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INTRODUCTION TO AUTONOMOUS SHIPS IN TRONDHEIM
Ørnulf Jan Rødseth MScSenior Scientist, SINTEF Ocean ASGeneral Manager, Norwegian Forum for Unmanned Ship
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From January 2017, a merger of:- MARINTEK
- SINTEF Fisheries and Aquaculture
- SINTEF Environmental Chemistry
Not-for-profit, independent
Contract research
360 employees
SINTEF Ocean
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Scandinavia's largest independent research organization
75Nationalities
4000Customers
2000Employees
USD 390 millionRevenues
USD 60 millionInternational sales
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Applied research, technology and innovation
Buildings andinfrastructure
DigitalizationClimate and environment
Industry
Oil and gas
Ocean space
Society
Micro-, nano- and biotechnology
Health and welfare Transport
Renewable energy Materials
Expertise from ocean space to outer space:
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The fourth shipping revolution is on
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1800 1900 1970 2010
1. MechanizedPower
2. MassProduction
3. ComputerizedControl
4. Shipping 4.0
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Shipping 4.0
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Data Analytics
MANAGEMENT HQ
PERFORMANCE• TCI Efficiency• TCI Balance• TCI Degradation
TeCoMan
Ship Performance Registrations
Report: Performance Assessment / Support
SHIP
Internet ofServices at Sea
Internet of Things at Sea
Simulation and Optimization
Robotics andAutonomy
© SINTEF Ocean
Augmented reality
Shipping4.0
Computation
Cyber-physical systems
Cyber Security
Open systemintegration
Engine Cargo
Reporting
FW/GW
ProcessLayer
AdministrativeLayer
AutomationNavigation
Administrative
Infotainment
Accomodation
Energy management
FW/GW
ISCLayer
Crewing
Performance monitoring
INS
FW/GW
FW/GW
Fire alarm
SafetyFW/GW
InstrumentLayer
Safety Management
ECDIS
Integrated Ship Control (ISC)
Possible game changers in Shipping 4.0:
• Digitalization of commercial shipping processes
• Autonomous and unmanned ships
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Autonomous ships in Norway
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Exxon Valdez Oil Spill Trustee Council
Fewer large oil spills
Lower emissions New ship types
Less dangerous exposure for crewWikmedia Commons
Less damage related costsMAIB, UK
Why autonomous ships ?
Lower costs ?
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Types of autonomous ships – manning levels
Unmanned Surface Vehicle: USV (Small)
Continuously UnmannedShip : CUS
Periodically Unmanned Bridge : PUB
Autonomous Surface Vehicles
Maritime Autonomous Surface Ship: MASS
Periodically Unmanned Ship : PUS
Autonomy AssistedBridge: AAB
Ship type Always on Bridge Available on Ship Never on Bridge
AAB x
PUB x
PUS x
CUS x
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Completely unmanned gives largest benefits!No accommodationLess powerMore cargo
No crew No crew related costs
NCE Maritime Clean Tech & NCL
Enables completely new ship concepts
No safety equipmentNew constructions
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A Shore Control Centre (SCC) is normally needed
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Operational autonomy levels
Decision support
Automatic
Constrained autonomy
Full autonomy
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Why Norway?
Maritim Verdiskapingsbok 2015, Maritimt Forum, Norge
14% of value creation from businesses38 % of export (ex HC)
Still a big role in inland cargo transport –that needs to be increased
TØI rapport 1454/2015
Kartgrunnlag: Kartverket
Coast: 100 000 kmMainland: 85 000 kmSea border: 2650 km
A complete maritime cluster.
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Why not unmanned ships?
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More advanced and expensive control systems
New detectors in IR and daylight video.Improved radars.
Sensor fusion and classification: AIS, Radar and video.
Automation 1
Automation 2
Navigation 1
Navigation 2 ASC
FW/GW
FW/GW
MainSatCom
BackupSatCom
FWG
FWG
FWG
FWG
RCUGeneral ship system redundancy and communication systems integration.
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Hostile (cyber) attacks
• Terrorist hijack e.g. by GPS spoofing
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• Pirate attack
• Governmental backdoor
IMO
Wikimedia.org/Caricato da Makki98
University of Texas at Austin
No one to ransom, difficult to stealStowaways is a problem!
Ship Space segmentUplink Downlink Internet SCCEarth station
Ship VDES data link Trunk VTSShore station
Ship VDES data link Ship
• Communication system attacks
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Legal and liability issues
• UNCLOS
• SOLAS
•Contracts
•Insurance
•Liabilitywikimedia.org/paolodefalco75
Easier to do this in national waters.
