Download - Introduction to Computer Applications
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Computer System Component
Computer: A programmable electronic device that can store, retrieve, and process data.
The word “Computer” emerged during WWII, people who operated desk calculators were called: Computers.
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History of the Modern Computer
Human: Could add a two 10 digit number in 10 seconds, withCalculator, in 4 Seconds.
Mark 1: Also called “Harvard Mark 1” Could add two 10-digit numbers in about 0.3 seconds. 30 times faster than Pencil and paper.
ENIAC: Electronic Numerical Integrator and Computer. Theworld's first electronic digital computer was developed byArmy Ordnance to compute World War II ballistic firingTables. Could add the same in 0.0002 seconds, 50,000 timesfaster than a human, and 1,500 times faster than the Mark 1.
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General Vocabularyand Units
Bit: "Binary digIT" Computers happen to operate using the base-2 number system, also known as the binary number system ( 0, 1)
Byte: 8-bit collections (single, double precision) Digital: Send – Receive 0’s and 1’s Analog: AM - FM Hertz: Unit of Frequency Kilo-Hertz: 1000 Cycles Mega-Hertz: 1 million Cycles Giga-Hertz: 1 Billion Cycles
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Components of a Computer System
Computer
Hardware SoftwareMotherboard Operating
SystemFloppy Office 2003Hard Drive Internet Explorer
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Components of a Computer System
Input
Output
Storage
Process
Information Processing
Cycle
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Components of a Computer System
Input Process Output
Storage
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Types of Computer
The word "minicomputer" (colloquially, "mini") is a term for a class of smaller computers that evolved in the mid-1960s and sold for much less than mainframe and mid-size computers from IBM and its direct competitor. the term "minicomputer" came to mean a machine that lies in the middle range of the computing spectrum, in between the smallest mainframe computers and the microcomputers.
A data processing system employed mainly in large organizations for various applications, including bulk data processing, process control, industry and consumer statistics, enterprise resource planning, and financial transaction processing.Mainframes use proprietary operating systems, most of which are based on Unix, and a growing number on Linux. Over the years they have evolved from being room-sized to networked configurations of workstations and servers that are an extremely competitive and cost effective platforms for e-commerce development and hosting. Mainframes are so called because the earliest ones were housed in large metal frames.
A supercomputer is a computer at the frontline of current processing capacity, particularly speed of calculation. Introduced in 1960These computers were used for complex calculations such as forecasting weather and quantum physics. Today, supercomputers are one of a kind; they are fast and very advanced. The term supercomputer is always evolving as tomorrow's normal computers are today's supercomputer.
A microcomputer is a complete computer on a smaller scale and is generally a synonym for the more common term, personal computer or PC
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Types of Computer
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Hardware Devices
System Unit
PrinterOutput Device
Peripheral
MonitorOutput Device
PeripheralInput Device
StorageDevice
Input Device
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Memory
Memory
RAM ROM
SRAM
DRAM
PROM
EPROM
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Memory
SRAM: Static RAM
Random Access Memory
DRAM: Dynamic RAM
EPROM: Erasable Programmable ROM
PROM: Programmable ROM
Read Only Memory
1 MB2 MB4 MB8 MB16 MB32 MB64 MB128 MB
256 MB512 MB1024 MB
Extra Points: What mathematical equation describes the pattern?
Memory Size in MB
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Monitors
Output device, Soft-Copy Output Resolution is given by the amount of
“Pixels” Two categories: CRT (Cathode Ray
Tubes) and LCD (Liquid Crystal Display)
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Printers
Output Devices Hard Copy Output Resolution is given in “dsi”. Dots per
Inch. Two Categories: Laser (B&W, Color)
uses Toner. Inkjet (Color) uses ink cartridges.
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Types of Software and Their Uses
Operating System Software (OS): Tell the computer how to work and what to do.Windows, Linux and Macintosh.
Driver: Software that tells a hardwarecomponent how to work.
Application Software: Accomplish a taskUsing a computer. Word, Excel,
PowerPoint
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Test 1