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Introduction to Geographic InformationSystems Spring 2013 (INF 385T-28437)
Dr. David Arctur
Lecturer, esearch !e""o#$niversity of %e&as at Austin
Lecture 1 'an 1(, 2013
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Who am I?…or at least, where have I been?
University of Texas at Austin Research Fellow, Jackson School of Geosciences Lecturer, iSchool
Open Geospatial onsortiu! "OG#
$irector, %nteropera&ility 'ro(ra!s )**+)*-) .e!&er/$ele(ate -001)**+
LaserScan, 2sri, OG %nteropera&ility%nstitute
University of Flori3a, Gainesville 'h$ Ur&an 'lannin( -004
Thesis re5 G%S with a3aptive, o&6ectoriente33ata&ase
https://gsites.google.com/site/dkarctur 2INF38
5T(28437) – Spring 2013 – Lecture 1
https://gsites.google.com/site/dkarcturhttps://gsites.google.com/site/dkarcturhttps://gsites.google.com/site/dkarcturhttps://gsites.google.com/site/dkarctur
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3
Our social fabric is evolving…
In relationship with our environment
Who can say what’s to be done?
Nat ur a
l Resour ces
B i o d i v e r s i t y
o l l u
t i o n
! l i m
a t e ! h a
n g e
" l o b
a l i #
e d
$ c o n o m y
o p u l a t
i o n % & r b
a n i # a
t i o n
' c i e n
c e
( e c h n o l o
g y
7hose %ssues Are These5
'opulation 3yna!icsSocial e8uity issuesSustaina&le 3evelop!entGlo&ali9ation of resource
!(!t, pro3uction : tra3 Toxic waste 3isposalFresh water availa&ility
2ner(y supplies an3 3e!an3INF385T(28437) – Spring 2013 – Lecture 1
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Overall Course Objectives
;asic un3erstan3in( of G%S capa&ilities :tools ArcG%S -*what it is, why it !atters, an3 how to (et it
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%n3ex to .arine an3 Lacustrine Geolo(ical Sa!ples "%.LGS# 3ata&ase<Sa!ple locations 3isplaye3 in Arctic pro6ection, July -4, )*-)
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Index to Marine and Lacustrine Geological Samples (IMLGS) database. Sample
locations displayed in Mercator projection, July !, "#"
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Outline for today
G%S overview G%S 3ata an3 layers G%S applications an3 exa!ples Software overview ourse software : exercise ?les setup
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GIS OVERVIEW
Lecture 1
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What is GIS?
Geo(raphic %nfor!ation Syste!s "G%S# areco!puteri9e3 syste!s 3esi(ne3 for thestora(e, retrieval an3 analysis of(eo(raphically reference3 3ata
G%S uses a3vance3 analytical tools toexplore at a scienti?c level the spatialrelationships, patterns, an3 processes ofcultural, &iolo(ical, 3e!o(raphic,econo!ic, (eo(raphic, an3 physicalpheno!ena
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S.America map by Diego Guierre!"#5$2
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%oday
Ara" Sea, $)*e+istan
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2012 National Election Results
http5//www
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e*-*ased GIS or"d ater/n"inehttp://worldwateronline.org
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G"o*a" arth /*servation System of SystemsG/SShttp://earthobservations.org
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Tools for GIS
=ar3ware o!puter
$i(iti9er
Scanner
'rinter/'lotter
Software $esktop G%S
%nternet G%S
A$ Software
$ata&ase Software .ulti!e3ia "photos, vi3eos, @$ !o3els#
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Unique capabilities of GIS
G%S stores relate3 (eo(raphicfeatures in separate collections of?les calle3 !ap layers
.ap layers can &e reuse3 easily an3asse!&le3 into any nu!&er of !apco!positions an3 overlai3 foranalysis
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GIS answers the following
Location5 7hat is at
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Scale of GIS data
Glo&al to local
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Vector data
ap features 'oints, lines, poly(ons
!eature attri*utes 2very feature has attri&utes "e
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Raster Data
Store3 electronic i!a(eor picture taken as anaerial photo(raph orsatellite i!a(e
o!pose3 of a rectan(ular array ofs8uare cells, calle3 pixels, with a
nu!&er in each cell representin( thesoli3 color ?ll of that cell
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GIS DATA AND LAYERS
Lecture 1
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GIS example
%3entify pollutin( co!panies an3 theirproxi!ity to populations in poverty, waterfeatures, or schools<
Start with $ata&ases
.ap layers
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Databases
Cot easy to interpret
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Data shown as GIS layers
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Additional layers
'hysical features "lakes, rivers, etc
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Additional layers
A3!inistrative 3ata "schools#
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Maps and tables are interactive
%3entify features
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Maps and tables are interactive
