Download - Intro Occupational Safety and Health
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Occupational Safety Occupational Safety
and Healthand Healthand Healthand HealthJefferson C. Palma
11/22/14
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Objectives:
At the end of this session, participants will be able to
to:
Articulate a heightened awareness of the OSH
situation, both local and internationalsituation, both local and international
Identify the problems/issues associated with OSH
conditions in the country
Learn about different types of hazard controls
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International Injuries/Illnesses
317 million accidents with 2.3 million
fatalities/yr.
160 million new cases of work related
illnesses/yrillnesses/yr
Source: International Labor Organization 2010
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Philippine Labor Force
38.5 M workers of which 34M are employed
62% Males; 38% Females
15-24 years old 51.1%
25-54 years old 45% 25-54 years old 45%
55 years old and over 3.7%
Migrant Worker 8 M
Source: National Statistics Office
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Challenges
Building a Culture of Health and Safety
Including the Vulnerable workers
Showing the Links between productivity,
competitiveness and safety and health of competitiveness and safety and health of
workers.
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Competitiveness and Safety
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Hazard
What are Hazards?
- Capability of a substance or material to cause harm.
at Alone or Interacting With Other Factors Can With Other Factors Can Cause Harm
A Spill on the Floor
Broken Equipment
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Hazards
Types of Health Hazards
- Physical Agents: Noise, vibration, radiation, defective illumination, temperature, etc.
- Chemical Agents: dusts, gases, vapors, fumes, mists, tobacco, etc.
- Biological Agents: viruses, bacteria, fungi, parasites, insects, etc.
- Ergonomic: excessive standing, improper motions, lifting heavy load, etc.
- Psychosocial: drugs and alcohol, violence, sexual harrassment, organizational, organizational factors, discrimination, etc.
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CHEMICAL & DUST
HAZARDS
(cleaning products,
pesticides, asbestos, etc.)
BIOLOGICAL
HAZARDS
(mold, insects/pests,
communicable diseases, etc.)
ERGONOMIC
HAZARDS
(repetition, lifting, awkward
postures, etc.)
WORK WORK
ORGANIZATION
HAZARDS
Things that cause STRESS!
SAFETY HAZARDS
(slips, trips and falls, faulty
equipment, etc.)
PHYSICAL HAZARDS
(noise, temperature
extremes, radiation, etc.)
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Hazards
Physical Hazards (safety Hazards)
Heavy Load
Dangerous equipment and tools (no machine
guard, defective tools)guard, defective tools)
Flying objects
Temporary structures (poorly built scaffoldings)
Faulty electrical wiring
Poor Housekeeping
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Hazards
Forms of Chemical Hazards
Solids granules, pellets
Liquids spray soultions
Fumes heating lead ingots above melting point Fumes heating lead ingots above melting point
of lead (>330 C)
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Risk A measure of the probability and
severity of a hazard to harm human
health, property, or the environment
A measure of how likely harm is to occur A measure of how likely harm is to occur
and an indication of how serious the
harm might be
Risk Risk 00
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What Is An Accident?
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What Is An Accident?
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An Accident is:
a. An unexpected and undesirable event, especially one
resulting in damage or harm: car accidents on icy roads.
b. An unforeseen incident: A series of happy accidents led
to his promotion.
c. An instance of involuntary urination or defecation in c. An instance of involuntary urination or defecation in
one's clothing.
2. Lack of intention; chance: ran into an old friend by
accident.
3. Logic A circumstance or attribute that is not essential to
the nature of something.
http://www.thefreedictionary.com/accident
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Causes of Accidents Unsafe Conditions
Poorly maintained machinery or equipment.
Defective or missing personal protective equipment.
Unguarded machinery or equipment.
Missing or inadequate Missing or inadequate
warnings or safety and health
signs.
Lack of housekeeping.
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Unsafe Acts
Conduct work operations without
prior training
Block or remove safety devices.
Clean, lubricate, or repair
Causes of Accidents
Clean, lubricate, or repair
equipment while its in operation.
Working without protection in
hazardous places.
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Hierarchy of Controls
Requires a physical change to the
workplace
Elimination/Substitution
Most Effective
Requires worker to
wear something
Requires worker or employer
to do something
Least Effective
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CONTROLS: EngineeringCONTROLS: Engineering
CONTROL AT THE SOURCE!
Limits the hazard but doesnt entirely remove it.
Other Examples:Mechanical Guards
Wet Methods for Dust
Local ExhaustLocal Exhaust
Wet Methods for Dust
Enclosures/Isolation
Dilution Ventilation
Proper Proper
equipmentequipment ReRe--designed Toolsdesigned Tools
Image: by Kare_Products
Image: by JohnRH4's photostream
Image: by purpleslogs photostream
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CONTROLS: AdministrativeCONTROLS: Administrative
Aimed at Reducing Employee Exposure to Hazardsbut Not Removing Them!
Changes in work procedures such as:
Written safety policies/rules Written safety policies/rules
Schedule changes, such as: Lengthened or Additional Rest Breaks Job Rotation Adjusting the Work Pace
Training with the goal of reducing the duration, frequency and severity of exposure to
hazards
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CONTROLS: PPECONTROLS: PPE
Personal Protective Equipment Personal Protective Equipment
Control of LAST RESORT!Control of LAST RESORT!
Special Clothing
Eye Protection
Hearing Protection
Respiratory Protection
21CONTROL IS AT THE WORKER!
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Occupational Safety
A specified field within OSH concerned with
the prevention and control of work-related
accidents, injuries, illnesses and other
similarly caused harmful events.similarly caused harmful events.
These events may result in property damage,
business interruption and environmental
pollution.
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Case Study
Shipping Company (DOLE reports from 2008 to 2009)
Accidents (1120) resulting in over 30 deaths in one
of the biggest shipping companies in the Philippines
employing some 15,000 persons.employing some 15,000 persons.
Most deaths occurred in construction of ships and
the shipyard while carrying out welding and cutting
works, roof works, masonry, materials handling,
maintenance, heavy equipment, operation and steel
works.
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Case StudyCase Study
Upon inspection the following were noted.
Heavy equipment (minimum weight of 1000kgs and 10 hp rating) were not tested and certified
Not all workers were given safety orientation prior to deployment to work
Gas cylinders were stored in temporary storage areas within the construction site, however, these gas cylinders had no chains. One worker was smoking near the gas cylinders.was smoking near the gas cylinders.
The safety managers claimed that all their PPEs were provided by a certified body from Korea, but not hard hats and safety belts of the sub contractors.
Some workers complained of worn out safety shoes and working clothes; not all workers in the construction area were wearing safety shoes; some workers were simply wearing undershirts sandos and rubber shoes.
A welder working at height was not using body harness or safety belt
Transferring to another location.
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Case StudyCase Study
Guide Questions:
What would have been the reasons for the
death of the workers?death of the workers?
What safety hazard have you noted?
What unsafe acts and unsafe conditions did
you note?