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INSY 3020
Work Physiology
Dr. Robert E. ThomasIndustrial & Systems Engineering Department
Auburn UniversitySpring 2005
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ANTERIOR POSTERIOR
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Systems Most Relevant To Work Physiology
• Muscular
• Cardiovascular
• Respiratory
• Nervous
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Types of Muscle Tissue
- Skeletal
- Cardiac
- Smooth
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Muscle System Functions
• Movement / Posture
• Circulation
• Blood Pressure
• Food Movement
• Heat Production
• Breathing
• Expelling of Waste Products
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Skeletal Muscle Motor Units
“The functional unit of neuro-muscular control of movement. It consists of an anterior motor neuron in the spinal cord, the nerve fibers that innervate muscle cells, and junctions between the nerve and muscle cells.”
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Physiology vs. Work Physiology
Physiology
The study of the functions of the body parts. ie. How the body parts work.
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Physiology Vs.. Work Physiology(cont’d)
Exercise / Work Physiology
The study, description, evaluation, and explanation of the physiological changes in the human body resulting from either a single or repeated series of exposure to work stresses.
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Exercise Physiology vs. Work Physiology(cont’d)
Primary differences are in the target populations and in some assumptions about where and how they are working.
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Exercise Physiology
• Goal: Maximize the physiological efficiency of the target population.
• Target Population: Fit, healthy, young, and motivated.
• Environment: Usually optimum or controlled.
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Work Physiology
• Goal: To ensure worker can perform task efficiently and safely within the environment.
• Target Population: All kinds of people.
• Environment: Usually not optimal or controlled (noise, heat, etc.)
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How Do We USE Work Physiology?
• To enhance EFFICIENCY – To monitor energy expenditure and avoid excess fatigue
• To ensure SAFETY - do not push people beyond their physical limitations.
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Example Uses of Work Physiology• Can the job be safely accomplished by people----
for the required duration using prescribed tools and methods.
• Which methods are easier?
• Can a specific individual perform a job safely?
• How should jobs be ranked (for compensation & work-rest cycle purposes)?
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EFFICIENCY
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Heart Rate Measurements
• Palpation
• Electronics
• Light
• Sound
Reference Konz, pg. 123
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Effects of Aging
• Decline starts at about 30 years
• Progressive loss of muscle mass
• Lost muscle tissue replaced by fat
• Decrease in maximal strength
• Diminishing of muscle reflexes
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Fatigue
Two general types:
• Central . . . Nerve related
• Peripheral . . . Muscle related
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Efficiency Lesson
• Use heart rate to evaluate energy usage
• Design work for light to moderate energy expenditure
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SAFETY
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Heart Rate
• Max HR (Beats/Min)= 220-Age (In Years)
• Criteria: Rest: 65-85 BPM Not Consistently Above (Moderately
Heavy Work): 120-150BPM
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Work –Rest Cycles
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Work-Rest Cycles
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AIHA CRITERIA
For Work Rest Cycles
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Summary
• Ergonomics uses physiological responses to address both efficiency and safety issues
• Responses of the respiratory and cardiovascular systems are are most accessible
• Oxygen uptake and Heart Rate are the most frequently used measures…..but particularly heart rate
• Work -Rest Cycles are used to practically achieve efficiency and safety goals when work varied and includes is moderate to heavy components