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Institute for LinguisticsStuttgart University
Regine Brandtner (SFB 732)
Constraints on copredication
Deverbal Nominalization-Constraints on copredication
Regine Brandtner, M.A.University of Stuttgart, Germany
SFB 732 / Project B1
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Institute for LinguisticsStuttgart University
Regine Brandtner (SFB 732)
Constraints on copredication
![Page 3: Institute for Linguistics Stuttgart University Regine Brandtner (SFB 732) Constraints on copredication Deverbal Nominalization- Constraints on copredication](https://reader033.vdocument.in/reader033/viewer/2022061305/55142d70550346d8488b5df4/html5/thumbnails/3.jpg)
Institute for LinguisticsStuttgart University
Regine Brandtner (SFB 732)
Constraints on copredication
![Page 4: Institute for Linguistics Stuttgart University Regine Brandtner (SFB 732) Constraints on copredication Deverbal Nominalization- Constraints on copredication](https://reader033.vdocument.in/reader033/viewer/2022061305/55142d70550346d8488b5df4/html5/thumbnails/4.jpg)
Institute for LinguisticsStuttgart University
Regine Brandtner (SFB 732)
Constraints on copredication
Supervisor: Prof. Dr. Klaus von Heusinger
Project B1: Formation and Interpretation of derived nominals
SFB 732: Incremental specification in context• collaborative research centre established in 2006• funded by the German National Science Foundation• 14 research projects, about 40 researchers
(Institute of Natural Language Processing & Institute of
Linguistics)
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Institute for LinguisticsStuttgart University
Regine Brandtner (SFB 732)
Constraints on copredication
Introduction to deverbal –ung nominals in German:
Base
• mostly transitive verbs, often prefixed:e.g. Absperrung ‘obstruction’
• no modal or auxiliary verbs:e.g. *Seiung ‘being’, *Wollung ‘wanting’
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Institute for LinguisticsStuttgart University
Regine Brandtner (SFB 732)
Constraints on copredication
Introduction to deverbal –ung nominals in German:
Semantics
Entführung ‘kidnapping’
Absperrung ‘obstruction’
Einladung ‘invitation’
Zahlung ‘payment’
Lüftung ‘air conditioning’
Unterführung ‘underpass’
Bedienung ‘waitress’
Verwaltung ‘administration’
EVENT
RESULT STATE / OBJECT
INFO OBJECT (Medium)
RESULT (abstract)
MEANS
LOCATION
AGENT
COLLECTIVE
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Institute for LinguisticsStuttgart University
Regine Brandtner (SFB 732)
Constraints on copredication
Introduction to deverbal –ung nominals in German:
Indicators for these readings:
Event and process indicators:
• Time frame predicates: beginnen/ abschließen ‘begin’/ ’complete’
• Duration: hat 6 Monate gedauert ‘lasted 6 months’
• Dates: am 7.Juli ‘July 7th’
• Process modifying predicates: vorsichtig ‘cautious’
• Iteration: permanent/ wiederholt ‘permanent’/ ‘repeated’
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Institute for LinguisticsStuttgart University
Regine Brandtner (SFB 732)
Constraints on copredication
Introduction to deverbal –ung nominals in German:
Indicators for these readings:
Result object indicators:
• Physical change: überreichen / erscheinen ‘present’/ ‘appear’
• Location: auf dem Tisch liegen / vorliegen ‘lie on the table’/ ‚be available’
• Size, shape etc.: lang, hoch, rot sein ‘be long, high, red’
(based on Ehrich & Rapp 2000)
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Institute for LinguisticsStuttgart University
Regine Brandtner (SFB 732)
Constraints on copredication
Special issue: Copredication
Two of these indicators are in conflict
(1) Die [langwierige]EV Übersetzung [brachte mir viel Geld]RE.
‘The tedious translation earned me a lot of money.’
