Download - Integrating Silva Cells and Utilities
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Silva Cells & Utilities Integrating Silva Cells into the built environment
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Silva Cells and Utilities • Silva Cell overview
• Integrating Silva Cells and utilities
• Running utilities through the Silva Cells • Options for when utilities cannot be run through the frames
• Planning for the Future
• Utility corridors • Future capacity • Utility locations • Locating equipment • One-call network • Directional boring
• Repairs and Maintenance
• Planned Repairs • Emergency Repairs • Restoration options
• Conclusion
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Introduction to Silva Cells 2
Introduction to Silva Cells
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Silva Cell overview Silva Cells are a modular shoring system used to support pavements and create void spaces between the pavement and underlying soils that can then be filled with planting soil or other media to facilitate tree growth as well as water infiltration
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Silva Cell system are composed of decks and frames
Silva Cell overview 4
+/- 18” (45 cm)
+/- 12” (30.5 cm)
+/- 16” (40.5 cm)
48” (122 cm)
24” (61 cm)
Frame
Deck
Silva Cell overview
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Silva Cell overview 5
Deck
Frame
Silva Cells frames can be stacked one, two or three high. Decks sit on top of the highest frame.
Silva Cell overview
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Silva Cell overview 6
The Silva Cell frames do not connect to each other horizontally; there is a gap of 1” to 3” (25 mm to 75 mm) between each stack. This allows individual columns of frames to be removed without disturbing the adjacent stacks.
Silva Cell overview
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Integrating Silva Cells and Utilities
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8 Integrating Silva Cells and Utilities
There are a number of different ways for integrating Silva Cells with both new and existing utilities
Integrating Silva Cells and Utilities
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Integrating Silva Cells and Utilities 9
The most commonly used option is to run utilities through Silva Cells. Due to the open design of the frames, they can accommodate pipes, conduits, and other underground utilities up to 10” (250 mm) in diameter.
Running Utilities Through Frames
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Existing Telecomm lines
Running Utilities Through Frames
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Irrigation
Electric
Underdrain (wrapped in fabric)
Running Utilities Through Frames
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Existing street lighting conduits
Running Utilities Through Frames
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Existing gas service
Running Utilities Through Frames
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2” Watermain
Copper service
Running Utilities Through Frames
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Copper water services
Running Utilities Through Frames
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8” (200 mm) perforated PVC pipe
Running Utilities Through Frames
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When integrating Silva Cells and utilities, it may not always be possible to run utilities through the Cells. In those cases, one of the following alternatives may be used:
• Aggregate gap detail • Bridging utilities with Silva Cells • Bridging utilities with small concrete slabs (< 24” wide) • Bridging utilities with custom concrete slabs (> 24” wide) • Running utilities outside of the Silva Cell frames but in the
same excavation ares Please refer to the details on our website (www.deeproot.com) for more information.
Alternatives to Running Utilities Through Frames
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Options for when utilities cannot be run through frames 18
Geogrid
Clear Stone
Geogrid
One of the simplest options is to leave a gap in the Silva Cells where the Utility is. Then wrap the inside of the gap with geogrid and fill the void space with clear stone (drain rock) to make a stone column. The tree roots will work their way through the stone.
Aggregate Gap Bridging
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Options for when utilities cannot be run through frames
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Clean out
Geogrid is wrapped around the interior of the opening in the Silva Cells *Clean stone will be placed inside of the geogrid
Aggregate Gap Bridging
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Options for when utilities cannot be run through frames
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Clear stone
Geogrid (excess is folded over top)
Aggregate Gap Bridging
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Options for when utilities cannot be run through frames
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Light pole foundation
Geogrid will be installed around the inside of the opening and filled with clean stone
Aggregate Gap Bridging
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A single layer of Silva Cells can be used to bridge over existing utilities.
