Disaster Management (215003) for 5th Semester GTU
Disaster Management by Rakesh Kumar Verma Asst. Professor P.I.E.T. Parul University
Introduction to Disaster Management
Definitions Adopted By Few Important Agencies WHO; “A disaster is an occurrence disrupting the normal conditions of existence and causing a
level of suffering that exceeds the capacity of adjustment of the affected community.”
International Strategy for Disaster Reduction (UNISDR); “A serious disruption of the
functioning of a community or a society involving widespread human, material, economic or
environmental losses and impacts, which exceeds the ability of the affected community or
society to cope using its own resources.”
Acc. to “The Johns Hopkins and the International Federation of Red Cross and Red
Crescent Societies”
The word disaster implies a sudden over-whelming and unforeseen event.
At the household level, a disaster could result in a major illness, death, a substantial
economic or social misfortune.
At the community level, it could be a flood, a fire, a collapse of buildings in an
earthquake, the destruction of livelihoods, an epidemic or displacement through conflict.
When occurring at district or provincial level, a large number of people can be affected
Types of Disaster
1. Natural
1) Tornados
2) Hurricanes
3) Earthquakes
4) Floods & drought
5) Tsunamis & cyclones
6) Landslides
7) Wildfires
8) Volcanic activities
Disaster Management (215003) for 5th Semester GTU
Disaster Management by Rakesh Kumar Verma Asst. Professor P.I.E.T. Parul University
9) Pandemic Flu
2. Manmade
1) Nuclear disasters
2) Biological disasters
3) Chemical disasters
4) Road accidents
5) Fire accidents
6) Terrorism
7) Epidemics
Environmental Hazard State of events which has the potential to threaten the surrounding natural environment
and adversely affect people's health.
Term incorporates topics like pollution and natural disasters such as storms and
earthquakes.
Hazards can be categorized in
1. Chemical
2. Physical
3. Mechanical
4. Biological
5. Psychosocial
Chemical Hazards and Toxic Substances Chemical hazards and toxic substances pose a wide range of health hazards (such as
irritation, sensitization, and carcinogenicity) and physical hazards (such as flammability,
corrosion, and reactivity).
Disaster Management (215003) for 5th Semester GTU
Disaster Management by Rakesh Kumar Verma Asst. Professor P.I.E.T. Parul University
Natural Disaster
is a major adverse event resulting from natural processes of the Earth;
Ex- floods, volcanic eruptions, earthquakes, tsunamis, and other geologic processes.
Can cause loss of life or property damage, and typically leaves some economic damage in
its wake, the severity of which depends on the affected population's resilience, or ability
to recover.
Disaster Management
Management
Organization and coordination of the activities in order to achieve defined objectives.
Disaster Management
Can be defined as the organization and management of resources and responsibilities for
dealing with all humanitarian aspects of emergencies, in
particular preparedness, response and recovery in order to lessen the impact of disasters.
Need of Disaster Management To deal with or to avoid the natural and manmade disaster
To avoid the risk
Involves preparedness, response and recovery to decrease the impact of disaster
Following pages provide data related to the land mass which have vulnerability to different
disastrous events depending upon their locality and environmental conditions (which also very
sound factor for being an area to be vulnerable for disaster). That will provide you an insight that
a huge amount of landmass in Indian is subjected to earthquake risk, flood risk, and cyclone risk.
Due to this type of landmass India faces number of events at a time interval which harms the
locality and livelihood of people, environmental and geology of area which further adds risk of
new and, dangerous event to occur in that area. These situations remain to be present for
particular areas and will introduce the disaster risk and that is going to be increased day by day.
Because of severity of events and increased amount of losses it is prime concerned to predict,
plan and manage such kind of events. And disaster management proved its worthiness in such
conditions. It includes prediction and study of events to planning of events, implementing the
plan and response phase, and recovery to risk reduction phase, and re-analyzing for development
with add of preparedness. It is continuous process to deal with disasters.
Disaster Management (215003) for 5th Semester GTU
Disaster Management by Rakesh Kumar Verma Asst. Professor P.I.E.T. Parul University
Disaster Management (215003) for 5th Semester GTU
Disaster Management by Rakesh Kumar Verma Asst. Professor P.I.E.T. Parul University
Vulnerability & Capacity
Inability to withstand the effects of a hostile environment.
Vulnerability in this context can be defined as the diminished capacity of an individual or
group to anticipate, cope with, resist and recover from the impact of a natural or man-
made hazard.
The reverse side of the coin is capacity, which can be described as the resources
available to individuals, households and communities to cope with a threat or to resist the
impact of a hazard. Such resources can be physical or material, but they can also be found
in the way a community is organized or in the skills or attributes of individuals and/or
organizations in the community.
