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Introduction to Comparative Government
Chapter 1
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United Kingdom
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Russian Federation
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Islamic Republic of Iran
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United Mexican States
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Federal Republic of Nigeria
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Peoples Republic of China
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Global Challenge of Comparative Politics
A. Worldwide movement toward democracy since 1989 - Berlin WallB. Political developments of last 20 years: - 9/11 - 2008 recession - 2001: Arab Spring; Response of Dictators and leaders in Libya, Syria, etc. - Tsunami in Japan - Killing of Osama bin Laden
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C. Primary Themes of Comparative Gov: - World of States - Governing the Economy - The Democratic Idea - Politics of the Collective Identity
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What—and How—Comparative Politics Compares
A. Comparativists compare countries and distinct institutions w/in individual countries using comparative method
B. Essential to differentiate b/w the nation and the state C. Establish casual theories- limited be/c we are
studying people with independent free will and inability to use experimental techniques
D. Variety of approaches in study of political phenomena and behavior- political culture and rational choice theories
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• How events (critical junctures) shape and are shaped by world order created by events like those in 1989, 2008, etc.
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Students = Comparativists
• Can’t make reliable statements about most political institutions by looking at one case
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Level of Analysis
• Countries v. State?????
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Legitimacy
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Country Case Studies
1. Begin with historical analysis- state formation a. Nation-state: boundaries and national identity coincide i.e. Kurds in Iraq, Turkey, and Syria; Tibet in China
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Comparative Theory
1. Causal Theories: a. “if X happens, then Y will be the result” b.. X = independent variable Y = dependent variable i.e. Commonly argued that if a country’s economic pie shrinks, conflict among groups will intensify
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2. Rational Choice Theory a. how individuals act rationally in an attempt to achieve goals that maximize their interests. b. dismisses importance of historical experience, political culture, etc. i.e. voting for a candidate, rebelling against government
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3. Middle-level theory: a. Focuses on specific features of political world- institutions, policies, classes of similar events, such as elections, revolutions, etc.
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Systems Theory: 1. 5 key concepts: a. inputs: ways that avg. citizens and the groups they form engage in political life 1. supports and demands b. decision-making c. outputs = public policy d. feedback e. environment
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The Number of Cases
1. 2 categories: a. “large N” (quantitative studies) 1. N refers to number of cases; allows for statistical analysis 2. strong external validity b. “small n” (qualitative) 1. case studies 2. strong internal validity but weak external
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3. Comparative method = combo of best aspects of case study and large studies a. small # of cases 3-10 b. most-similar approach c. most-different approach
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Classifying Political Systems
• Typology: 1. Consolidated Democracies 2. Transitional Democracies 3. Authoritarian Regimes a. Distinction b/w long established and newly established democracies