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Introduction to Configuration
Chapter 4
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This presentation covers: >Qualities of a Good Technician >Configuration Overview >Motherboard Battery >Hardware Configuration Overview >Troubleshooting Configurations
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Qualities of a Good Technician
“Soft skills” as they are known across many industries are essential
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One Thing at a Time >Avoid the “gun slinger” approach >Put thought into methods or consider other possible resolutions
>Avoid changing multiple things simultaneously > E.g., if there is no display on the output, the technician might swap out
the monitor, disable the onboard video port, add a new video adapter, power on the computer, and, when output appears, call the problem “solved”
>If a computer problem is repaired using such a technique, the technician never knows exactly what solved the problem
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Configuration Overview The system Setup program or operating system,
enables you to configure the motherboard, power, and devices.
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BIOS Overview >The basic input/output system (BIOS) is commonly soldered to
the motherboard >The BIOS has the following functions: > Holds and executes power-on self-test (POST) > Holds a basic routine called a bootstrap program > Holds Setup > Turns control over to an adapter’s onboard BIOS
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The Setup Program >Setup software is built into the system BIOS chip on the
motherboard >During the boot process, most computers specify which
keystroke(s) will launch the Setup program >A message will be shown and is usually in one of the four screen
corners >The keystroke can be one or more keys pressed during startup > ESC, Insert, Delete, F1, F2, or F10 keys > Key combination is Ctrl + Alt + some other key
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Flash BIOS >Most common type of BIOS >Allows changing the BIOS without installing a new chip or chips >Do one of the following to determine the current BIOS version: >Watch the computer screen as it boots >Enter BIOS Setup using a particular keystroke during the boot
process >From within Windows 8, access BIOS Setup by accessing
Settings > Change PC Settings > Update and recovery >Recovery > Restart now > From within Advanced startup, select Troubleshoot > Advanced options > UEFI FirmwareSettings > Restart > App Menu > Setup
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Flash BIOS, cont’d >To access BIOS in Windows 10, within the Notification area,
select Action Center > All Settings > Update and Security >Recovery > Advanced startup > Restart now >An upgrade of the BIOS normally involves removing all BIOS
settings stored in CMOS and the BIOS software >Two things should be done before upgrading the flash BIOS >Back up current CMOS settings >Back up the current BIOS
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Flashing the Bios >The flash BIOS can be upgraded >This process is “flashing the BIOS” >A computer may need a BIOS upgrade for a variety of reasons: > To provide support for new or upgraded hardware such as a processor or a
faster USB port > To provide support for a higher-capacity hard drive > For increased virus protection > For optional password protection > To solve problems with the current version > To provide a security patch > To reduce the time a computer takes to boot
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UEFI (Unified Extensible Firmware Interface)
>Also known as simply EFI >Interface between the operating system
and firmware >UEFI fixed original BIOS issues
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UEFI (Unified Extensible Firmware Interface) >Unlike the original BIOS
environment, you can use yourmouse and possibly do some ofthe following: > Connect to the Internet > Run applications > Run a virus > Scan > Have a GUI environment > Execute utilities > Perform a backup or a restore
Sample UEFI Main Menu
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CMOS Memory >Settings changed in system BIOS are recorded and stored in
complementary metal-oxide semiconductor (CMOS) found in the motherboard chipset >Memory that requires a small amount of power, provided by a
small coin-sized lithium battery when the system is powered off >The memory holds the settings configured through
BIOS
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Clearing CMOS >Resetting all BIOS settings to factory default is clearing the
CMOS >Clearing the CMOS is not the same as flashing the BIOS >One specific CMOS setting that is sometimes cleared is the
power-on password
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Other Configuration Parameters >Other possible parameters contained and set via the Setup program
or operating system are: > Interrupt Requests (IRQs) > Input/output (I/O) addresses > Direct memory access (DMA) channels > Memory addresses
>These parameters are assigned to individual adapters and ports, such as disk controllers, and the USB, serial, parallel, and mouse ports
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IRQ >Multiple devices often want the attention of the CPU >An orderly process must be configured: > An interrupt request numbers are assigned to the keyboard and the mouse > Every device requests permission to do something by interrupting the
processor > The CPU has a priority system to handle such situations
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PCI/PCIe Interrupts >PCI/PCIe devices use interrupts called INTA, INTB, INTC,
INTD, and so on > When a PC first boots, the operating system discovers what AGP, PCI,
and PCIe adapters and devices are present and the system resources each one needs > The operating system allocates resources such as an interrupt to the
adapter/device > If the adapter or device has a ROM or flash BIOS chip installed that
contains software that initializes and/or controls the device, the software is allowed to execute during the boot process
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I/O (Input/Output) Addresses >An I/O address, input/output address or port address, enables a
device and a processor to exchange data >It must be unique >The device places data in the box for the CPU to pick up >The processor delivers the data to the appropriate device through
the same I/O address >I/O addresses are addresses for the processor to distinguish among
the devices with which it communicates
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Memory Addresses >A memory address is a unique address assigned to memory chips
installed anywhere in the system >The memory address is used by the CPU when it accesses
information inside the chip >Memory addresses are shown as a range of hexadecimal addresses
in Device Manager
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Hardware Configuration Overview
Configuration of adapters and other hardware is easy if you follow the documentation and know how to
obtain device drivers.
