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Introduction to Cloud ComputingIntroduction to Cloud Computing
Zsolt NéZsolt NémethmethMTA SZTAKIMTA SZTAKI
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As it started
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Gartner’s Hype Cycle on Emerging Technologies 2011
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Current trends
Cloud computing
Grid Computing
Distributed Computing
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Gartner’s Hype Cycle on Emerging Technologies 2012
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Concepts and definitionsConcepts and definitions
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Dreams and Concepts
Cost-effectiveUtility computing
Easy access to resources Self-service
Pay-as-you-go
Cut administration & maintenance
Power efficiency
Improve resource utilisation
Use available resources
Software as a service
Reduced HW investments Reduced personnel cost
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Driving forces: commerce
• Strong industrial needs and driving forces– Improve resource utilisation– Use available resources efficiently– Save energy– Decrease cost
• Consumer needs– Cost effectiveness– Easy access to resources– Pay-as-you-go– No initial investments– Self-service
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Why Cloud?
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• Provides services– Resources, applications, tools– Large-scale, heterogeneous,
economic, mobile, green
• Unaware where it is• Unaware what it is actually• Unaware how it is realized• Unaware of its size
The cloud is „something”
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Misconcepts
• Always available• Infinite resources• High performance• Minimal costs• Green infrastructure• Scalability, elasticity• Accessible
• These must be relatively assessed
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Real characteristics
• An economic model for resource– Provisioning– Management
• Realizes utility computing• Elastic• Increased availability and reliability• Improved accessibility – ease of use• Reduced cost
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Cloud characteristics
Technology Business Social / Legal Other
Elasticity / Scalability
Outsourcing Security Multi-tenancy
Virtualisation Pay per use Provenance Ease of Use
Agility & adaptability
Resource utilisation Privacy
Availability Energy efficiency
Data Management Cost efficiency
Reliability Accounting
Programmability
K. Jeffery and B. Neidecker-Lutz: „Advances in Clouds – Research in Future Cloud Computing”. Expert Group Report, 2012.
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Relation to other areas
K. Jeffery and B. Neidecker-Lutz: „Advances in Clouds – Research in Future Cloud Computing”. Expert Group Report, 2012.
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An “official” definition
A 'cloud' is an elastic execution environment of resources involving multiple stakeholders and providing a metered service at multiple granularities for a specified level of quality (of service).
L. Schubert, K. Jeffery and B. Neidecker-Lutz: „The Future of Cloud Computing, Opportunities for European Cloud Computing beyond 2010”. Expert Group Report, 2010.
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Another “official” definition
• Cloud computing is a model for enabling ubiquitous, convenient, on-demand network access to a shared pool of configurable computing resources (e.g., networks, servers, storage, applications, and services) that can be rapidly provisioned and released with minimal management effort or service provider interaction. This cloud model is composed of five essential characteristics, three service models, and four deployment models.
P. Mell, T. Grance: “The NIST Definition of Cloud Computing”. National Institute of Standards and Technology, Special Publication 800-145, 2011
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Essential characterisitcsEssential characterisitcs
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Essential chracteristics
• On-demand self-service• A consumer can unilaterally provision
– computing capabilities– server time– network storage
• as needed, automatically without human interaction
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Essential chracteristics
• Broad network access• Capabilities are available over the network
– accessed through standard mechanisms– by heterogeneous client platforms
• mobile phones• Tablets• Laptops• workstations
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Essential chracteristics• Resource pooling• The provider’s resources (storage, processing,
memory, and network bandwidth) are pooled • serve multiple consumers
– multi-tenant model• physical and virtual resources
– dynamically assigned and reassigned according to consumer demand
• location independence – but may specify location at a higher level of
abstraction
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Essential chracteristics
• Rapid elasticity• Capabilities can be elastically provisioned and
released– in some cases automatically– scale rapidly with demand
• appear to be unlimited
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Essential chracteristics
• Measured service• control and optimize resource use by
leveraging a metering capability • Resource usage
– Monitored– Controlled– Reported
• providing transparency for both the provider and consumer.
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Service modelsService models
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Service models: SaaS
• Software as a Service (SaaS)• The provider’s applications running on a cloud
infrastructure. • Accessible from various client devices
– thin client interface, such as a web browser– program interface
• The consumer does not manage or control the underlying cloud or even individual application capabilities
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Software as a Service
L. Badger, T. Grance, R. Patt-Corner, J. Voas: “Cloud Computing Synopsis and Recommendations”. National Institute of Standards and Technology, Special Publication 800-146, 2012
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Service models: PaaS
• Platform as a Service (PaaS). • Deploy onto the cloud infrastructure
consumer-created or acquired applications – created using programming languages, libraries,
services, and tools supported by the provider.