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"Autonomy assisted accidents"
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First radar assisted collision: Andrea Doriaand Stockholm off Nantucket in 1956
Some new accidents are probably unavoidable. Question is the totality!
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No maintenance on board
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© Rolls Royce Plc
Minimize systems onboard
DNV Quantum
Sea Star Lines
Redundancy
No heavy fuel oil
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New infrastructure on shore
Loading and discharge of cargoMampaey.com
Tugs, docking, mooringShore control, VTS interfaceKystverket
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Cost-benefit• No hotel
• No crew
• Improved efficiency
• Less off-hire
• New business model
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• Dual propulsion, no HFO• Shore Control Centre• Longer dockings• Costlier instruments• Existing business model
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So, what is going on?
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MUNIN: A concept study for a fully unmanned handymax dry bulk carrier on intercontinental voyage.
• Duration: 01.09-2012 – 31.08.2015
• Funding: 2.9 million EUR of budget 3.8 million EUR
• Activity code: SST.2012.5.2-5: E-guided vessels - the 'autonomous' ship
23 http://www.unmanned-ship.org/munin/
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NTNU AMOS
• Supported by Norwegian Research Council
• Norwegian "Centre of Excellence"
• Established 2013
• Planned for 10 years
• Total budget approx. EUR 80 million
https://www.ntnu.edu/amos
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Test area Trondheimsfjorden• Established September 30th 2016
• Industry, university, research• Port of Trondheim• Norwegian Maritime Administration• Norwegian Coastal Administration
• Area covers Trondheimsfjorden
• Permits• Instrumentation and communication• Exchange of experience
http://navtar.no/
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Norwegian Forum for Autonomous Ships• Established October 4th 2016• Operated as a joint industry project at SINTEF Ocean.• General Manager is Mr. Ørnulf Jan Rødseth.• A board of governors overseeing operations. General assembly
approves budgets and strategies.• 40 Institutional Members
• Including Industry, authorities, class, insurance research, universities, ports …• 2 other institutions as personal members
http://nfas.autonomous-ship.org
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Norwegian authorities are positive
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Some ongoing projects
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Yara Birkeland
• Yara fertilizer
• Kongsberg partner
• Replaces 40 000 truck trips a year
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Autonomous Ship Transport at Trondheimsfjorden (ASTAT)
• Short voyages
• 12-50 TEU
• Inland, fjords/sheltered
• Low cost: Wait in port
• Legs 4-12 hours
• Port cranes
• Automated berthing
• Batteries
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• On-demand passenger ferry
• Max 12 persons + bicycles
• Electrical propulsion, battery
• Inductive charging at quay
Linking center of Trondheim to seaside and rail station
Milli-Ampere
Source: Samferdselsfoto
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GREEN COASTAL SHIPPING PROGRAMMEPilot 8: AUTONOMOUS COASTAL CONTAINER FEEDER
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Hrönn: Unmanned offshore vessel
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- Light-duty, offshore utility ship- Commissioned in 2017, in operation 2018- Initially for man in the loop applications- Tested in Trondjemsfjorden test area
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Deep sea is feasible, but not first mover ?
• 10 000 TEU container vessel
• Shanghai – Los Angles• Two states involved
• 6000 nm, open sea
• No channels
• Short port approach
• Remote control to port
• Dual propulsion systems
• Two stroke diesels
• Biofuel, methanol …
… but, autonomous ships are not
conventional ships without crew.
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External factors may help !
Subsidies: NOx-fundImage: Norlines
Public infrastructure investments International legislation
Regional restrictions: HFO in ArcticBlack swans: Cost of new energy carriersImage: HFO Free Arctic
Image: Kongsberg/Yara
Green businesses
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International activities
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National and international strategy
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International Forum for Autonomous Ships
• Agreed on at meeting in Oslo Oct. 30th 2017
• Hosted by NFAS and SINTEF Ocean
• 22 participants at meeting
• Two more correspondents38
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Bilateral agreements
Research project on test area development
• April 1st 2017 to December 31st 2019
• SINTEF Ocean + KMOU + ETRI
• Funded by Korea
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Memorandum of Understanding signed 21st October 2017:
• Conference Of Great Lakes And St. Lawrence Governors And Premiers
• The Marine Autonomy Coalition
• NFAS
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Conclusions
• Shipping 4.0 is possible game changer in autonomy and digitalization.
• Autonomous ships is an important strategic area in Norway and SINTEF Ocean.
• Unmanned ships are “constrained autonomous”
• International cooperation is required and ongoing!
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Full speed ahead!
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Technology for a better society