Download - Injecting drug use and blood borne virus transmission in Wales: building the evidence base
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Injecting drug use and blood borne virus transmission in Wales: building the evidence base
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Project teamICDS
Dr Marion Lyons
Dr Noel Craine
Dr Mark Walker
Josie Smith
Zoe Couzens
HPA
Dr John Parry & Tamara Mcdonald
Imperial College
Dr Mathew Hickman
Cardiff University
Dr Barry Nix
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Informing the blood borne virus strategy for Wales
Future burden of disease?
How effective are interventions to reduce transmission?
What service developments are needed across Wales?
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Research into current prevention and service development in Wales
qualitative study of needle and syringe exchange provision (collaboration Imperial College London and WIRED) - using grounded theory approach – addressing barriers to NSE uptake and availability
South and West Wales - street recruited needs assessment
provision of HBV and HCV services in primary and secondary health care settings across Wales
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Prevalence and incidence of HCV, HBV and HIV amongst IDUs
South Wales HCV Incidence Study – prospective cohort study of injecting drug users
– determine factors behind the patterns of incidence and prevalence
– provide baseline data to monitor impact of intervention
– inform estimates of future disease burden
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Newport (134)
Pontypridd / Rhydfelin (37)
Cardiff (200)
Caldicott (17)
Bridgend (51) Barry (15)
Abergavenny (11)
Aberdare (9)
Swansea (97)
Neath (31)
Merthyr (95)
North West Wales Salivary Survey (153)
Treorchy (17)
Sample sites and sample sizes
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Age profile of total sample of 717
0
40
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16 20 24 28 32 36 40 44 48 52 56
age
n. of individuals
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Sample characteristics
male – 73%, female – 26%
54% of sample in substitution treatment
(proportion varied across sample)
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a
Neath
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ndBar
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Caldico
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% receiving substitution treatment
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Preliminary findings
• anti-HCV - 26.8% (95% CI 24%-30%)
• anti-HBc was 9.8% (95% CI 8%-12%)
• both markers together - 7%
• anti-HCV 6.1% (95% CI 2.1%-14.3%) amongst injectors
who had been injecting for one year or less.
• 539 HCV seronegatives for follow up
• no significant difference in prevalence between males and females
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HCV and HBV - age prevalence curves for all sample (95%CI)
age group
prevalence
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Duration of injecting, anti-HCV and anti-HBc prevalence
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sample site (West to East)
prevalence %
Anti-HCV prevalence by site ordered West to East (95%CI fitted)
Mean anti-HCV prevalence – all South Wales sample (95%CI)
Merthyr Tydfil
CardiffSwansea
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Between site comparison – duration of injecting and HCV prevalence
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HCV testing and HCV positives
25% of dried blood spot positives knew they were positive from previous test
24% of dried blood spot positives reported a previous negative test result
the remaining dried blood spot positives were either untested, didn't know result or didn't know if they had been tested
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HBV vaccination across sample
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mean
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HBV vaccination of IDUs
• prisons 65%
• GPs 15%
• other drug services 8%
• GUM 7%
• other 5%
40% of anti-HBc positive individuals - vaccinated
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The next stage
• follow up and re-sampling of cohort planned Dec / Jan
• include HIV testing at follow-up
• roll out of anonymous unlinked salivary monitoring program
• look at the role of prisons
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How can we use this research to reduce transmission?
early acquisition of infection
regional variation – highlights potential for prevention
baseline to assess impact of intervention
large scale peer education program – needle and syringe sharing is common and needs to become rare
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HCV – age group prevalence for Cardiff, Swansea and Merthyr