
© Fraunhofer FOKUS
Fog | Edge | Cloud | Intercloud computingNetwork Edge Private Backend Public Internet
Fog
3G
CallLocation RSS Enabler Authentication
SessionContinuityVotingShopping
AdvertisementStreaming
Lineal TVStreaming
VODStreaming
UGCStreaming
Widgets Podcast File Sharing
MDFFactory
Flickr Address BookCalender Home SMS
XDMSParlay (X) Gateway SIP AS
HSS
SignalingGateway
P-CSCF I-CSCF S-CSCF
MediaGateway
MediaServer
Network Taps
PCRF Messaging ServerPCEF
SIPNuke
UE EmulatorProvisioning Server M & C Server
OnlineCharging Server
Network ApplicationServer
SIP 2 IMSGateway
Endgeräte
BootstrappingServer
PEEM
Presence Server
WLAN
Device Manager
RSS Multi-mediacast
SMS
IMS
Elasticity
Migration
ActuatorsSensorsSeSensnsoro ss
ActuatorsSensorsSeSenssoro ss
Fog
3G
CallLocation RSS Enabler Authentication
SessionContinuityVotingShopping
AdvertisementStreaming
Lineal TVStreaming
VODStreaming
UGCStreaming
Widgets Podcast File Sharing
MDFFactory
Flickr Address BookCalender Home SMS
XDMSParlay (X) Gateway SIP AS
HSS
SignalingGateway
P-CSCF I-CSCF S-CSCF
MediaGateway
MediaServer
Network Taps
PCRF Messaging ServerPCEF
SIPNuke
UE EmulatorProvisioning Server M & C Server
OnlineCharging Server
Network ApplicationServer
SIP 2 IMSGateway
Endgeräte
BootstrappingServer
PEEM
Presence Server
WLAN
Device Manager
RSS Multi-mediacast
SMS
IMS
Elasticity
Migration
ActuatorsSensorsSeSensnsoro ss
ActuatorsSensorsSeSenssoro ss
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50
Field Domain
© Fraunhofer FOKUS
Fog | Edge | Cloud | Intercloud computingNetwork Edge Private Backend Public Internet
3G
Call
Location
RSS Enabler
Authentication
Session
Continuity
Voting
Shopping
Advertisement
Streaming
Lineal TV
Streaming
VOD
Streaming
UGC
Streaming
WidgetsPodcast
File Sharing
MDF
Factory
Flickr
Address Book
Calender
HomeSMS
XDMS
Parlay (X)
Gateway
SIP AS
HSS
Signaling
Gateway
P-CSCF
I-CSCF
S-CSCF
Media
GatewayMedia
Server
Network Taps
PCRF
Messaging Server
PCEF
SIPNuke
UE Emulator
Provisioning Server
M & C Server
Online
Charging
Server
Network
Application
Server
SIP 2 IMS
Gateway
Endgeräte
Bootstrapping
Server
PEEM
Presence Server
WLAN
Device Manager
RSS Multi-
mediacast
SMS
IMS
Elastic
ity
Migration
Actuat
ors
Sensor
s
SeSensnsoro ss
Actuat
ors
Sensor
s
SeSenssoro
ss
Access Point
(Mobile) Edge Computing Resources
Fog
3G
CallLocation RSS Enabler Authentication
SessionContinuityVotingShopping
AdvertisementStreaming
Lineal TVStreaming
VODStreaming
UGCStreaming
Widgets Podcast File Sharing
MDFFactory
Flickr Address BookCalender Home SMS
XDMSParlay (X) Gateway SIP AS
HSS
SignalingGateway
P-CSCF I-CSCF S-CSCF
MediaGateway
MediaServer
Network Taps
PCRF Messaging ServerPCEF
SIPNuke
UE EmulatorProvisioning Server M & C Server
OnlineCharging Server
Network ApplicationServer
SIP 2 IMSGateway
Endgeräte
BootstrappingServer
PEEM
Presence Server
WLAN
Device Manager
RSS Multi-mediacast
SMS
IMS
Elasticity
Migration
ActuatorsSensorsSeSensnsoro ss
ActuatorsSensorsSeSenssoro ss
Fog
3G
CallLocation RSS Enabler Authentication
SessionContinuityVotingShopping
AdvertisementStreaming
Lineal TVStreaming
VODStreaming
UGCStreaming
Widgets Podcast File Sharing
MDFFactory
Flickr Address BookCalender Home SMS
XDMSParlay (X) Gateway SIP AS
HSS
SignalingGateway
P-CSCF I-CSCF S-CSCF
MediaGateway
MediaServer
Network Taps
PCRF Messaging ServerPCEF
SIPNuke
UE EmulatorProvisioning Server M & C Server
OnlineCharging Server
Network ApplicationServer
SIP 2 IMSGateway
Endgeräte
BootstrappingServer
PEEM
Presence Server
WLAN
Device Manager
RSS Multi-mediacast
SMS
IMS
Elasticity
Migration
ActuatorsSensorsSeSensnsoro ss
ActuatorsSensorsSeSenssoro ss
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51
Field Domain
© Fraunhofer FOKUS
Fog | Edge | Cloud | Intercloud computingNetwork Edge Private Backend Public Internet
Backend Platform
3G
Call
Location
RSS Enabler
Authentication
Session
Continuity
Voting
Shopping
Advertisement
Streaming
Lineal TV
Streaming
VOD
Streaming
UGC
Streaming
WidgetsPodcast
File Sharing
MDF
Factory
Flickr
Address Book
Calender
HomeSMS
XDMS
Parlay (X)
Gateway
SIP AS
HSS
Signaling
Gateway
P-CSCF
I-CSCF
S-CSCF
Media
GatewayMedia
Server
Network Taps
PCRF
Messaging Server
PCEF
