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Introduction to Open Source GIS
Sept, 2017
Mr. Shin, Sanghee
Capacity Building For National Surveying and Geographic Information Institute
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Lecturer
Name: Shin, Sanghee
Department: Gaia3D, Inc.
Contact: 010-9686-2630
E-mail: [email protected]
<Education Background>
- Seoul National University
- KAIST
<Short Biography>
- Chair of International FOSS4G Conference, 2015
- Board of Directors, OSGeo Foundation, 2015
- Chair of Technical Advisory Group of UN Open GIS Intiative, 2016
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ICHAPTER
Overview of Open Source SW
IICHAPTER
Open Source GIS
IIICHAPTER
Open Source GIS Projects
CONTENTS
IVCHAPTER
OSGeo – Open Source Geospatial Foundation
VCHAPTER
Wrap-Up
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01 l What is OSS?
02 | SW Models
03 | Benefits of OSS
04 | Why Select OSS?
Overview of Open Source SWI.
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1. What is Open Source SW? Open source SW(OSS) is the computer SW that is available in source code form under certain licenses.
Users of OSS are permitted to use, copy, study, change, improve and even redistribute those OSS freely.
‘Free’ does not mean ‘Free of Charge’ but ‘Freedom’ or ‘Liberty’
Freedom
Of
Software
Freedom
of
Redistribute
Freedom
of
Modify
Freedom
of
Copy
Freedom
of
Use
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2. SW Models – Cathedral vs. Bazaar
Cathedral Bazaar
Leverage own knowledge Leverage others knowledge too
<Closed Development> <Open Development>
Designed and developed by inside R&D lab
Inside knowledge, intellectual property, experiences
Idling knowledge, limited leveraging outside knowledge
Designed and developed with other outside partners
Inside knowledge + outside knowledge
‘We are smarter than Me!!’
In-House
Development
Collaborative
Development
Leveraging inside & outside knowledge
Open Source Software Development Model
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3. Benefits of Open Source SW Benefits of Open Source Software
Empower people, save money, save resources, increase stability, access to source code, access to skilled
community of developers
Develop the society by sharing technology & outcomes!!
1. Technological
Aspects
2. Economical
Aspects
3. Business
Aspects
4. Other
Aspects
Rapid development of high-
class SW
Increased stability by skilled
community review
Reduce technological gap
to leading proprietary SW
company
Internalize outside SW
developer resources
Very low adoption cost
Reduce SW development
cost
Easy to customize
Reuse successful story
Extend company’s
products portfolio
Open up new market by
providing diversified
services & products
Improve brand image of
company
Reduce energy
Self-Satisfaction
Help society
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4. Reasons Why Select Open Source
Open Source Advantages over Commercial SW(2007)
Open source’s price tag is clearly important driver. OSS is practically cheaper than commercial one.
57% said that accessibility to source code really matters and 41% cited community code review as an
important benefit over proprietary.
80%
57%
41%
20%
18%
15%
15%
15%
10%
6%
5%
0% 20% 40% 60% 80% 100%
Price
Source Code Access
Community Code Review
Don’t Know
Bug Fix Turnaround
Security
Code Quality
Best Product Functionality
Easier to Adopt in Organization
Other
IP Protection
Price & open source code are key factors!
* Source : Barracuda Networks
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4. Reasons Why Select Open Source Open Source as Better Quality Software(2013)
Source: BlackDuck Software, ‘2013 The Future of Open Source’
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4. Reasons Why Select Open Source Open Source as Better Quality Software(2014)
Source: BlackDuck Software, http://www.slideshare.net/blackducksoftware/2014-future-of-open-source-survey-results
1
2
3
4
Quality
Security
Ease of Deployment
Source Code Access
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01 l What is Open Source GIS?
02 | Why Open Source GIS?
03 | Characteristics of GIS
04 | GIS: Vertical Set of Many SW
Open Source GISII.
05 | Another Lego Block
06 | Rising of Open Source GIS
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1. What is Open Source GIS? Open Source GIS
• FOSS4G : Free Open Source Software for Geo-Spatial
• GeoFOSS : Geospatial Free Open Source Software
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2. Why Open Source GIS?
Current State & Needs of Open Source GIS
Boom-up of Open Source & Open Source GIS- Around 300 ~ 400 Open Source GIS projects are available (Freegis.org, 2011)
Advance of Open Source GIS- OSGeo Foundation : Commercial proprietary GIS SW can be replaced with Open Source GIS
- Google used Open Source based GDAL in its Google Earth program
- AutoDesk opend the source code of MapGuide, FDO & MetaCRS and then donated those to OSGeo
- ESRI actively used GDAL and also changed its ArcGIS GeoPortal Server to Open Source based one
Active adoption of Open Source GIS in UN, EU, USA , Canada and other countries
Current State
Want to meet lots of needs of GIS from public sectors
Want More with Less!!