(2) Die [am Montag durchgeführte]EV Messung [belegt]RE,
dass der Grenzwert überschritten wurde.
‘The measurement conducted on Monday shows that the
critical value was exceeded.’
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Institute for LinguisticsStuttgart University
Regine Brandtner (SFB 732)
Constraints on copredication
Classification of the phenomenon nominalization
• Ambiguity ?Selection of an interpretation out of a given set of senses while cancelling the others
Question: do we really want to establish a theory where a once disambiguated lexical item itself is allowed to change in context?
Implication: two disambiguation processes in a row, hence one predication must fail or the nominalization would have to be shifted
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Institute for LinguisticsStuttgart University
Regine Brandtner (SFB 732)
Constraints on copredication
Classification of the phenomenon nominalization
• Underspecification / dot objects / local disambiguation? (Bierwisch, Pustejovsky, Solstad & Rossdeutscher)
No cancellation of the other options (after the first disambiguation)
focus on one of them(others available for reference in the ongoing discourse)
Implication: copredication is not a paradox, everycombination should be possible
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Institute for LinguisticsStuttgart University
Regine Brandtner (SFB 732)
Constraints on copredication
Underspecification
Question: what about examples like (3) and (4):
(3) ?Die Absperrung [aus Holz]RE [hat drei Tage gedauert]EV.
‘The wooden obstruction has taken three days.’
(4) ?Die [gemeinsame]EV Bemalung [hat Flecken]RE.
‘The collective painting has stains.’
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Institute for LinguisticsStuttgart University
Regine Brandtner (SFB 732)
Constraints on copredication
Copredication
• Two main issues:
Underspecification has a solution for A), But: we have to define constraints for copredication
A) Predication conflict (concerning the nominal‘s IP in context)
B) Constraints on the combinations of indicators
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Institute for LinguisticsStuttgart University
Regine Brandtner (SFB 732)
Constraints on copredication
Global constraints on copredication
Combination of different types:
(5) ??Die Leitung der Anwaltskanzlei ist [schwierig]EV.Sie hat [angerufen]agentive
‘The management of the law firm is difficult.It has called.’
(6) ?? Die teure Reinigung [der Kleider]EV [liegt in der Innenstadt]locative.
‘The expensive dry cleaning of the clothes is located in the city centre.’
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Institute for LinguisticsStuttgart University
Regine Brandtner (SFB 732)
Constraints on copredication
Global constraints on copredication
Combination of different types:
But:(8) Die Übersetzung war [langwierig]EV …
a. und [fehlerlos]Info b. und [liegt jetzt auf dem Tisch]medium.
‘The translation was tedious and faultless/and is on the table now.’
(7) ?Die [regelmäßige]EV Lüftung des Kinderzimmers ist wichtig, aber [kaputt]means.
‘The regular ventilation of the nursery is important, but damaged.’
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Institute for LinguisticsStuttgart University
Regine Brandtner (SFB 732)
Constraints on copredication
Local constraints on copredication – some data
Compare:
(10) ?Die einfache Übersetzung brachte mir viel Geld ein.‘The easy translation earned me a lot of money.’
(9) Die [langwierige]EV Übersetzung [brachte mir viel Geld]RE
‘The tedious translation earned me a lot of money.’
causal relation between the manner of the event and the resulting object
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Institute for LinguisticsStuttgart University
Regine Brandtner (SFB 732)
Constraints on copredication
Local constraints on copredication – some data
(10) ?Die einfache Übersetzung brachte mir viel Geld ein.‘The easy translation earned me a lot of money.’
Repair / Accomodation:
(10’) Die einfache Übersetzung brachte mir dennoch viel Geld ein.‘The easy translation still earned me a lot of money.’
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Institute for LinguisticsStuttgart University
Regine Brandtner (SFB 732)
Constraints on copredication
Local constraints on copredication – some data
(11) Die [abblätternde]RE Bemalung [wurde schlampig durchgeführt]EV.
