Download - Information systems concepts
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Viewing Businesses as Systems
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Basic Concepts for Understanding Systems
• Framework• Models• System• Work System• Business Process• Value Chain• Information Systems• Information Technology
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Framework
• Brief set of ideas for organizing thought process about a particular type of thing or situation
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Models
Simplified representations of reality
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System
• A set of interacting components that operate together to accomplish a purpose
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System properties
• A system has– Purpose– Boundary– Environment– Inputs– Outputs
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Engineering
A firm as a system
Supplier
Customer
Production Sales Delivery Service
Finished goods
PreferencesEquipmentInformation
Orders
FinishedGoods
ServiceRequests
Product design
THE FIRMOrders To suppliers
Purchaseditems
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Work System
• A system in which humans perform a business process using information, technology, and other resources to produce products for internal or external customers.
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Work System
Business Process
People
Information
Other resources
Products
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Business Process
• Related group of activities that use people, information and other resources to create value for internal and external users.
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Value Chain
• Set of processes a firm uses to create value for its customers
• A process’s value added is the amount of value it creates for its internal and external customer
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Value Chain
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Information System
• A type of work system that uses information technology to capture, transmit, store, retrieve, manipulate or display information thereby supporting one or more other work systems
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Information Technology
• Hardware and software used by information systems
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Information Technology, Information Systems, and work systems
InformationTechnology
InformationSystem
WorkSystem
Firm
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Phases in building and maintaining systems
• Initiation
• Development
• Implementation
• Operation & Maintenance
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Work-Centered Analysis (WCA) Framework
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Customer Product
External or Internal who use or receive direct benefit from the product
Other Stakeholders Infrastructure the customer should have to
use the product
Information content Physical content Service Content
Business Process
Major Steps Rationale Processes providing inputs Processes receiving the product
Participants Information Technology
People who perform the work Shared human structure
Created or modified within this system
Received from other work systems
Technology within the system
Shared technology infrastructure
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Customer Product
Person who purchases books Wholesalers that supply the books Amazon.com’s shipping department
Information about books that might be purchased
Information describing each book order Books that are eventually delivered
Business Process
Major Steps:Purchaser logs on to www.amazon.comPurchaser identifies desired book or give search criteriaPurchaser looks at book-related information and decides what to orderPurchaser enters orderAmazon. com orders book from wholesalerWholesaler sends book to Amazon.comShipping department packages order and sends it to purchaser
Rationale:Instead of forcing book buyers to go to typical bookstores, permit them to use online access from home or from work
Participants Information Technology
People interested in purchasing books
Order fulfillment department of wholesaler
Shipping department of Amazon.com
Orders for book Price and other
information about each book
PC’s used by purchasers Computers and networks
used by Amazon.com for order processing
Work Centered Analysis (WCA) for Amazon.com