Download - IOSH Fire Safety Webinar Presentation 2018
‘Fire Safety’passive protection and routes to compliance
Tony Bolder
Prism Fire Risk Management Ltdwww.prismsafety.co.uk
Legislation and Guidance
Legislation conflict case study
Fire Dynamics
Compartmentation and Passive Fire Safety
Use of Regulation 38
Routes to Compliance for buildings >18m
Rapidly changing sector
Regulatory Reform (Fire Safety) Order 2005 (FSO)
Housing Act 2004/HHSRS
Building Regulations Approved Document B (Parts 1 & 2)
BS 9991 and BS 9999
BS 5839 1/6 BS 5266 BS 7671 BS 5306 BS 9990 BS 5499
Regulations: Management of HMO 2006 & 2007 / Smoke and Carbon Monoxide Alarm 2015
Gov.UK FRA Guides/ Building Design 100
PAS 79 FRA PAS 7 FMS
Industry Guides: GGF/IFSA/LACORS/ CFOA/ASFP/WISH/Risc Auth
Associations: IFE/FIA/FPA/IFSM/IFPM/IFSO
Internet: FireSafe/SafeLincs etc
Legislation Conflict?
Houses in Multiple Occupancy (HMO)/blocks of flats
FSO: Common parts of residential buildings
Housing Act: internal flats /bedsits etc by virtue of HHSRS section 24 `Fire`
FSO enforced by FRS
HHSRS enforced by LA EHO (who also use HA 2004 Section 10 for consultation with FRS on Category 1 risks)
Therefore under FSO ….FRA only required for communal areas and external fabric…
Legislation Conflict?
Source: Building a Safer Future
FSO Part 2 Article 9
The Responsible Person must make a suitable and sufficient assessment of the risks to which relevant persons are exposed
Legislation Conflict?
Case Study :
HMO East Ham London
Regulatory Reform (Fire Safety) Order 2005V
Housing Act 2004/HHSRS
Current FSO = 3.5 metres empty space with two doors
Legislation Conflict?
Who is responsible for the flat entrance doors?
Under Article 5.4 the leaseholder of the flat because:
However, responsible person for the `common areas` also has a duty to under Article 5.2:
Legislation Conflict?
Article 14 Emergency routes and exits, where 14 2 (b) :
Lets also add in:Management of HMO Regulations 2006 where:
Manager .....not responsible person
Legislation Conflict?
Manager, where regulation 2 (c )
But in relation to East Ham……
Ground floor flat leased by one companyFirst floor flat leased by a separate companyProperty owned by another companyNo known `manager`
Who has overall control and responsibility?
Legislation Conflict?
Building for a Safer Future (Hackitt Review)
Recommendation 3.7 (b)
“For other multi occ buildings LAs and FRS work more closely to ensure fire safety of whole building is assessed and regulated effectively”
Possible future change in FSO and HA?
Heat Transfer
Fire Dynamics
Compartmentation and Passive Fire Safety
ADB/BS9991/9999 based on `Means of Escape`(MoE) principles
Requirement to compartment areas by `passive` fire safety measures (non-interaction)
Attempts to `box in` identified risks and create safe `protected areas and routes`
Key elements of structure and where required, fire doors
Compartmentation and Passive Fire Safety
Floors/ceilings/walls
Normally either 30 minutes or 60 minutes fire resistance
Floor to ceiling (above any suspended ceilings)
Intrusions to be `fire-stopped`
Compartmentation and Passive Fire Safety
Source: ASFP Document XX
Compartmentation and Passive Fire Safety
Service piping/cabling
Intumescent collars mastics dependant upon size/material/thickness
Competent installers?
Fireboarding/Interlocking
Competent Builders?
Compartmentation and Passive Fire Safety
Pink Fire Foam
Cited as `fire rated` to Class B1 for fire `reaction` not resistance
Polyurethane based so will shrink in elevated temperatures and may combust to give off toxic fumes
Use of intumescent fire mastics BS 476-20 & 22BS EN 1366-4 for linear gapsBS EN 1366-3 for penetration seals
or use of intumescent collars/boxes
Compartmentation and Passive Fire Safety
Protected routes
Class 0 or 1 finishes to internal coverings
All suspended ceilings within protected routes to class 0 or 1 tiles(BS EN 13501-1 s1 d0 A2 rating)
Cabling to BS 7671 amendment 3 must be suitably supported to avoid collapse and potential entanglement of persons
Compartmentation and Passive Fire Safety
Fire Doors
Third party accreditation/notional types
Door set/door assembly
Ironmongery
Passive seals and gaps
Compartmentation and Passive Fire Safety
Fire Doors
Third party accreditation to BS 476 -22 or EN 1634
BWF `Certifire` scheme
BM Trada Q Mark
`FD` (`E`) type doors of 30/60/90/120 mins
Compartmentation and Passive Fire Safety
Fire Doors
Certification to each structural element (leaf/frame)TT FD30 TM FD60(S)
Only `approved competent persons` allowed to make changes to certified doors/frames(replace vision panels/insert letterplates)
Compartmentation and Passive Fire Safety
Only certain allowances permitted to certified door leaves
Non-certified doors are termed `notional` fire doors
Compartmentation and Passive Fire Safety
Fire Doors
Door set Door assembly
FD 30 Timber density softwood/hardwood 450kgs/m³ 15% moisture content 44mm thickness leaf
FD 60 Timber density hardwood only 640kgs/m³ 15% moisture content 54mm thickness leaf
Frames can have solid or `planted` rebates of 25 to 30mm
Compartmentation and Passive Fire Safety
Fire Doors
Ironmongery
100mm hinges (min 800°c melting) Stainless steel/brass x 3 c/w intumescent packing BS1935 Grade 7 or above
Self closers of either pivot-arm or concealed types BS 1154 power rating 3 or above
`Perko` type internal chains not effective as self-closures
All ironmongery must not breach core material of door leaf
Compartmentation and Passive Fire Safety
Fire Doors
Passive seals & gaps
Intumescent only strip (plastic/graphite types)
Combination cold smoke seals (brush or wipe)
Top and side rails 3mm
Bottom threshold 5-8mm (3mm if smoke seal)
When correctly fitted
Use of Regulation 38
Building Regulations 2010
Key is `responsible person` under the FSO
Use of Regulation 38
Article 3 FSO RP is:
Not necc `client` under CDM 2015
Potential loss of critical information?
