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Inside the Earth
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Chemical Composition(What it is made of)
• Crust
• Mantle
• Core
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The Crust• Outer layer• 5-100 km thick• 2 types of crust
– Oceanic• very dense,
made of basalt,about 3 – 5 miles (8km)thick
– Continental• less dense,
made of granite,about 25 miles(32km) thick.
• Made of: aluminum, calcium, iron, magnesium, oxygen, potassium, silicon, sodium
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Oceanic and Continental Crust
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The Mantle• Middle layer• Very thick layer,
extends from 200 km to 3000 km; approx. 2,900 km thick
• The largest layer• A dense, hot layer of
semi-solid rock• Made of: silicon,
iron, oxygen, magnesium
• 80% of volume, 68% of mass
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The Core
• Made mostly of iron and some nickel
• 1/3 of the earth’s mass
• Very hot
• A ball of very hot, dense metals
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The Core
Core, which is nearly twice as dense as the mantle because it composition is metallic (iron-nickel alloy) rather than stony. The core is made up of two parts, a thick liquid center and a thick solid inner core. The liquid core spins, creating the Earth’s magnetic field.
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Physical Structure of the Earth(5 Layers)
• Lithosphere- rigid outer layer (crust)
• Asthenosphere- solid rock that flows slowly (like hot asphalt)
• Mesosphere- middle layer
• Outer Core- liquid layer
• Inner Core- solid, very dense
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Lithosphere
• The crust and upper layer of the mantle
• The lithosphere is– rigid and solid, but also brittle– broken into pieces called plates that are
moving– where
volcanoesform
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Asthenosphere
• The semi-solid, semi-liquid in the mantle
• Flows like hot asphalt under a heavy weight (called plasticity)
• 700 km deep
• Convection currents occur here, that cause the plates of the lithosphere to move
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Mesosphere
• Most of the mantle
• A very thick, semi-liquid layer
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Outer Core
• Liquid iron & nickel
• Extremely hot (3800° C)
• 2200 km thick
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Inner Core
• The hot metals are under so much pressure they are a solid
• Solid iron & nickel• 5000° C• Diameter of 2400 km
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Earth’s Layers
• How are the earth’s layers similar to an egg?
• Shell=crust• Egg white=mantle• Yolk=core