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Stefan Liersch, Fred F. Hattermann & Tobias Vetter
Potsdam Institute for Climate Impact Research
Integration of tropical and sub-tropical wetlands in regional catchment modelling
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OutlineIntroduction
Data and Methods The model systemData
Preliminary Results
Outlook
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The Project WeTwin
“Enhancing the role of wetlands in integrated water resources management for twinned river basins in EU, Africa and South-America in support of EU Water Initiatives”
Three wetlands in Europe, five in South-America and Africa:
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Location of the Study Sites
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Example: Niger Delta, gauge KoulikoroAnnual flow gauge Koulikoro
0
100000
200000
300000
400000
500000
600000
700000
800000
900000
year
1912
1918
1924
1930
1936
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1954
1960
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1972
1978
1984
1990
1996
2002
year
[m3
s-1]
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Flow regime under monsoon conditions
Flow regime is driven by precipitation / evapotranspiration!
Discharge Niger River
0
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2000
3000
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7000
8000
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1/07
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[m3
s-1]
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Why is it important to consider wetland processes in hydrological modelling?
Entire change in hydrological conditions,retention of water, nutrients etc. important
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OutlineIntroduction
Data and MethodsThe model systemData
Preliminary Results
Outlook
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BrandenburgElbe River Basin
Land use pattern & land management
Climate: solar radiation, temperature, & precipitation
Biomass
Roots
LAI
Crop/vegetation growth
Nitrogen cycle
Phosphorus cycle
N-NO3 No-ac No-st Nres
Plab Pm-ac Pm-st
Porg Pres
Hydrological cycle
Shallow groundwater
Deepgroundwater
BCS
oil p
rofil
e
A
for application in river basins and at the regional scale
Landbedeckung Landnutzung
Klima: Strahlung, Temperatur & Niederschlag
Biomasse
Wurzeln
LAI
Pflanzen-wachsum
Stickstoffkreilauf
Phosphorkreislauf
N-NO3 No-acNo-st Nres
Plab Pm-ac Pm-st
Porg Pres
Wasserkreislauf
Flaches Grundwasser
TiefesGrundwasser
BCB
oden
prof
il
A
Landbedeckung Landnutzung
Klima: Strahlung, Temperatur & Niederschlag
Biomasse
Wurzeln
LAI
Pflanzen-wachsum
Stickstoffkreilauf
Phosphorkreislauf
N-NO3 No-acNo-st Nres
Plab Pm-ac Pm-st
Porg Pres
Wasserkreislauf
Flaches Grundwasser
TiefesGrundwasser
BCB
oden
prof
il
A
Wasserkreislauf
Flaches Grundwasser
TiefesGrundwasser
BCB
oden
prof
il
A
Das Modell SWIM (Soil and Water Integrated Model)
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The wetland module - old
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Nitrate concentration in river(river Nuthe)
0
0.5
1
1.5
2
2.5
01/01/199301/07/199301/01/199401/07/199401/01/199501/07/199501/01/199601/07/199601/01/199701/07/199701/01/1998
[mg/
l]
0
0.5
1
1.5
2
2.5
Differenz [m
g/l]
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The old module did not consider flooding!
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The new flooding process - scheme
)()()( _*__ ttsimt velflowareacsQflowflood −=
)()()()()1()( _____ tttttt PCPPERCETflowfloodactvolindactvolind +−−+= −
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The new release process - scheme
[ ]
86400__ )(
)(tn
tstorage
actvolindQ α=
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Idea:Inundation zones are calculated using GIS, overlay with other layers
afterwards;
New hydrotope delineation accounting for the inundation zones;
Inundation zones are flooded step by step (according to the water volume).
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Data, data, data …
The quality of the DEM determines the quality of simulating the inundation zones.
Two global sources are available:• SRTM GDEM (~100 m resolution)• ASTER GDEM (~30 m resulution)
Remote sensing?
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OutlineIntroduction
Data and Methods The model systemData
Preliminary Results
Outlook
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First results: inundation areas
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First results: impacts of flooding
Effects of flooding
0
10
20
30
40
50
60
70
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90
01/0
1/19
82
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2/19
82
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82
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82
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01/0
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Dis
char
ge [m
3 s-
1]
Qsim no inudationQsim inundation starts with 10m³/sQsim inundation starts with 20m³/s
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Summary and ConclusionsFirst simulations not perfect but encouraging;
Much has still to be done:
• Variety of inundation zones;
• Numerical implementation of flow processes;
• Application to different real world conditions;
Important is still that the methodology should be applicable using regionally available data.
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Thank you very much!
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Naturräume in der Elbe
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GliederungEinführung
Daten und MethodenDas ModellsystemDatengrundlage
Erste ErgebnisseModellkalibrierung und -analyseWasserhaushalt unter Szenariobedingungen
Ausblick
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Kombination von Wasserdargebot und Wassermanagement
(Koch et al. 2009)(Conradt et al. 2006)
WBalMo: WassermanagementSWIM: Wasserdargebot
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ModuleMuldeSaaleBodeDroemlingWeisse ElsterElbeschlauchSchwarze ElsterHavelUntere Elbe
FeuchtgebieteBundeslaenderSeenFluesse
#Y Bilanzprofile
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Änderungen im Abfluss der Boode im Szenario A1b
Periode 2011-40
Periode 2071-00
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Räumliche disaggregation in SWIM
Einzugsgebiet Teileinzugs-gebiete
Hydrotope
Wasser-, N-, P-Kreisläufe, Pflan-wachstum
Flusslauf(Wasser, N, P,Sedimente)
Zusammen-Führung der lateralen Flüsse
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Lokale Wasserbilanz in Potsdam:
Niederschlag in Potsdam ~600mmVerdunstung in Potsdam ~500mmDer Rest (~100 mm) fließt über die Flüsse zum Meer
Daraus folgt: eine Niederschlagsänderung von 10%des Niederschlags oder der Verdunstung entsprichtca. 50% des Abflusses.
(25mm/a Niederschlag / Verdunstung entsprechen~110m3/s Abfluss am Elbepegel Neu Darchau)
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Häufigkeit (11-Jahre gleitendes Mittel) der Großwetterlagen vom Typ West-Zonal und Nord, Ost, Nordost, Südost für Dez. & Jan., 1881-2002 --------- “Westerly-zonal” (normalerweise feucht)- - - - - “North”, “East”, “Northeast”, “Southeast” (normalerweise trocken)(Bárdossy, personal communication, s. Bronstert & Kundzewicz 2007)
Häu
figke
it
Beobachtete Klimatrends in den letzten Jahrzehnten:Großwetterlagen in Europa