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Article 41.2
1° [...] the State recognises that by her life within the home, woman gives to the State a support without which the common good cannot be achieved.
2° The State shall, therefore, endeavour to ensure that mothers shall not be obliged by economic necessity to engage in labour to the neglect of their duties in the home.
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Front cover of a programme for a Unionist demonstration
What is unionism? A belief in the constitutional
connection between Britain and Ireland.
Unionism as an organised movement dates from the home rule crisis of 1885-6.
Formal Irish unionist organization emerged in 1885-6 in the wake of a revitalized Orangeism and Conservatism which represented a reaction to the Land War.
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Unionist response to Home Rule
• Third HR Bill (1912-14)• Mass political
mobilisation• Ulster Solemn League
and Covenant signed on Ulster Day 1912
• UVF founded
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The Government of Ireland Act (1920)
Offered two Home Rule parliaments: one parliament for the 6 counties and another for the 26 counties
It made provision for ultimate Irish unity
Only local powers were granted
Ultimate power remained in London
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Local Government (Emergency Powers) Act
• Introduced to the Northern parliament on 2 December 1921
• Enabled the government to dissolve any local council which withheld recognition and co-operation and to replace it with a government appointed commissioner
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Electoral Arrangements• Proportional Representation was abolished
by legislation on 11 Sept 1922 • It imposed a declaration of allegiance upon
members and officials of local authorities• Enabled the reversion to old electoral areas
and in some cases the redrawing of new, local electoral areas
• Meant that unionists would be able to dominate local government
• The number of nationalist controlled councils achieved in 1920 were reduced by half
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The Civil Authorities (Special
Powers) Act 1922 • Introduced on 15 March 1922• Introduced draconian emergency powers to
search, arrest and detain without warrant, impose stiff penalties and indeed to suspend civil liberties when deemed necessary.
• Initially passed for one year only, it was renewed annually until 1928, was renewed in that year for five years and in 1933 became permanent, until its abolition in 1972.
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