‘The peeling painting (of the wall) was conducted negligently.’
Causal relation
Compare:
(11’) ?Die abblätternde Bemalung [dauerte 4 Stunden]EV.
‘The peeling painting (of the wall) took four hours.’
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Institute for LinguisticsStuttgart University
Regine Brandtner (SFB 732)
Constraints on copredication
Local constraints on copredication – some data
(12’) ?Die abblätternde Bemalung [dauerte 4 Stunden]EV.
‘The peeling painting (of the wall) took four hours.’
Repair / Accomodation:
(12’’) Die abblätternde Bemalung [dauerte dennoch 4 h]EV.
‘The peeling painting (of the wall) still took four hours.’
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Institute for LinguisticsStuttgart University
Regine Brandtner (SFB 732)
Constraints on copredication
Local constraints on copredication – some data
(13) Die [täuschend echte]RE Fälschung [dauerte lange]EV.‘The deceptively real-looking imitation took a long time.’
Compare
(13’) ?Die [schlechte]RE Fälschung [dauerte lange]EV.
‘The bad imitation took a long time.’
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Institute for LinguisticsStuttgart University
Regine Brandtner (SFB 732)
Constraints on copredication
Local constraints on copredication – some data
(13’) ?Die [schlechte]RE Fälschung [dauerte lange]EV.
‘The bad imitation took a long time.’
Repair /Accomodation
(13’) Die [schlechte]RE Fälschung [dauerte dennoch lange]EV.
‘The bad imitation still took a long time.’
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Institute for LinguisticsStuttgart University
Regine Brandtner (SFB 732)
Constraints on copredication
Local constraints on copredication – some data
(15) Obwohl die Messung von Studenten [durchgeführt wurde]EV ist sie sehr [aussagekräftig]RE.
‘Although the measurement was conducted by students it is very significant.’
Other repairs
(14) Lunch was delicious, but took forever. (Asher 2007)
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Institute for LinguisticsStuttgart University
Regine Brandtner (SFB 732)
Constraints on copredication
Local constraints on copredication – some data
Simple nouns:
(13) ?The newspaper was founded in 1878 and is printed in Frankfurt.
(13‘) The newspaper was founded in 1878 and is typed in Sütterlin .
Repair / Accommodation:
(13’’) The newspaper was founded in 1878 and is still typed in Sütterlin .
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Institute for LinguisticsStuttgart University
Regine Brandtner (SFB 732)
Constraints on copredication
Local constraints on copredication – some data
(14) ?Die Übersetzung [liegt auf dem Tisch]RE - sie hat [6 Monate gedauert]EV.‘The translation was on the table - it had taken 6 months.’
Repair / Accommodation:
(14‘) Die Übersetzung [liegt endlich auf dem Tisch]RE sie hat wirklich [6 Monate gedauert]EV.‘The translation was finally on the table it had really
taken 6 months.’
Expected narration structure violated
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Institute for LinguisticsStuttgart University
Regine Brandtner (SFB 732)
Constraints on copredication
Local constraints on copredication – some data
(15) Die Übersetzung war [langwierig]EV und [liegt jetzt endlich auf dem Tisch]RE.
‘The translation was tedious and is finally on the table now.’
(16) Die Übersetzung war [langwierig]EV, [liegt jetzt aberendlich auf dem Tisch]RE.
‘The translation was tedious, but is finally on the table now.’
Construction of a relation between the manner of a past event and the present
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Institute for LinguisticsStuttgart University
Regine Brandtner (SFB 732)
Constraints on copredication
Aims and open questions:
• Evaluate existing theories on nominalization and polysemy concerning copredication
• Make the constraints on copredication more explicit
• Verify the acceptability of the examples by questionnaires
• Collect more ‘real’ examples from corpora
? Which indicators do you use?
? (How) can we search for copredication examples directly?
? Comments / suggestions / severe criticism?
THANK YOU!!