Geogrid at the sides of the opening
Compacted aggregate or backfill soil
New or existing utility
Bridging Utilities with Silva Cells
Options for when utilities cannot be run through frames
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Existing concrete drain pipe
Bridging Utilities with Silva Cells
Options for when utilities cannot be run through frames
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Silva Cells on either side of the pipe
Bridging Utilities with Silva Cells
Options for when utilities cannot be run through frames
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Geogrid installed around the inside perimeter of the opening for the pipe
*Geogrid is only installed to the top of the 1st layer of Silva Cells, allowing the roots to move freely through the upper layer of Silva Cells
Bridging Utilities with Silva Cells
Options for when utilities cannot be run through frames
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The opening for the pipe is filled with suitable backfill material up to the bottom of the upper layer of Silva Cell frames, and then compacted
Options for when utilities cannot be run through frames
Bridging Utilities with Silva Cells
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Finally, the opening for the pipe is filled in with Silva Cells so that there is no interruption in the upper level of the sytem
Bridging Utilities with Silva Cells
Options for when utilities cannot be run through frames
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Existing electrical conduits that in the way at the tree opening
Outline of tree opening
Options for when utilities cannot be run through frames
Bridging Utilities with Silva Cells
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Silva Cells are added at the top layer to support the tree opening
Bridging Utilities with Silva Cells
Options for when utilities cannot be run through frames
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A reinforced concrete slab can be used to bridge over utilities. DeepRoot has a standard detail for gaps up to 24” (600 mm)
Reinforced concrete slab
New or existing utility
24” max
Bridging Utilities with Small Concrete Slabs
Options for when utilities cannot be run through frames
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Custom designed concrete slabs can be used to bridge gaps larger than 24” (600 mm)
Custom reinforced concrete slab
Utility duct bank 1
Utility duct bank 2
Bridging Utilities with Custom Concrete Slabs
Options for when utilities cannot be run through frames
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Silva Cells
Duct Bank 1 (green)
Duct Bank 2 (blue)
Silva Cells
Reinforced concrete slab
Bridging Utilities with Custom Concrete Slabs
Options for when utilities cannot be run through frames
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Completed concrete slab
Bridging Utilities with Custom Concrete Slabs
Options for when utilities cannot be run through frames
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The City Of Toronto developed their own custom utility bridging detail for using removable precast concrete panels
Concrete header at back of curb to receive the panels on the street side
Concrete header poured at on the back side of the utility to receive panels supported by Silva Cells
Typical precast panel location
Bridging Utilities with Custom Concrete Slabs
Options for when utilities cannot be run through frames
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When utilities cannot be run through the frames, integrating them into the same excavation is an effective option
Limits of excavation
Utilities placed in same excavation
Running Utilities Outside of the System but in the Same Trench
Options for when utilities cannot be run through frames
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Telecommunication lines being installed as the Silva Cells are backfilled
Options for when utilities cannot be run through frames
Running Utilities Outside of the System but in the Same Trench
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New electrical duct bank installed along with the Silva Cells
Running Utilities Outside of the System but in the Same Trench
Options for when utilities cannot be run through frames
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Planning for the Future
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Planning for the future 39
Corridor between areas of Silva Cells for future utility expansion
Establish Utility Corridors for Future Expansion
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Extra ducts are added to an electric duct bank for future use
Add Future Capacity Where Possible
Planning for the future
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Planning can be as simple as adding a PVC sleeve for future use
PVC sleeve for future use
Planning for the future
Add Future Capacity Where Possible
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Marking where utilities run through the Silva Cell makes locating them in the future easier
Marking tape laid on top of the Silva Cells marks the location of lines running through the system
Mark Utility Locations
Planning for the future
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Electromagnetic style locators have been used successfully to locate utilities running through Silva Cells Ground-penetrating radar can also detect the limits of the Silva Cell system.
Locating equipment can still be used to locate utility lines once Silva Cells have been installed
Planning for the future
Use Locating Equipment
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Make Silva Cells a permanent part of the local underground utility notification network for future protection
Make Silva Cells Part of the Local One-Call Network
Planning for the future
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Directional boring can be used for future utility installations
Silva Cells
Planning for the future
Directional Boring
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Planning for the future 46
Boring head or Pneuma – gopher going in on one side
Boring head or Pneuma –gopher coming out the other side
Make Silva Cells Part of the Local One-Call Network
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Future Utility Installations and Repairs
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Future utility installations and repairs 48
1. Locate - Call Local One-Call Agency 2. Excavate - Excavate to level of geotextile - Expose geotextile fabric, cut and fold back, then remove decks - Use a Hydro-Vac or hand dig out soil from area of excavation 3. Repair or add service (lateral) 4. Replace Silva Cells - To replace Silva Cells follow Operations Manual procedures (see www.deeproot.com) 5. Replace permanent surfacing - Replace or patch paving
**for further details, see www.deeproot.com or call 415-781-9700**
Recommended Protocol For Utility Repairs and New Utility Installations
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Future utility installations and repairs 49
Planned water service installation Broadway Ave – mid block between Edmonton and Carlton Streets in Winnipeg, MB
Site of installation
Repair: Planned Water Service (Winnipeg, MB)
