Infection with parasitic nematodes in Australian marine fish
Shokoofeh Shamsi, Andreas Lopata
Marine Biomedical Sciences and Health Research GroupRMIT University, Australia
Definitive hosts
Intermediate hostsIntermediate/paratenic hosts
Anisakids larvae on gonads of fish Anisakidosis of intestine (55 year old man)
Infection with Anisakis in dolphin Infection with Contracaecum in Australian pelican
?Which species can cause disease in human?
Why do people infected with the same parasite in different countries, show different symptoms?
Posterior end in C. microcephalum
SpiculesPost clocal papillae
Posterior end of a Contracaecum
type larva
Posterior end of a female
Contracaecum
Ribosomal DNA
Aims:
(1) the infection rates
(2) parasite species
(3) allergens
DNA analyses
........Digestion Minicolumn PCR
SequencingAgarose gel
ITS-1 ITS-2
Fish species No Infection rate
No of parasite
Geographic location
Eastern Australian Salmon 2 100% 2-10 SA
King George whiting 7 100% 2-15 SA
Red snapper 5 100% 20-75 SA
Sand flathead 10 20% 1-2 VIC
Snapper 5 100% 25-93 SA
Southern garfish 4 100% 3-7 SA
Swallowtail 5 100% 5-27 SA
Tiger flathead 25 100% 40-2000 VIC
Tommy rough 9 84% 3-12 SA
Western Australian salmon 24 73% 2-10 SA
Yellow eye mullet 5 100% 1-31 SA
Yellow fin tuna 1 100% 10 NSW
AnisakisAnisakis Contracaecum TerranovaHysterothylacium
AnisakisAnisakis
Platycephalus sp.
Scomber australasicus
Seriola hippos
Seriola lalandi
Sillago flindersi
Grammatorcynus bicarinatus
Thunnus albacores
Eudyptula minor
Kogia breviceps
A. typica
A. pegreffii(dolphins)
(whale)
A. simplex C(dolphins)
Ani
saki
s
Con
trac
aecu
m
Ani
saki
s
Ani
saki
s
Ani
saki
s10
15
20
25
37
50
75100150250
Immunoblot with anti-tropomyosin antibody
10
15
20
25
37
50
75100150250
Anisakis Contracaecum
Immunoblot using monoclonal anti-parvalbumin antibody
1 2 3 4
10 kDa
Dish Country of OriginSushi or sashimi JapanCeviche (raw fish marinated in lemon juice) South AmericaBoquerones en vinagre (anchovy in vinegar sauce) SpainAlici marinate (pickled anchovies) ItalyGreen herring (salted or smoked) The NetherlandsRollmops (pickled herring) GermanyGravlax (dry, cured salmon) ScandinaviaLomi-lomi (raw salmon) HawaiiSmoked snoek or undercooked cater (snoek roe) South AfricaSmoked salmon U.K.Seared tuna Italy, U.K., U.S.A.Raw caviar/fish roe RussiaFish tripe (undercooked) MalaysiaUndercooked fresh fish, e.g., hake, cod WorldwideUndercooked molluscs and crustaceans Worldwide
Improved quality control of potentially contaminated seafood with Anisakis will protect the consumer, but can only be
achieved by developing reliable molecular tools for specific detection.
Conclusion and summary
Broad diversity of anisakids in Australia