Download - Introduction to Photography
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INTRODUCTION TO PHOTOGRAPHY
BYPETER HALL
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“YOUR FIRST 10,000 PHOTOGRAPHS ARE YOUR WORST”
HENRI CARTIER-BRESSON
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CONTENTS
• CAMERA TYPES• FOCAL LENGTH• EXPOSURE• SENSOR AND FILM SENSITIVITY• SHUTTER SPEED• APERTURE
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CAMERA TYPES
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FOCAL LENGTH
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10mm
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15mm
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20mm
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35mm
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50mm
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70mm
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100mm
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155mm
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200mm
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300mm
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EXPOSURE
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UNDER EXPOSED
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OVER EXPOSED
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CORRECTLY EXPOSED (?)
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EXPOSURE TRIANGLE
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EXPOSURE MODE
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SENSOR SENSITIVITY
• The ISO value is a measurement of the cameras film/sensors sensitivity to light
• The lower the number (e.g. 100) the more light that is needed but the better the quality
• The higher the number (e.g. 400) the less light that is needed but the poorer the quality
• ADVICE – use the lowest ISO value that you can !
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SHUTTER SPEED• The relationship between shutter speed and aperture is
fundamental to the understanding of exposure and photography on the whole. While the latter primarily controls depth of field, the former can transform images with presence of blurred motion or, at the other extreme, freeze an instant of time by thousandths of second.
• The term ‘shutter speed' refers directly to how long the shutter within your camera remains open, and therefore how much light is able to reach the sensor. Shutter speeds are measured in seconds and fractions of seconds - the longer the shutter remains open at a set aperture, the more light will reach your camera's sensor, and vice versa.
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• When looking to keep images sharp, a good general rule of thumb is thus - the maximum shutter speed you can use is 1/ your focal length. For example, take a focal length of 50mm - the longest shutter speed from which you can expect a sharp image is 1/50 second. Image stabilisation goes some way to extending this, but it's best not to rely on this if razor-sharp images are needed.
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CAMERA SHAKE
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ADVICE
• USE SHUTTER SPEED AS A CREATIVE TOOL IN PICTURE MAKING
• DOES EVERY PHOTOGRAPH NEED TO BE SHARP ?
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ROBERT CAPA
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SPORTS 1/4000
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1/40 SEC
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1 SEC
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10 SECS
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30 SECS
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PANNING 1/45 SEC
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CAMERA MOVEMENT 1/15 SEC
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APERTURE
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EXPOSURE TRIANGLE
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DEPTH OF FIELD
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DEPTH OF FIELD – DEEP – f22
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DEPTH OF FIELD – MEDIUM – f8
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DEPTH OF FIELD – SHALLOW – f1.8
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ADVICE
• USE APERTURE AS A CREATIVE TOOL IN PICTURE MAKING
• DOES ALL OF A PHOTOGRAPH NEED TO BE SHARP ?
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LANDSCAPE f13
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PORTRAIT f1.8
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MACRO f4
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MACRO f6.3
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f4.5
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“OF COURSE IT’S ALL LUCK”
HENRI CARTIER-BRESSON
http://ignite-images.co.uk
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