Want to replicate other people & institution’s experience
Want to manage & modify the system by ourselves!!
Necessity
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3. Characteristics of GIS
Characteristics of GIS
GIS = Vertical Set of Many Software
• Interoperability is very crucial among components
• Linux, Apache, PHP are Horizontal based Software
• GIS is Vertical Architecture based one from DB to web client
GIS as Public Infrastructure = Spatial Data Infrastructure
• Vendor neutral, standard based architecture is very important
• Active standardization by ISO, OGC
Open Source GIS as another Lego Block
• Active implementation of “Standard Compatibility” by Open Source GIS
• Open Source GIS could replace commercial proprietary SW/Components
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4. GIS: Vertical Set of Many Software Characteristics of GIS : Vertical Set of Many Software
Data
DBMS
Server
Middleware
Interface
Client
Map Image DEM
Oracle PostgreSQL
ArcServer ArcSDE GeoServer MIP
ArcTMS TMS GeoWebCache
WMS WFS WCS CSW
ArcMAP Google Earth QGIS Web
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5. Another Lego Block
Open Source GIS as Substitute for Proprietary Software
ArcReader
ArcMap/ArcGIS
ArcINFO/ArcGRID
ArcPad
ArcSDE
ArcIMS
ArcGIS Server
VB, Python
uDig, GRASS, gvSIG, QGIS, OSSIM
uDig, GRASS, gvSIG, QGIS, OSSIM
GRASS, OSSIM, SEXTANTE
gvSIG mobile
PostGIS
Mapserver, GeoServer, DeeGree
GRASS, SEXTANTE
PHP, Python, Perl, C#.net, etc…
Viewing
Cartography
Analysis
Devices
Database
Web
Spatial Server
Scripting
• Source : Prof. Kwangwoo Nam
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5. Another Lego Block
FOSS4G Projects under OSGeo Umbrella
Geospatial Libraries
Web Mapping
Desktop GIS
Metadata Catalog
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5. Another Lego Block
C Tribe
OGR/GDAL
Mapserver
GRASS
PostGIS
OSSIM
Proj4
GEOS
QGIS
GMT
TerraLib
MapGuide
FDO
• Source : Tyler Mitchell
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5. Another Lego Block
Java Tribe
• Source : Tyler Mitchell
GeoTools
OpenMap
GeoServer
JTS
Topology
Suite
JUMP
uDig
DeeGree
gvSIGGeoAPI
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5. Another Lego Block
.Net Tribe
• Source : Tyler Mitchell
Proj.NetWorldWind
NTSSharpMap
MapWindow
GDAL
Proj4
JTS
OGR
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5. Another Lego Block
Web Tribe
• Source : Tyler Mitchell
MapBender
TileCache
MapBuilder
CartoWeb
PostGIS
WMS
Mapserver
OpenLayers
FeatureServer
Ka-Map
Geoserver
GeoExt
MapFish
OpenScales ExtJS
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JSTS
shapely
JTS Topology Suite(Geometry Engine)
Source: http://www.osgeo.org/files/tyler/images/siglibre_foss_sig_relacion.html
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6. Rising of Open Source GIS
Google Trends Analysis
* Source: http://www.google.com/trends/
ArcMap
QGIS
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01 l FOSS4G Based NSDI
02 | Real Cases
03 | Korean Cases
04 | Open GeoData
Open Source GIS ProjectsIII.
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1. FOSS4G Based NSDI
FOSS4B Based NSDI Architecture
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1. FOSS4G Based NSDI
FOSS4B Based System Architecture
Data
DBMS
Server
Middleware
Client
Open Street Map Open Aerial Map GeoNames
PostGIS
MapServer MapGuide GeoServer Deegree
Squid TMS GeoWebCache
QGIS
uDIG
Open Layers GeoExtMap Window
OWS Interface
World Wind LeafletOpen Scales
GRASS GeoNetwork
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1. FOSS4G Based NSDI
EU : INSPIRE
EU : INSPIRE
• Hybrid model mixing proprietary and foss4g
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2. Real Cases
Geo Bolivia
• Pursuing Open Source GIS based NSDI
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2. Real Cases IGN, France
Managing more than 100M spatial entities using PostGIS
http://www.ign.fr
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2. Real Cases MassGIS, USA
Using PostGIS, GeoServer, GeoExt with ESRI Products
http://maps.massgis.state.ma.us/map_ol/moris.php?Yes=Yes
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2. Real Cases MassGIS, USA
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2. Real Cases United Nations Open GIS Initiative
From ‘More with Less’ to ‘Better with Less’
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2. Real Cases
TD of Spiral 1 on Sep, OD of Spiral 1 will be on November.