Select features
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Advanced GIS functions
'roxi!ity selections
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Advanced GIS functions
;uers Select top pollutin( co!panies an3 show the nu!&er of
schools within ) !iles of these co!panies<
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G%S applications
A445 ivil en(ineerin(, surveyin(<
6usiness Site location, 3elivery syste!s, !arketin(, !e3iaan3 press, real estate<
Defense4inte""igence .ilitary operations, (eospatial intelli(ence
Geosciences Geolo(y, (eophysics, tectonics, oceano(raphy,BBB
Government Fe3eral, state, local, econo!ic 3evelop!ent,elections, ur&an an3 re(ional plannin(<
7ea"th 'u&lic health, health an3 hu!an services, hospitals,!ana(e3 care, research<
8atura" resources A(riculture, archaeolo(y, cli!ate chan(e,conservation, environ!ental !ana(e!ent, forestry,!arine an3 coast, !inin(, petroleu!, waterresources<
9u*"ic safety o!puterAi3e3 $ispatch, e!er(ency/3isaster!ana(e!ent, 2.S, ho!elan3 security, lawenforce!ent, ?re protection, wil3?re !ana(e!ent
%ransportation Aviation, hi(hways, lo(istics, railways, ports an3!ariti!e, pu&lic transit
$ti"ities4communicati
ons
2lectric, (as, pipeline, teleco!!unications,water/wastewater
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Neuroscience: brain atlases
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SOFTWARE OVERVIEW
Lecture 1
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ArcMap (Desktop GIS)
Ta&le of contents
Toolstool&ar
%3entifyresultswin3ow
.ap3ocu!entwin3ow
Stan3ar
3tool&ar
.ain!enu
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Map documents
"
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Tutorial 1-1.mxd
Two layers USities "re3 points, restricte3 to !a6or cities# USStates "yellow poly(ons#
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Geodatabases
The (eo3ata&ase is a IcontainerI use3 tohol3 a collection of 3atasets "G%S features,ta&les, raster i!a(es, etc#<
5ountry "ayer
Graticu"e "ayer
or"d.gd*
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ArcCatalog
Arran(es an3 !ana(es (eo(raphicinfor!ation in workspace fol3ers an3(eo3ata&ases<
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ArcToolbox
A3vance3 tools
with for!&ase3
input &y users
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GIS TUTORIAL 1OVERVIEW
Lecture 1
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9art I $sing and ma+ing maps
hapter -5 %ntro3uction Learn the &asics of workin( with existin( G%S 3ata an3 !aps
hapter )5 .ap 3esi(n Learn how to create choropleth an3 point !aps
hapter @5 G%S outputs Learn how to &uil3 an3 export !aps usin( G%S 3ata
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9art II or+ing #ith spatia" data
hapter E5 File (eo3ata&ases Learn how to create (eo3ata&ases an3 i!port 3ata into the!
hapter 5 Spatial 3ata 2xplores the &asic 3ata types use3 within G%S an3 then shows
how to use the %nternet to (ather G%S 3ata
hapter 45 $i(iti9in( Learn how to 3i(iti9e vector 3ata an3 transfor! 3ata to !atch
realworl3 coor3inates
hapter 15 Geoco3in(
Learn how to !ap a33ress 3ata as points throu(h the(eoco3in( process
hapter +5 Geoprocessin( 'erfor! spatial analysis usin( (eoprocessin( tools
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9art III Learning advanced GISapp"ications
hapter 05 Spatial analysis 'erfor! spatial analysis usin( (eoprocessin( tools an3 analysis
workKow !o3els
hapter -*5 ArcG%S @$ analyst %ntro3uces ArcG%S @$ Analyst, allowin( users to create @$
scenes, con3uct Kythrou(h ani!ations, an3 con3uct lineofsi(ht stu3ies
hapter --5 ArcG%S spatial analyst %ntro3uces ArcG%S Spatial Analyst for creatin( an3 analy9in(
raster !aps, inclu3in( hillsha3es, 3ensity !aps, site suita&ility
surfaces, an3 risk in3ex surfaces
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Chapter structure
Tutorials .ultiple tutorials in every chapter
%nclu3e step&y step exercises
Dour turns Reinforce the skills learne3 in the step&ystep exercises
A3vance3 assi(n!ents Foun3 at the en3 of each chapter<
'rovokes critical pro&le!solvin( skills
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GIS ld
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GIS tutorial data
$ata 2SR%'ressG%ST-$ata
.ap layers, (eo3ata&ases,3ata ta&les, etc<
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GIS ild
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GIS tutorial data
.aps 2SR%'ressG%ST-.aps
.ap 3ocu!ents
Startin( place for tutorials
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GIS ild
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GIS tutorial data
.yAssi(n!ents 2SR%'ressG%ST-.yAssi(n!ents
Location to save en3 of chapter assi(n!ents
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GISttildt
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GIS tutorial data
.y2xercises 2SR%'ressG%ST-.y2xercises
Location to save tutorial exercises
Finishe3 exercises are solutions to tutorialexercises
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Summary
G%S overview G%S 3ata an3 layers G%S applications an3 exa!ples
Software overview G%S Tutorial - overview