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Institute for LinguisticsStuttgart University
Regine Brandtner (SFB 732)
Constraints on copredication
References:
• Asher, N. 2008. A web of words: Lexical meaning in context. Ms., UT-Austin
• Bierwisch, M. 1989. “Event Nominalization: Proposals and Problems“. In: W. Motsch (ed.). Wortstruktur und Satzstruktur. Berlin, 1- 73
• Brandtner, R. 2008. Meaning Transfer and the Compositional Semantics of Nominalizations. In: SinSpeC. Working Papers of the SFB 732 "Incremental Specification in Context", ed. Florian Schäfer. Online Publikationsverbund der Universität Stuttgart (OPUS)
• Brandtner, R. & von Heusinger, K. (submitted). Nominalization in Context - Conflicting Readings and Predicate Transfer. submitted to: Artemis Alexiadou &Monika Rathert (eds.). Nominalizations across Languages and Frameworks. Berlin: deGruyter (Interface explorations)•Cruse, D. A. 2000. Meaning in Language: An Introduction to Semantics and Pragmatics. New York: Oxford University Press
•Ehrich, V. & Rapp, I. 2000. Sortale Bedeutung und Argumentstruktur: ung- Nominalisierungen im Deutschen. Zeitschrift für Sprachwissenschaft 19: 245303.
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Institute for LinguisticsStuttgart University
Regine Brandtner (SFB 732)
Constraints on copredication
• Heid, U. et al. 2007. Indicators for sortal readings of German nominalizations with –ung: properties and extraction from corpora. Paper presented at the SFB 732 colloquium “Theoretical and Computational Perspectives on Underspecification”, University of Stuttgart, 3.11.2007.
• Nunberg, G. 2004. The Pragmatics of Deferred Interpretation. In: The Handbook of Pragmatics, eds. Laurence Horn & Gregory Ward, 344364. Oxford: Blackwell
• Pustejovsky, J. 1995. The Generative Lexicon. Cambridge, MA: MIT Press.
• Roßdeutscher, A. , Kamp, H., Solstad, T. & Reyle, U. 2007. Lexical and supra-lexical underspecification rooted in a dm-based theory of word formation. Paper presented at the SFB 732 colloquium “Theoretical and Computational Perspectives on Underspecification”, Universität Stuttgart, 3.11.2007.
• Solstad, T. 2008. Constructing anaphoric relations. Manuskript, Universität Stuttgart
• Weiland, H. 2009. "Empirische Untersuchungen zu pragmatischen Bedingungen für Bedeutungsverschiebungen im Deutschen". Magisterarbeit, Universität Stuttgart
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Institute for LinguisticsStuttgart University
Regine Brandtner (SFB 732)
Constraints on copredication
Appendix: An alternative analysis of copredication
(using Nunberg’s predicate transfer)Nunberg’s predicate transfer
(1) i. I am parked out back.
ii. I am {the owner of a car that is parked out back}
predicate transfer on the VP instead of shift on the pronoun (Nunberg 2004)
Test for transfer position:
(2) i. Ij am {the owner of a car that is parked out back}j and have been waitingj for 15 minutes.
ii. #I am {the owner of a cari that is parked out back} and may not starti.
•
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Institute for LinguisticsStuttgart University
Regine Brandtner (SFB 732)
Constraints on copredication
Copredication with simple nouns (Nunberg 2004):
(3) i. Roth is [Jewish]person and [widely read]books.ii. Roth is Jewish and {a person whose books are [widely read] books} person
Application to derived nominals (Brandtner & von Heusinger) Second indicator is enriched to match the requirements of the first
one:
(4) i. Die [am Montag durchgeführte]EV Messung [belegt]RE, dass...‘The measurement conducted on Monday shows that …’ii. Die [am Montag durchgeführte]EV Messung {hat Resultate, die [belegen]RE }EV, dass... {has results that [show]...}
Only one interpretation for the nominal