Download - Intro to matter good
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What is matter?What is matter?
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• MatterMatter–Has mass and volumeHas mass and volume–Made up of atomsMade up of atoms–Examples:Examples:
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• Not Matter– No mass, no volume– Examples: Light, Sound, Electricity
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• Atoms– General name for the smallest particle that
still has properties of an element– Composed of
• Protons• Neutrons• Electrons
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Phases of Matter
Solids Liquids Gases
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Changes in State (Physical Change)
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• Elements– Elements consists of only one type of atoms– Atom with specific # of protons– Has a Name
• 6 protons Carbon • 8 protons Oxygen
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• Each element has its own propertiesEach element has its own properties
– Carbon Carbon melting point 3550 melting point 3550°C°C
– Oxygen Oxygen melting point -218°C melting point -218°C
– Hydrogen Hydrogen melting point -259°C melting point -259°C
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Oxygen freezing point -218°C
Hydrogen freezing point -259°C
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• Capital letter – Symbol that denotes an element always
capitalized
O H C P F N
Na Cl Mg Be Li Si
NaCl HNO SiO
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Met
als
Non-M
etalAll element are listed here …
Metalloids
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Metals are:Metals are:• MalleableMalleable
– Mean that it can hammered into Mean that it can hammered into shapes.shapes.
• DuctileDuctile– Can be drawn into wiresCan be drawn into wires
• LustreLustre– Shiny when rubbed with sandpaper.Shiny when rubbed with sandpaper.
• Solids at room temperature.Solids at room temperature.
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Non-metals
• There are 17 elements who make up non-metals.
• Except for Hydrogen, they all appear on the right hand side of the Periodic Table.
• They can be solid, liquids or gases.
• When solid, they are usually brittle (it means that it crumbles).
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Metalloids
• Metalloids have both metal and non metal qualities.
• There are 8 element.
• They are often used in semiconductors and therefore extensively used in electronics and computers.
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• Compounds are
– Two or more different elements chemically combined
– They are a lot more common and there are millions of them.
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• Subscript– Number of atoms of the element– Always after the symbol
O2 H2
H2O HNO3 CO2
C6H12O6
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Do you want to make some compounds?
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8E Making marvellous molecules!
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Compounds are a result of a chemical change or reaction.
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A chemical change happened when:
1. A gas gets formed.
2. Energy is given off.
3. Apparent change of mass.
4. Permanent colour change.
5. Formation of a precipitate.
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Reaction Rates are increased by:
• An increase in temperature.
• Smaller particle size.
• The more concentrated the reactant.
• Using a catalyst.– A catalyst is a chemical that are not
consumed in the reaction but caused the reaction rate to increase.
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pure substances
ormixtures
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• Pure substancesPure substances– Fixed compositionFixed composition– Definite propertiesDefinite properties– Cannot by separated by physical actionsCannot by separated by physical actions– ElementsElements– CompoundsCompounds
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• Pure substance examples
O H C
H2O HNO3 CO2
C6H12O6
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• Mixtures
–Blend of 2 or more pure substances
–All properties remain in mixture
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Solvents
• It a liquid in which you dissolve something
• Water is the most common solvent
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Solutions
• Is a liquid with which has a Is a liquid with which has a substance substance completely completely dissolved dissolved in it.in it.
• Is a liquid with which has a Is a liquid with which has a substance substance completely completely dissolved dissolved in it.in it.
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Suspensions
• It is a mixture with large enough particles that are visible in the liquid.
• These visible particles are called sediments.
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Its time to concentrate
• Diluted
• Concentrated
• Saturated
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Colloids
• Colloids are liquids with more than one substance spread evenly through it.
• They differ from suspensionssuspensions in that they contain smallersmaller particles.
• They differ from solutionssolutions in that they contain largerlarger particles.
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Emulsions
• Emulsions are a type of Colloids
• It occurs when tiny droplets of one liquid is spread evenly throughout the liquid.
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Separating mixturesSeparating mixturesDecanting
MagneticEvaporation
Sieving
FiltrationRe-crystallisation
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Separating complex mixtures
We use distillation
when one liquid is
dissolved in another.
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Acids & Bases
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AcidsAcids
1. Taste sour1. Taste sour
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4. Turns Blue litmus paper
to RED
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bases1. tastes bitter
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3. Turns Red litmus paper
to BLUE
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pH Scale