Download - Introduction of Physics
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Base and derived quantities
There two types:
•Base quantities
•Derived quantities
A base quantity is physical quantity which cannot be defined in term of other physical quantity
A derived quantity is a physical quantity. produced from combination of base quantities.
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• Physical quantities are related to one another by mathematical equations, for example:
• velocity = displacement / time.
• Some physical quantities are chosen as base quantities. Other physical quantities are obtained from the base quantities using the appropriate algebraic relationships and these are called derived quantities .
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Physical QuantitySymbol for the Quantity
length l
mass m
time t
electric current I
thermodynamic temperature
T
luminous intensity Iv
amount of substance n
Base Quantity
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BASE UNITS
Physical Quantity Name of Unit Symbol
length metre m
mass kilogram kg
time second s
electric current ampere A
temperature kelvin K
luminous intensity
candela cd
amount of substance
mole mol
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SOME EXAMPLES OF DERIVED SI UNITS
Physical Quantity SI Unit Symbol
area square metre m2
volume cubic metre m3
densitykilogram per cubic metre
kg.m-3
speedmetre per second
m.s-1
accelerationmetre per second squared
m.s-2
concentrationmole per cubic metre
mol.m-3
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SOME DERIVED SI UNITS WITH SPECIAL NAMES
Physical Quantity Name of Unit Symbol
energy joule J
force newton N
pressure pascal Pa
power watt W
electric charge coulomb C
electric potential difference
volt V
electric resistance ohm W
frequency hertz Hz
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PREFIXES
• Prefixes are used to represent physical quantities which are very big or very small in SI units.
• Prefixes correspond to powers of 10
• Each prefix has a specific name
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• The table show list of prefixes with its multiplication factor.
• Students are required to memorize all prefixes start from pico until the tera.
Prefixes
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Prefixes SI PrefixesPrefixes Symbol Multiple
PicoNanoMicroMilliCentiDeciKiloMegaGigaTera
pnµmcdkMGT
x10-12
x10-9
x10-6
x10-3
x10-2
x10-1
x103
x106
x109
x1012
• The prefixes can be used with any base units
• They are multipliers of the base unit
• Examples:
– 1 mm = 10-3 m
– 1 mg = 10-3 gMemorise all this Prefixes !!!!
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Convert single number to standard form
STEP
1.Copy the digit but not digit of zero
2.Place the decimal point after first digit
3.Multiply with a power of ten4.Find the exponent of ten
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Given:4,750,000
4.75 (moved 6 decimal places)
answer: 4.75 X 106
The original number was greater than 1 so the exponent is positive.
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Given:0.000789
7.89 (moved 4 decimal places)
answer:7.89 x 10-4
The original number was less than 1 so the exponent is
negative.
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Examples:
• The height of Mount Everest = 8848 m. Convert the height of Mount Everest into standard form.
Answer : 8.848 X 103
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Answer
a. 0.0093
b. 0.000002
c. 3,013,000,000
d. 12,000,000,000
e. 130,000,000,000,000
Convert single number to standard form
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Single numberStandard Form
a. 0.0093 9.3x10-3
b. 0.000002 2.0x10-6
c. 3,013,000,000 3.013x109
d. 12,000,000,000 1.2x1010
e. 130,000,000,000,000 1.3x1014
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• Move decimal point to right for positive exponent of 10.
• Move decimal point to left for negative exponent of 10.
To Change from Standard Form to
Single Number:
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Examples:
Given: 5.024 x 103
answer: 5,024 (3 places to right)
Positive exponent move decimal to the right.
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Given:1.015 x 10-8
(8 places to left)answer: 0.00000001015
Negative exponent move decimal to the left.
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Answer
Standard form
a. 1.3x10-5
b. 9.43 x10-4
c. 3.423 x107
d. 3.23 x106
e. 6.003 x109
to Single number
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Answer
Standard Form Single number
1.3 x10-5 0.000013
9.43 x10-4 0.000943
3.423 x107 34,230,000
3.23 x106 3,230,000
6.003 x109 6,003,000
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Summary
To express a positive number greater than or equal 1 to 10 in the standard form the given number can be express as A x10n ,where n is positive
To express a positive number less than 1 in standard form, the given number can be express as A x10n , where n is negative
Express single number to standard form
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To convert a number given in the form to single number, see whether n is positive or negative.
If n positive, shift the decimal point n places to the rightIf n negative, shift the decimal point n places to the left
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Kena tahu cara tukar unit suatu kuantiti kepada unit yang lain
Misalnya, diketahui 1 kg = 103 g, 1 cm = 10-2 m. Ketumpatan aluminium adalah 2.70 g/cm3.
Express the density of Aluminum in kg/m3. 2.70 g/cm3 = 2.70 (10-3 kg)/(10-2 m)3
= 2.7 (10-3/ 10-6) kg/m3
=2.7 x 103 kg/m3
Unit Conversion
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Example:
530pF is equal to?
Solution:
530 pF = 530 x 10-12 F
530 pF = 5.30 x 102 x 10-12
= 5.3 x 102+(-12)
= 5.3 x 10-10
Prefix p is equivalent to 10-12
So convert 530 into standard form
ab x ac = ab+c
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Next example…..Q: Convert 100 cm3 to m3
Solution:
• we already know c = 10-2
• 100 x 10-2 m3 ( this answer is wrong)
• In this case:
cm3 = (cm)3
= (10-2m)3
= 10-6m3
100cm3 = 100 x 10-6m3
= 1x 10-4m3 (ni baru betul..)