INTRODUCTION TO MALAYSIA NRWBy
Hasnul Mohamad Salleh, PhD DG, Water Supply Department, MEGTW
1. Overview on Malaysia NRW2. Currents problems 3. Current practice4. Technology/ methodology currently being used5. Successes to date6. On-going program7. Lessons learnt 8. Way forward
NRW Studies/Program
Development & Implementation of NRW Program NRW Control Study & Development Of
Leakage Control Program For Malaysia Water Leakage Control Study And Training in
Malaysia - JICA Expert/Water Supply Branch, PWD Malaysia
Rehabilitation And Upgrading of Water Supply Systems In Malaysia
Total System Input volume (TSI)
Revenue Water - Billed Authorized Consumption Volume (BAC)-
NRW
Real losses ( Leakage )
Apparent Losses
Unbilled Authorized
Utilities own UseFlushingFire fightingStreet washing
NRW COMPONENTS
NRW %= (TSI–BAC)/( TSI)
PERCENTAGE NON-REVENUE WATER (NRW) (%) FROM YEAR 1994 TO 2009
36
38
40
35
37
39.340
38.9
40.6
3939.5
37.10
37.70
37.7036.93
36.63
32
33
34
35
36
37
38
39
40
41
42
1994
1995
1996
1997
1998
1999
2000
2001
2002
2003
2004
2005
2006
2007
2008
2009
YEAR
PE
RC
EN
TA
GE
(%
)
9th Malaysia Plan NRW Target : 37.7 % in 2006 to 30.0% in 2010
Mid term review - 2008
Revised Target : 36.0%
Current : 36.6%
10th Malaysia Target : 34.0%
7th Plan (1996-2000) =RM0.58B
8th Plan (2001-2005 )=RM1 B
Why High Percentage NRW?
• Unsustainable and non committal NRW Control Project (no follow through after project)
• No incentives and recognition• Insufficient allocation• Ineffective Monitoring System• Inaccurate NRW Calculations and data Interpretations• Repetitions on Wrong doings during new water supply
project.• Implementations and substandard materials and poor
quality workmanship.
Cause of NRW
1. Age of System and Type of Material Used2. Age of Meter and Metering Policy - Domestic Meter Under-Registration - Bulk meters under registration - Unmetered usage3. Administrator Errors4. Incorrect meter reading or fraudulent misreading of meters - Errors on calculation - Meters installed illegally - Failure to replace damage or stopped meters - Errors in estimating readings used when meters stopped
Current problems
1. High physical losses 2. High commercial losses:3 Inadequate staff to tackle NRW4 Inadequate Leakage KPI5 Low tariff - Cheaper to waste water.6 Inadequate NRW and Leakage Control policy7 Target – no tough targets
Percentage of AC PipeTotal length of AC Pipes=44,283 Km
Johor, 18%
Kedah, 13%
Kelantan, 8%
Melaka, 4%
Negeri Sembilan, 11%
Pahang, 8%
Perak, 6%
Perlis, 2%
Penang, 3%
Sabah, 5%
Sarawak, 5%
Selangor, 13%
Teregganu, 3%
Wp Labuan, 1%
Meter more than 7 years : 24.4%
Meter less than 7 years : 75.6%
G reater 7 years
L ess than 7 years
P R OP OR T ION OF ME T E R S B Y A G E 2009
Current practice 1. Rehabilitating and replacing old pipes and extending
network –main 2. Removing illegal connections3. Updating consumer database4. Initiating computerized billing5. Training meter readers and payments collections6. Implementing DMAs , PMZ and metered zones for
active leakage control7. Doing GIS mapping8. Keeping control on materials used in water distribution
network construction9. Taking speedy actions to repair bursts, systematic
maintenance, rehabilitation and replacement of pipelines
Current practice
10. Establishing meter replacement program and meter
reading accuracy
11. Establishing Water Management Team with clear responsibilities
12. Reservoir Overflow Monitoring
Technolog
Advanced Leak Detection Tools getting more affordable
-Electronic Listening Stick , Ground Microphone, Correlating -Noise Logger-Ground Penetrating Radar-Trunk Mains Leak Detection Equipment
Technology
Technology has evolved dramatically in the last decade allowing for Holistic NRW Management Implementation to be more affordable.