Figures show vulnerability of Indian land mass
towards the cyclones, earthquakes and floods.
Which imparts a huge role in becoming victim
of disastrous events in recent years
These figures also provide a idea about the
severe conditions of land mass facing
continuously such event like floods, droughts
and earthquakes.
Also you can think of degree of readiness
require at different locations if some event
occurs in near future.
Disaster Management (215003) for 5th Semester GTU
Disaster Management by Rakesh Kumar Verma Asst. Professor P.I.E.T. Parul University
DM Cycle
1. Response phase
2. Recovery/ rehabilitation phase
3. Risk reduction phase
4. Preparedness phase
Response Phase The primary aims of disaster response are rescue from immediate danger and stabilization
of the physical and emotional condition of survivors. These go hand in hand with the
recovery of the dead and the restoration of essential services such as water and power.
Search and Rescue
Fulfill humanitarian needs
Effective coordination of disaster assistance by many responding organization
Recovery/ Rehabilitation Phase The immediate goal of the recovery phase is to bring the affected area back to normalcy
as quickly as possible. During reconstruction it is recommended to consider the location
or construction material of the property.
Risk/Disaster Risk Potential disaster losses (in terms of lives, health status, livelihoods, assets and services)
which could occur to a particular community or a society over some specified future time
period.
It considers the probability of harmful consequences, or expected losses (deaths, injuries,
property, livelihoods, economic activity disrupted or environmentally damaged) resulting
from interactions between natural or human induced hazards and vulnerable conditions.
Risk can be calculated using the following equation: Risk = Probability of Hazard x
Degree of Vulnerability.
Risk Reduction Phase “Disaster Risk Reduction (DRR) aims to reduce the damage caused by natural hazards
like earthquakes, floods, droughts and cyclones, through an ethic of
prevention.”(UNISDR)
Disaster risk reduction is everyone's business.
Disaster risk reduction is about choices
Disaster Management (215003) for 5th Semester GTU
Disaster Management by Rakesh Kumar Verma Asst. Professor P.I.E.T. Parul University
Concept and practice of reducing disaster risks through systematic efforts to analyse and
reduce the causal factors of disasters. Reducing exposure to hazards,
lessening vulnerability of people and property, wise management of land and the
environment, and
improving preparedness and early warning for adverse events
DRR STRATEGIES ADOPTED IN “Bali Action Plan” 1. Ensure that disaster risk reduction is a national and a local priority with a strong institutional
basis for implementation.
2. Identify, assess and monitor disaster risks and enhance early warning.
3. Use knowledge, innovation and education to build a culture of safety and resilience at all
levels.
4. Reduce the underlying risk factors.
5. Strengthen disaster preparedness for effective response.
KEY ACTION TO BE TAKEN FOR DDR 1) Risk assessments: Involve the collection and summary of national risk information,
including socio-economic data on existing vulnerability and capacity. and should be routinely
updated to assess emerging risks; The information is most often represented in risk maps. It
should be made widely available to all relevant users, in order to support policymaking, raise
community awareness, and enable populations to reduce their own risks.
2) Early warning systems: Effective early warning systems involve four elements: risk
knowledge, monitoring and warning service, dissemination and communication, and response
capability.
3) Sector-specific risk reduction plans: To be effective, national plans and strategies to
reduce disaster risk need to be integrated in the plans and programs of every sector and area of
development. Land-use planning, the locating of critical infrastructure, the management of
natural resources, the protection of key assets —all should ensure that risk is identified and
reduced at all stages from planning through to implementation.
Disaster Management (215003) for 5th Semester GTU
Disaster Management by Rakesh Kumar Verma Asst. Professor P.I.E.T. Parul University
Preparedness phase Disaster preparedness refers to measures taken to prepare for and reduce the effects of
disasters. That is, to predict and, where possible, prevent disasters, mitigate their impact
on vulnerable populations, and respond to and effectively cope with their consequences.
Disaster preparedness activities embedded with risk reduction measures can prevent
disaster situations and also result in saving maximum lives and livelihoods during any
disaster situation, enabling the affected population to get back to normalcy within a short
time period.
Disaster preparedness is a continuous and integrated process resulting from a wide range
of risk reduction activities and resources rather than from a distinct sectorial activity by
itself. It requires the contributions of many different areas—ranging from training and
logistics, to health care, recovery, livelihood to institutional development.
Process of ensuring that an organization (1) Has complied with the preventive measures,
(2) Is in a state of readiness to contain the effects of a forecasted disastrous event to minimize
loss of life, injury, and damage to property,
(3) Can provide rescue, relief, rehabilitation, and other services in the aftermath of the
disaster, and
(4) Has the capability and resources to continue to sustain its essential functions without
being overwhelmed by the demand placed on them. Preparedness for the first and immediate
response is called emergency preparedness.