United Nations Open GIS Initiative
• 2 times meeting was held and 3rd meeting will be held on November
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3. Korean Cases Open Source GIS Adoptions in Korea
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3. Korean Cases NSDI Portal
http://www.nsdi.go.kr/ http://www.gmap.go.kr
OpenLayers was used as main web client!
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3. Korean Cases
Korea Aerospace Research Institute and Korea Meteorological Administration
GeoServer, GWC, OpenLayers
http://arirang.kari.re.kr http://gis.kma.go.kr/COMIS4P/map/map.jsp
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3. Korean Cases
GeoServer, GWC, Squid, OpenLayers
[Smart Phone] [FOSS4B based Transport Information Service System Architecture]
National Transport Information Center
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3. Korean Cases
Site Suitability Analysis for Investment
PostGIS, MapServer, Open Scales
• Analysis Menu
• Analysis Results Window
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4. Open GeoData
OpenStreetMap
OSM is made & published by people’s participation!!
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4. Open GeoData
OpenStreetMap Activities for Typhoon Haiyan (2013)
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01 l OSGeo
02 | Goal & Activities
03 | Incubation
04 | Conferences
OSGeo IV.
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1. OSGeo – Open Source Geospatial Foundation
OSGeo - Open Source Geospatial Foundation
• Established in Chicago, US on 4th
February, 2006.
• Mission : To support the collaborative
development of open source
geospatial software, and promote its
widespread use.
• OSGeo is a NPO that is functioning as
community of communities.
OSGeo General
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2. Goal & Activities Goal & Activities of OSGeo
Goal Activities
Provide resources for FOSS4G projects
- Infrastructures
- Legal
- Financial
Promote free and open geospatial data
Create and maintain a quality brand
Create and promote free curriculum
Promote and contribute to standards
Support FOSS4G on a global scale
Support local activities and capacities
Facilitate inter-project communication
Build a solid market for business and users
Interface with industry and academia
Support the education of domain experts not
<brand specialists>
http://www.osgeo.org
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2. Goal & Activities OSGeo Live - Enterprise Ready Open Source GIS Stacks
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3. Incubation
OSGeo Incubation
• Efforts for ensuring high quality open source GIS development
• A kind of project health inspection
Have a successfully operating open and collaborative development community1
Have clear IP oversight of the code base of the project2
Adopt the OSGeo principles and operating principles3
Are mentored through the incubation process4
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4. Conferences FOSS4G Conference
• Annual largest open source GIS conference hosted by OSGeo
• FOSS4G 2017 was held at Boston and FOSS4G 2018 will be held at Dar es Salaam
Image source: https://www.flickr.com/groups/2926401@N22/pool/
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4. Conferences Regional and Local Conferences
• FOSS4G Asia, FOSS4G NA, FOSS4G Europe, and FOSS4G Africa as regional FOSS4G
• More than 15 local FOSS4G conferences
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01 l Pros & Cons
02 | Commercial Open Source GIS
03 | Wrap-up
Wrap-UpV.
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1. Pros & Cons
Economic Advantages – More with Less!
Hardware
Software
Overhead
System
Integration
Hardware
Software
Overhead
System
Integration
Additional
Development
<Previous Cost Structure> <FOSS4B based Cost Structure>
• Additional development
• Could increase jobs
• More with Less
• Users can focus on their
own job instead of
spending SW/HW
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1. Pros & Cons Social Advantages – Capacity Building
• Free access to open source GIS
• Source access to open source GIS
Image source: Gérald Fenoy, https://www.facebook.com/gerald.fenoy
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1. Pros & Cons
Proprietary
Software
Open Source
Software
“Software of the developers, by the developers, for the developers”
Highly depends on network effects
Less economical incentive could reduce the sustainability of a project
Downside of Open Source GIS
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1. Pros & Cons
Downside of Commercial Proprietary Software
ProprietarySoftware
Open SourceSoftware
“High Price” is always headache to users Can be locked-in to non standard format or protocol Black box could hinder knowledge diffusion
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2. Commercial Open Source GIS Companies
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3. Wrap-up
• Open Source GIS is basically free.
• The price of commercial Open Source GIS is lower than proprietary oneCost Reduction
• Almost all the Open Source GIS is compliant with OGC standards
• Open Source GIS can be used with existing proprietary GISInteroperability
• Anybody can modify & upgrade the system from the source code level
• Can easily replicate or migrate success cases to their system
Opened Source Code
• Collaboration, sharing & community based SW development model
• Source code will be managed by community not by company
• Neutrality from specific technology or company
• Anybody can join and contribute to Open Source GIS with OSGeo
Collaboration based SW
• Open Source GIS is now comparable with commercial proprietary GIS
• Open Source GIS is now actively adopted & used all around the world
Advance of Open Source
GIS
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Q & A
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Thank You!