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Installing Drivers >A driver is required when installing hardware or an adapter in the
Windows environment >A driver is software that allows the operating system to control
hardware >The operating system detects the adapter or hardware installation
and adds the device’s configuration information to the registry >The registry is a central database in Windows that holds hardware
information and other data >All software applications access the registry for configuration
information instead of going to the adapter
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Installing a USB Device >1. Power on the computer >2. Install the USB device’s software (optional) >3. Power on the device (optional) >4. Locate a USB port on the rear or front of the computer or on a
USB hub. Plug the USB device into a free port >5. Verify installation in Device Manager
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Installing/Configuring USB Cards >1. Power down the computer and remove the power cord >2. Remove the computer cover. Locate an empty expansion slot >3. Using proper anti-static procedures, ground yourself, or use
anti-static gloves >4. Attach a power connector to the adapter (optional)
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Installing/Configuring USB Cards >5. Ensure the proper expansion slot is being used and insert the
card firmly into the expansion slot >6. Lower the expansion bar or attach a screw >7. Reinstall the computer cover, reattach the power cord, and
power on the computer; Install drivers as necessary >8. Test by attaching a USB device to each port
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Installing/Configuring FireWire Cards The following are generic steps for installing a FireWire adapter: >1. Power off the computer and remove the AC power cord >2. Remove the computer case so you can access the computer
interior >3. Locate an available expansion slot and optionally remove the
slot cover and retaining screw4. Firmly insert the FireWire adapter into the expansion slot >4. Reinsert the retaining screw, if necessary
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Installing/Configuring FireWire Cards, cont’d >5. Replace the computer cover and reattach the power cord >6. Power on the computer. The operating system normally detects
the newly installed hardware >7. Insert the driver disc that ships with the adapter and browse to
the location of the driver; Follow the prompts for installing the driver >8. Use Device Manager (IEEE 1394 Bus host controllers section)
to verify installation
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Troubleshooting Configurations
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Troubleshooting Configurations Indications of a resource conflict (including IRQ, DMA, I/O address, and memory address conflict) are as follows: >The new device is installed and the new device or a previously
installed device does not work >The computer locks up or restarts when performing a specific
function, such as when playing or recording audio >The computer hangs during startup or shutdown >A device does not work properly or fails to work at all
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Motherboard Battery The most common CMOS battery used today is a
CR2032 lithium battery, which is about the size of anickel.
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Motherboard Battery >High temperatures and powering
devices that use batteries on and off shorten a battery’s life span
>Computer motherboard batteries last three to eight years >Replacing batteries is not the
issue it once was
Motherboard battery
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Computer Terms
Refer to the glossary terms at the end of the textbook chapter. Review Chapter 4 and become familiar with the terms.
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This PPT deck was developed to support instruction of
The Complete CompTIA A+ Guide
to IT Hardware and Software 7th
Ed.
All text and images are
© 2016 Pearson Education Inc. Fotolia Image Credits
Chapter 4: maxhalanski, Bondarau, our_lucky_photo, stokkete