SIPNuke
UE Emulator
Provisioning Server
M & C Server
Online
Charging
Server
Network
Application
Server
SIP 2 IMS
Gateway
Endgeräte
Bootstrapping
Server
PEEM
Presence Server
WLAN
Device Manager
RSS Multi-
mediacast
SMS
IMS
Elastic
ity
Migration
Actuat
ors
Sensor
s
SeSensnsoro ss
Actuat
ors
Sensor
s
SeSenssoro
ss
appsData Proxy
M2M/IoT GatewayFog
3G
CallLocation RSS Enabler Authentication
SessionContinuityVotingShopping
AdvertisementStreaming
Lineal TVStreaming
VODStreaming
UGCStreaming
Widgets Podcast File Sharing
MDFFactory
Flickr Address BookCalender Home SMS
XDMSParlay (X) Gateway SIP AS
HSS
SignalingGateway
P-CSCF I-CSCF S-CSCF
MediaGateway
MediaServer
Network Taps
PCRF Messaging ServerPCEF
SIPNuke
UE EmulatorProvisioning Server M & C Server
OnlineCharging Server
Network ApplicationServer
SIP 2 IMSGateway
Endgeräte
BootstrappingServer
PEEM
Presence Server
WLAN
Device Manager
RSS Multi-mediacast
SMS
IMS
Elasticity
Migration
ActuatorsSensorsSeSensnsoro ss
ActuatorsSensorsSeSenssoro ss
(Mobile) Edge Computing Resources
Fog
3G
CallLocation RSS Enabler Authentication
SessionContinuityVotingShopping
AdvertisementStreaming
Lineal TVStreaming
VODStreaming
UGCStreaming
Widgets Podcast File Sharing
MDFFactory
Flickr Address BookCalender Home SMS
XDMSParlay (X) Gateway SIP AS
HSS
SignalingGateway
P-CSCF I-CSCF S-CSCF
MediaGateway
MediaServer
Network Taps
PCRF Messaging ServerPCEF
SIPNuke
UE EmulatorProvisioning Server M & C Server
OnlineCharging Server
Network ApplicationServer
SIP 2 IMSGateway
Endgeräte
BootstrappingServer
PEEM
Presence Server
WLAN
Device Manager
RSS Multi-mediacast
SMS
IMS
Elasticity
Migration
ActuatorsSensorsSeSensnsoro ss
ActuatorsSensorsSeSenssoro ss
Access Point
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52
Public vs. Private vs. Edge vs. Fog Computing
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53
What are the main drivers?
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54
Network: lower latency, lower jitter, independency of the network
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55
Data: improved security, data sovereignty, grouping, scalability
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56
Independency: fog nodes actuate autonomously & communicate peer-to-peer
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57
Disclaimer :Our group does not conduct research on nor applies concepts of stream reasoning.Yet.
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58
We do, however, semantically annotate information within each fog node and communicate RDF graphs over standardized interfaces used within IIoT domains.
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59
Overall focus and research areas
➊
Integrate(existing devices)
➋
Collect Data(wired/wirelessly)
➍
Analyze Data(in the fog node)
orchestration of docker-containers
forpredictive
maintenance, event-driven actuation, …
➌
Enhance Data(semantically)
➎
Secure Data(on different layers)
➏
Provide Data(standard conform)
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Processing semantically annotated streams in distributed fogs.This is where stream reasoning would be of high relevance.
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61
Summary
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Factories of the future are software-based and Cyber-Physical Systems (CPS) will
permanently communicate with each other, exchange data, pre-process them locally and
be semantically interoperable.
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63© Fraunhofer FOKUS
Vision: towards a joint programmable Industrial Graph of Things
ICT Graph of Things OT Graph of Things
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64© Fraunhofer FOKUS
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65
About me
© M
atth
ias
Hey
de /
Frau
nhof
er F
OKU
S
Dr.-Ing. Alexander WillnerFraunhofer FOKUS
Software-based Networks (NGNI)Head of the Industrial Internet of Things (IIoT) Center
Technische Universität BerlinNext Generation Networks (AV)
Head of the research group Industrial Internet of Things (IIoT)[email protected]
http://iiot-center.org
http://openiotfog.org
@AlexWillner
linkedin.com/in/willner
xing.to/willner