Hon. Monicah Waiganjo (PhD)Presented during Tuta absoluta Workshop in Ethiopia
(26-28 Nov. 2013)
INTEGRATED PEST MANAGEMENT INNOVATION LAB (IPM-IL), KENYA
County Government of Kiambu
IPM IL Project Team in Kenya
• Waiganjo, M.M; Mbaka,J; Amata, R; Otipa, M; Kuria, S; Kambo C. M, Kahinga, J; Gitonga, J; Wepukhulu,S; Gathambiri,C; Kinyua, Z;
IPM CRSP Goals in Kenya• Develop improved IPM technologies• Increase household income• Improve IPM research and education• Increase gender equity and
involvement of women in IPMdecision making and program design
IPM CRSP
IPM-CRSP Emphasis• Multidisciplinary teams• Multi-institutional teams• On-farm research & participatory
researchThe project embraces close linkages
between research, extn and farmers.
Constraints• Lack of regional coordination and shared strategy • Lack of an IPM research focus on higher-value
horticultural crops • Pests (insects, diseases and weeds) priorities were
identified at a stakeholders meeting held in Nairobi• Priority crops-tomato, passionfruit, onion, banana
IPM CRSP
Tomato Production constraints
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Limited technical knowledge on high tunnel tomato production and grafting among the major tomato growers.
H. tunnel production system considerations
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IPMStrategies(Biotic)Exclusion‐doubledoors,footbath,cleanseedlings,insectproofnettingSanitation‐Insideandoutside(weeds,cropresidue,prunings)Scoutingandmonitoring‐visualinspection,useofstickytrapsSafecontrolofpests(whiteflybollworm,thrips,mites)
Weatherandsoilfactors(abiotic)Rainfall‐AffectsslopeofthestructureTemperatures‐choiceofmaterialtouse(netorplastic),shapeandheightofstructure,ventilators.Windstrengthanddirection‐windbreakersSoiltype‐plantingmethod,irrigationanddrainage,nutrition,diseasesmgt
U‐SHAPEDTUNNEL
8
LOWCOSTWOODEN‐AFRAME
GOTHIC‐ ARCH
The open frame is composed of wood,metal or plastic. The frame forms abasic “A” “gothic/arched,” or“Quonset/U‐tunnel” shape. The framemay form a single or multiple, attached(adjacent) units of these shapes. Theseare made either using frame‐metal,wood, or PVC pipes
CommonHightunnelStructuresinKenya
9
A
B
A
B
10
A
Wilt susceptible but market preferred var. Onyx
Bacterial wilt resistant MT56
Tomato Grafting against Bacterial Wilt, Ralstonia solanacearum
Mwea Farmers tomato grafting training
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Grafted and un-grafted tomato Plant vigor (meanheight cm)
Yield tons/ha.
1 Anna grafted on Solanumincanum 65.38 ± 7.33d
13.5± 3.35cd
2 Tylka grafted on Solanumincanum 79.32 ± 7.89cd
24.6± 2.35 c
3Anna F1 105.55 ± 7.33bc 1.45± 0.22d
4Tylka F1 107.32 ± 7.23abc 0.56± 0.03de
5Anna grafted on MT56 209.8 ± 8.33ab 58.50± 4.87ab
6Tylka grafted on MT56 324.5 ± 8.67a 66.98± 6.89a
7Anna grafted on TKA 193-31 97.60 ± 8.62bcd 1.35± 0.04d
8Tylka grafted on TKA 193-31 99.31 ± 8.46bcd 0.23± 0.03de
9Anna grafted on wild Cherry 71.5± 8.46cd 0.50± 0.12de
10Tylka grafted on wild Cherry 67.46 ± 9.11d 0.12± 0.01e
CV 48.95 33.52
p-value <0 0001<0.001
Effects of grafting rootstock on tomato plant vigor and yield
• Soil solarization, a non chemical technique that captures radiant heat energy from the sun was found to control bacterial wilt in tomato grown in a high tunnel.
• Tomato grown in beds where the clear plastic sheet had been placed for 8 weeks had no bacterial wilt incidence compared to non-solarized tomato bed in Kirinyaga, Kenya (right).
Passionfruit activities
Objectives• To develop IPM packages for major pests of passion fruit including Fusarium wilt, dieback, brown spot, viruses and arthropod pests (aphids, leafminers, mealybugs, thrips)
• To transfer knowledge and technology packages to stakeholders through innovative farmer participatory approaches
Passion fruit activities at Juja, Central Kenya
Dieback disease symptom
Initial and late stages of dieback
Evaluation of biocontrol agents and fungicides in control of brown spot disease
• On farm evaluation of T. asperellum, T. harzianum and Cu in controlling brown spot on PPF and KPF12
• PPF + TA spray; PPF + TH spray; PPF +Cu spray;PPF/Control
• KPF12 +TA spray; KPF12 +TH spray; KPF12 + Cu spray; KPF12/control
• Site; juja farm
Table 1: Dieback in PPF, KPF4 and KPF12Treatment No Dieback
%
Dieback Alive%
Dead due to dieback
%
PPF 35 40 25
KPF4 93.7 6.3 0
KPF12 93.7 6.3 0
Brown spot disease symptoms
Brown spot on leaves, fruit and stem
Virus symptoms‐ Fruit woodiness, ring spots and leaf curl and roll, mosaics and crinkling
Validation of virus diagnostic procedure developed at Ohio State university
• Symptomatic and asymptomatic passion fruit samples for validation of the designed primers have been collected from farms
• Uasin Gishu District
• Nakuru North
Farmer preferred onion varieties
Variety Bungoma Kirinyaga Nyeri
Red creole 81.0% 68.2% 77.5%
Bombay red .0% 18.2% 5.0%
Red tropicana 1.7% 4.5% 2.5%
Africa best .0% 9.1% 2.5%
Hybrid Pannar 15.5% .0% 11.3%
Others
IPM CRSP
Treatment Damage Number ofThrips
1)Need-based pesticide application after scouting (sprayed Confidor1st month,2nd
alternated with Decis 3rd Month A.T.P.
0.056 ± 0.022c 2.713d ± 0.171
2)Farmer practice (Spray with Decis at 4 weeks A.T.P. and fortnightly thereafter.
0.200 ± 0.040c 3.925c ± 0.337
3)Needbased pesticide application after scouting and use of biopesticides (Biopower/Metarhizium at 4 weeks A.T.P., alternating with Achook and Decis.
0.206 ± 0.052c 4.544c ± 0.401
4)Need-based pesticide application starting as in 1 but sprayed during 2nd
month and 3rd month.
0.481 ± 0.062b 6.663b ± 0.489
5)Control ( No insecticide application) 1.263 ± 0.066a 14.100a ± 0.467
Cv 18.21150 30.36327
p-value <.0001 <.0001
IPM CRSP
The IPM CRSP project has put KENYA in the World map
Miriam Otipa explains her passionfruit research activities to Her Exellency H. Clinton, U.S Secretary of state accompanied by the Director, KARI and other dignitaries
Impact on policy
Increased visibility
IPM CRSP
Degree
Student’s Gender
Institution Exp.Completion date
PhD 1Female JKUAT 2013MSc 4 Females JKUAT/Kenyatta
University2012& 2013
MSc 1Female Makerere 2013Bsc 1Male JKUAT 2013MSc 1 Male Methodist 2014
Capacity building(Longterm)
IPM CRSP
Cebrating success during Pest and Disease Diagnostics forInternation Trade and Food workshop at Ohio State UniversityAt Wooster in 2010
Shorterm training (Ohio, Makerere, SUA.