Water Distribution Management System integrating:• Pipeline information and Billing system• Customer complaints• DMZ’s and leak repairs• Network modeling and SCADA system• DMZ are fitted with battery operated electromagnetic meter and
pressure transducer• Reservoir with electronic sensor• Online monitoring data for SCADA system to priorities leak
detection
On-going programs
1. 100% Pipe Registration in GIS-Essential for DMA/ PMA Design
2. GPS Level Survey -Required for Pressure Management & Hydraulic Modeling
3. Consumer Geo-Coding
-Assignment of Demand to Pipes for Hydraulic Modeling-Assignment of Metered Consumption to DMA for NRW –Calculation
4. Leak & Burst Digitizing- Analysis for Pressure Management - Analysis for Pipe Replacement & Rehabilitation Priority
On-going program
5. DMA Design for long term ease of NRW monitoring-500 to 3,000 connections and less than 20km pipes -Ability to be isolated hydraulically-Pressure consideration especially when changing supply situation from “multiple feed” to “single feed”-Design of Step-Test for large DMA
6. DMA ConstructionUse of Precast Concrete Chamber for speed in construction of large NRW projects.Panel of reliable sub-contractorsInventory of equipment (flow meter/ data logger etc.)Control of material quality
Telemetry System
7. Continuous monitoring -DMA Inlet Flow & Pressure-PRV Upstream/ Downstream Pressure-Average Zone Pressure-Critical Point Pressure-Reservoir Level
8. Time Series Data using GSM/ GPRS Data Logger(flow, pressure, tank level) -Automatic daily data transmission on GSM/ GPRS network-Reduce time factor for “Awareness” of NRW increase in DMA
Reservoir Level Monitoring
9. Monitoring of reservoir overflow-Battery Operated GSM/ GPRS Data Logger with -Hydrostatic Level Transducer.-Logging of 15 min time-series data-Immediate Alarms on Low Level and High Level
10. Allows for immediate identification of problematic Altitude Valves.
Successes - 2005-2009
Selangor (38.4 – 32.49)
Johor (35.5 – 31.95)
Kedah(43.80 – 44.97)
Pahang(48.20 – 59.90)
Perlis(36.30 – 44.67)
Terengganu(34.70 – 37.85)
Melaka(29.0 – 29.71)
Penang(19.40 – 19.40)
Perak( 30.60 – 30.68)
N. Sembilan(54.70 – 49.16)
Sabah(57.20 – 49.41)
Sarawak( 24.70 – 29.50)
Labuan(24.00 – 25.85)Sarawak(24.70 – 29.52)
LESSONS LEARNED Pipe Replacement alone will not reduce NRW
High NRW largely due to poor material quality and workmanship
Control of material quality and workmanship in Leak Repairs is still poor
NRW Programs undertakan between 1980-1990 failed due to no continuity when handed over to the Water Authority. NRW reductions are not sustained. Budget constraint. Skilled manpower shortage. NRW staff get promoted out to other sectors.
LESSONS LEARNT .
NRW Implementation is better outsourced to Specialist NRW Contractor.
NRW Project is different from Construction Project Pressure Management is an important tool for quick gains in
NRW reduction and leak/burst control but not given sufficient attention in most States.
Apparent Loss is not significant for Domestic Consumers and most States have good meter change practice.
Apparent Loss for Non-Domestic Consumers has room for improvement Water theft reduction, use of Class “C” meters,
electromagnetic meters. Meter sizing and meterstand not following specs
Accurate Baseline NRW measurement is essential before start of any NRW Project with realistic targets set.
NRW Projects must be Performance Based Contracts with clear targets in Volumetric NRW Reduction rather than NRW % target and include Reward/ Penalty Clause
NRW is an Investment that requires large initial capital expenditure
LESSONS LEARNT
WAY FORWARD
Implement NRW Projects with balanced holistic approach including;
GIS System Enhancement DMA Establishment PMA Establishment & Pressure Management Tools Telemetry & NRW Management Information System Hydraulic Modelling Active Leak Detection & Repairs Selective Pipe Replacement with focus on Comm Pipe
Replacement. Selective Consumer Meter Replacement.
WAY FORWARD NRW Capex must be controlled by an Agency that has
knowledge in NRW.
NRW Projects to be on Longer Term of minimum 4-5 years inclusive of maintenance and sustaining of NRW reductions achieved. Ensure continuity of NRW Implementation.
Operators cannot depend on Consultants and must develop its own expertise to implement NRW control programs .
WAY FORWARD
Develop NRW KPI
eg GIS Pipe Registration (% Digitized) DMA Coverage (No DMA & % Coverage) No of PMA/ PRV installed % Consumer Meters above 7 yrs Annual NRW Volume (m3/day) Annual NRW %
Upgrade to Class “D” meters for Domestic & Class “C” meters for Non-Domestic (50mm & above)
Carry Out Water Balance
Calculate Optimum Level of NRW
Set Target
Establish NRW Control Policy and Expenditure
Assess Current level of NRW
Assess Optimum Level
Rehabilitation
Pressure Control
Customer Metering
Cost of Detection
Resource Development
Repair Policy
LegislationCustomer Issue
New Technology
NRW MANAGEMENT
WAY FORWARD
Source: UK Water industry: Report C
Performance
THANK YOU
Methodology To Reduce NRW
1. Meter Replacement
2. Regular Sounding
3. Pressure Control
4. Intensive metering
5. Pipeline Replacement and Upgrading
6. Communication Pipe Replacement