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Integrated Pest Management
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What is Integrated Pest Management (IPM)
• Pest management strategy using all available strategies to control pests in a responsible and economical way.
• BMP Best management practice– Use science and practical methods to
optimize crops and minimize environmental impact
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IPM
• Studies show that multiple control methods are essential.
– Resistance to methods is possible– Similar to antibiotics resistance
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Economical injury level/Economic threshold
• When the control method costs less than the crop loss
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Aesthetic Injury Level
• Significant loss to the plants beauty requires control methods
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Scouting
• Searching the crop/landscape for pest damage and pests.
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Benefits of IPM
• Cheaper costs in pesticide
• Save time and labor costs
• Less disease/pests/weed/resistance
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Benefits Continued…
• Less impact on the environment
• Less cancer causing chemicals
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What is a Pest?
• Animal that causes injury or loss to a plant– Insect– Rodent– Nemetodes (worms) not earthworm– Snails/Slugs– Other mammals including deer and Raccoons
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What is a Disease?
• A negative effect cause by– Virus– Bacteria– Fungus
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Weeds
• Any plant growing where it is not wanted– Cause competition– Unsightly– Can harbor other pests and diseases
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Insects
• Exoskeleton
• Reproduce quickly and have lots of offspring.
• This leads to pesticide resistance
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There are two different types of mouthparts
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Insects can effect plants in two different stages of life
• Immature
• Adult
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Insects go through metamorphosis
• Complete
• Incomplete
CompleteIncomplete
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Plant disease
• Also known as a pathogen– Infectious: Caused by a living thing such as
virus, fungi and bacteria. – Noninfectious: (not pathogens) Caused by
non living things in the environment such as overwatering, nutrient deficiencies, air pollution.
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Disease Triangle
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Disease Triangle Explained
• Take away one of the factors in the triangle and the disease cannot attack.
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Weeds
• Broadleaf: Weeds that have big leaves such as dandelions.
• Grass weeds: Weeds that look like grass ie crabgrass.
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Weeds
Annual: die every year
Perennial: Come back every year like a tree
Biennial: Plant lives for two years
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Weeds
• Parasitic plants: Mistletoe
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IPM Solutions
• Sanitation: Keep it clean– Remove weeds– Insects and disease can be found in left over
plant material and weeds– Remove plants from last year if possible
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IPM Solutions
• Cultural/physical controls: these physically prevent the problems from getting to the plants.– Don’t let them in– Remove bad plants– Promote healthy growth– Good air circulation– Physical removal– Monitor/Scout
• Use sticky traps
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IPM Solutions
• Biological Control– Microbial, parasitic, or predators– Whitefly, catapillar and aphids can be
controlled with bacteria– The bacteria is a natural disease of those
insects. It is like germ warfare
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IPM Solutions
• Biological Control cont…– Parasitic organisms – Wasps lay their eggs in the whitefly larvae
and eat them from the inside out
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IPM Solutions
• Predatory organisms (can be released) Known as beneficial– Beetle attacking whitefly– Mite killing thrips– Lady bugs eating aphids– Snakes, hawks, cats eating mice
Make sure you don’t kill beneficial insects
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IPM Solution
• Chemicals– Know as pesticides (insecticide, rodenticide,
molluscicide, fungicide, herbicide)– Used safely– Used only when needed
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Conclusion
• Integrated Pest Management (IPM) uses all available methods to control pests
• A healthy environment and healthy plant leads to less diseases and pests.