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Area of excavation
Repair: Planned Water Service (Winnipeg, MB)
Future utility installations and repairs
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The existing pavement is removed. In this case the existing pavers were salvaged for re -installment
The aggregate base is removed and the fabric covering the decks is cut and removed
Future utility installations and repairs
Repair: Planned Water Service (Winnipeg, MB)
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The Silva Cells are removed and the existing watermain exposed where the new connection will be
Adjacent stacks of Silva Cells remained in place
Existing watermain
Repair: Planned Water Service (Winnipeg, MB)
Future utility installations and repairs
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Once the new service is installed, the excavation is backfilled to the bottom of the Silva frames
Silva Cells
Future utility installations and repairs
Repair: Planned Water Service (Winnipeg, MB)
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The Silva Cells frames are re-installed and the existing irrigation and drain lines are run back through the cells
Existing irrigation
Existing drain Line
Repair: Planned Water Service (Winnipeg, MB)
Future utility installations and repairs
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The Silva Cell frames are filled with soil , the decks are attached and the geotextile fabric is patched
Silva Cell decks
Future utility installations and repairs
Repair: Planned Water Service (Winnipeg, MB)
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The aggregate base is replaced, a new curb is installed, and the salvaged pavers are reinstalled to complete the restoration
Area of installation after restoration
Repair: Planned Water Service (Winnipeg, MB)
Future utility installations and repairs
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Deeproot along with the City of Toronto and Toronto Hydro participated in a demonstration project that simulated an emergency water main repair scenario
Future utility installations and repairs
Repair: Simulated Emergency Water Main (Toronto, ON)
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Prior to constructing the Silva Cells, a PVC pipe was buried below the level of the Silva Cells to act as a watermain
A saw cut was made into the pipe to act like a break in the pipe
Repair: Simulated Emergency Water Main (Toronto, ON)
Future utility installations and repairs
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A typical Silva Cell system is constructed over the buried pipe
Future utility installations and repairs
Repair: Simulated Emergency Water Main (Toronto, ON)
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The planned “break” occurred on a bitterly cold day in January
Silva Cell system with concrete pavement now over the top
Riser pipe and hose connection to the pipe buried under the Silva Cells
Repair: Simulated Emergency Water Main (Toronto, ON)
Future utility installations and repairs
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A fire hose from a nearby hydrant was connected to the buried pipe via the riser pipe. When the hydrant was turned on, it flooded the area with water
*Due to the soil in the Silva Cells being loosely compacted, the water came to the surface very near to the location of the break rather than traveling underground
Future utility installations and repairs
Repair: Simulated Emergency Water Main (Toronto, ON)
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The pavement over the repair area was sawcut into panels and removed with a backhoe
Future utility installations and repairs
Repair: Simulated Emergency Water Main (Toronto, ON)
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The aggregate base was removed and the geotextile fabric over the Silva Cells cut out of the way, exposing the top of the Silva Cells
Future utility installations and repairs
Repair: Simulated Emergency Water Main (Toronto, ON)
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At this point, an effort could be made to salvage the Silva Cells for re use. However, since this simulated an emergency repair, time is of the essence. Therefore, the crew doesn’t stop and just digs right through the Silva Cells
Future utility installations and repairs
Repair: Simulated Emergency Water Main (Toronto, ON)
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Remember, Silva Cells are designed with a 1” to 3” gap between the frames and do not interlock horizontally. Therefore, the adjacent stacks of Silva Cells were not disturbed during the excavation.
Adjacent Silva Cells
Future utility installations and repairs
Repair: Simulated Emergency Water Main (Toronto, ON)
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The pipe was exposed and ready to be repaired in essentially the same time as it would be during a traditional repair.
*Note that the lightly compacted soil in the Silva Cells generally puts less downward pressure on the sides of the excavation than traditionally compacted soil which helps the excavation stay open better
Future utility installations and repairs
Repair: Simulated Emergency Water Main (Toronto, ON)
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There are two ways to approach restoring that area depending on the time frame in which the work must be completed and the available materials: 1. Restore the area temporarily at the time of the repair
and do the permanent restoration at a later date.
2. Restore the area permanently at the time of the repair using one of three permanent restoration options.
Future utility installations and repairs
Restoration Options
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When time is limited, the area can be quickly restored by backfilling the excavation with a lean concrete mix like U-fill or compacted aggregate and temporarily patching the pavement …
… Then at a later the date the area can be re excavated and restored permanently using one of three permanent restoration options.
Future utility installations and repairs
Restoration Options
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Option 1 – fill/compact the excavation to the bottom of the Silva Cells and re install new or salvaged frames and decks
Option 2 – fill/compact the excavation up to the bottom of the uppermost layer of Silva Cells and re install a single layer of frames and decks
Option 3 – fill/compact the excavation to the bottom of the Silva Cells, install geogrid around the perimeter of the remaining opening and fill with compacted soil, clear stone or U-fill (in the case of U-fill try to establish some link between adjacent soil volumes)
Future utility installations and repairs
Restoration Options
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Conclusion
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Conclusion 71
There are many options for integrating Silva Cells with both new and existing utilities. Plan for the future wherever possible. Planned and emergency repairs are not much different with Silva Cells and there are different restoration options available depending on the circumstances.
Conclusion