• The consumer does not manage or control the underlying cloud infrastructure but – has control over the deployed applications
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Platform as a Service
L. Badger, T. Grance, R. Patt-Corner, J. Voas: “Cloud Computing Synopsis and Recommendations”. National Institute of Standards and Technology, Special Publication 800-146, 2012
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Service models: IaaS
• Infrastructure as a Service (IaaS)• Provision processing, storage, networks, and
other fundamental computing resources – the consumer is able to deploy and run arbitrary
software, operating systems and applications. • The consumer does not manage or control the
underlying cloud infrastructure but – has control over operating systems, storage, and
deployed applications
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Infrastructure as a Service
L. Badger, T. Grance, R. Patt-Corner, J. Voas: “Cloud Computing Synopsis and Recommendations”. National Institute of Standards and Technology, Special Publication 800-146, 2012
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Infrastructure as a Service
L. Badger, T. Grance, R. Patt-Corner, J. Voas: “Cloud Computing Synopsis and Recommendations”. National Institute of Standards and Technology, Special Publication 800-146, 2012
PaaS
IaaS
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Virtualisation
• Simulation of the hardware and software environment in which other software runs
• Simulated environment = virtual machine (VM)• Coupling between the physical layer and the guest
OS = hypervisor, virtual machine monitor– Controls flow of instructions– Partitions resources– Isolates guest OSs– Provides the interface of a real physical hardware
machine• Guest OS + applications encapsulated = image
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Virtualisation
Darryl Chantry: Mapping Applications to the Cloud. Microsoft Corporation, 2009
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Deployment modelsDeployment models
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Deployment models
• Private cloud• The cloud infrastructure is provisioned for
exclusive use by a single organization – comprising multiple consumers (e.g., business
units)
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Private cloud
L. Badger, T. Grance, R. Patt-Corner, J. Voas: “Cloud Computing Synopsis and Recommendations”. National Institute of Standards and Technology, Special Publication 800-146, 2012
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Deployment models
• Community cloud• The cloud infrastructure is provisioned for
exclusive use by a specific community of consumers from organizations that have shared concerns (e.g., mission, security requirements, policy, and compliance considerations)
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Community cloud
L. Badger, T. Grance, R. Patt-Corner, J. Voas: “Cloud Computing Synopsis and Recommendations”. National Institute of Standards and Technology, Special Publication 800-146, 2012
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Deployment models
• Public cloud• The cloud infrastructure is provisioned for
open use by the general public
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Public cloud
L. Badger, T. Grance, R. Patt-Corner, J. Voas: “Cloud Computing Synopsis and Recommendations”. National Institute of Standards and Technology, Special Publication 800-146, 2012
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Deployment models
• Hybrid cloud • The cloud infrastructure is a composition of
two or more distinct cloud infrastructures (private, community, or public) – remain unique entities– bound together by standardized or proprietary
technology that enables data and application portability
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What next…What next…
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You will learn
• IaaS middleware in-depth: OpenNebula• OpenNebula hands-on• Cooperation of multiple clouds
– Cloud bursting– Cloud federations– Multi-clouds– Cloud and grid interoperation
• CloudBroker hands-on
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References
L. Schubert, K. Jeffery and B. Neidecker-Lutz: „The Future of Cloud Computing, Opportunities for European Cloud Computing beyond 2010”. Expert Group Report, 2010.
K. Jeffery and B. Neidecker-Lutz: „Advances in Clouds – Research in Future Cloud Computing”. Expert Group Report, 2012.
M. Armburst, A. Fox, R. Griffith, A.D. Joseph, R. Katz, A. Kowinski, G. Lee, D. Patterson, A. Rabkin, I. Stoica, M. Zaharia: “Above the Clouds: A Berkeley View of Cloud Computing”. White paper, 2009
L. Badger, T. Grance, R. Patt-Corner, J. Voas: “Cloud Computing Synopsis and Recommendations”. National Institute of Standards and Technology, Special Publication 800-146, 2012
P. Mell, T. Grance: “The NIST Definition of Cloud Computing”. National Institute of Standards and Technology, Special Publication 800-145, 2011