Introduction to Biology IIBiology 1312

Dr. Brad Hoge

Spring 2007

Vertebrates

Chordata

Chordate Characteristics

• Notochord

• Hollow Dorsal Nerve Cord

• Pharyngeal Slits

• Muscular, Postanal Tail

Invertebrate Chordates

• Urochordata

• Cephalochordata

Vertebrates

Jawless Vertebrates

• Myxini (Hagfishes)

• Cephalaspidomorhi (Lampreys)

• Ostracoderms

Condrychthyes

Osteichthyes

Fishes

• Ray-Finned Fish (Actinopterygii)

• Lobe-Finned Fish (Actinistia)

• Lung Fish (Dipnoi)

Tetrapods

Amphibia

• Urodela

• Anura

• Apoda

Amniotes

• Synapsids

• Anapsids

• Diapsids

– Lepidosaurs– Archosaurs

Reptile Groups

• Early Anapsids

• Marine Reptiles

• Dinosaurs

• Pterosaurs

Modern Reptiles

• Testudines

• Sphenodontia

• Squamata

• Crocodilia

Birds

Wings and Feathers

Origin of Birds

Mammals

• Monotremes

• Marsupials

• Placentals

Primates

Humans

To Be Human

• Brain Size

• Jaw Shape

• Bipedal Posture

• Reduced Dimorphism

• Social Structure