Use of Regulation 38
Oct 2017 National Fire Chiefs Council identified:
Hackitt Review final report highlights:
Routes to Compliance for buildings over 18m
LINEARBASED ROUTE
MATERIAL PERFORMANCE
Defined by the materials being either listed,
or its ability to meet basic performance criteria
when subjected to simple small scale fire tests.
PERFORMANCEBASED ROUTE
EXACT SYSTEM TEST DATA
DESKTOP STUDY REPORT
FIRE SAFETY ENGINEERING ROUTE
SCIENTIFIC APPROACH
Uses large scale fire test data from BS 8414-1 &
BS 8414-2 demonstrating performance of complete
façade assembly in accordance with BR 135.
Requires empirical data, but not exacting system
test data, to determine application suitability in
accordance with BR 135.
Pre-defined minimum specifications for common
façade build-ups issued, assessed and approved by
warranty provider or house builder.
A sophisticated holistic approach based on
scientific principles from an integrated or a
‘Whole Building’ perspective.
Routes to Compliance for buildings over 18m
LINEARBASED ROUTE
MATERIAL PERFORMANCE
Defined by the materials being either listed,
or its ability to meet basic performance criteria
when subjected to simple small scale fire tests.
EXACT SYSTEM TEST DATA
FIRE SAFETY ENGINEERING ROUTE
A sophisticated holistic approach based on
scientific principles from an integrated or a
‘Whole Building’ perspective.
Basic Performance criteria
Simple small scale fire tests
`Class 0` and `Limited Combustibility`
ADB diagram 40 for external surfaces or walls (inc. cladding systems)
Source: ADB V2
`Class 0` and `Limited Combustibility`
Class 0 is a building regulations classification, not BS
To achieve class 0 need to pass BS 476 parts 6 & 7
BS 476 parts 6 & 7 are `reaction to fire tests` against the face of a sample
Any aluminium composite material (ACM) will be against the outer aluminium face only, not include the centre insulating core (PE / FR PuR / mineral wool)
Therefore can only be a `surface spread of flame` classification
BCA Technical Guidance Note 18 June 2014
BCA Technical Guidance Note 18 June 2014
BS 476 Part 6 & 7
`Class 0` and `Limited Combustibility`
ADB Vol 2 (England & Wales) `limited combustibility` allowed on buildings > 18 m
Table A7 Appendix A Para 13 (a)
Is the surface the aluminium face only or does it include the core?
`Class 0` and `Limited Combustibility`
ADB Section 12.7
DCLG report 30th June 2018
`Class 0` and `Limited Combustibility`
Clear confusion over the classification of ACM material core as `any element of the cladding system` when applying the linear
based route across the sector against class `0` rating for surface spread of flame
Supporting view
Paul Fuller, Chair of Fire Sector Federation: Fire Ex 2018
Source: SHP Online July 2018
PERFORMANCEBASED ROUTE
EXACT SYSTEM TEST DATA
DESKTOP STUDY REPORT
FIRE SAFETY ENGINEERING ROUTE
Uses large scale fire test data from BS 8414-1 &
BS 8414-2 demonstrating performance of complete
façade assembly in accordance with BR 135.
Requires empirical data, but not exacting system
test data, to determine application suitability in
accordance with BR 135.
BRE 135 Principles and guidance application with performance characteristics
BS 8414Large scale fire tests of complete façade assembly
Routes to Compliance for buildings over 18m
BR135
BR135
BR135
6 metre complete cladding system build with 1 Mega Watt fire crib
BS 8414 fire tests
LINEARBASED ROUTE
MATERIAL PERFORMANCE
PERFORMANCEBASED ROUTE
DESKTOP STUDY REPORT
FIRE SAFETY ENGINEERING ROUTE
SCIENTIFIC APPROACH
BS 8414 fire tests
Pre June 2017 little empirical data on testing results to match the statement of BR135 of rapidly changing designs
Government led BS 8414/BRE 135 tests June 2017
Rapidly changing sector
MATERIAL PERFORMANCE
PERFORMANCEBASED ROUTE
EACT SYSTEM TEST DATA
DESKTOP STUDY REPORTFIRE SAFETY
ENGINEERING ROUTESCIENTIFIC APPROAH
Requires empirical data, but not exacting system
test data, to determine application suitability in
accordance with BR 135.
March 2018 ASSA Abloy launch white paper on fire doors
April 2018 MHCLG consultation paper on restricting use of assessments in lieu of test (ended May 2018)
May 2018 `Building a Safer Future` final report with 53 recommendations
June 2018 MHCLG consultation on banning use of combustible materials in the external walls of high rise residential buildings (ends August 2018)
July 2018 MHCLG consultation on draft ADB (ends October 2018)
Rapidly changing sector
MATERIAL PERFORMANCE
PERFORMANCEBASED ROUTE
EACT SYSTEM TEST DATA
DESKTOP STUDY REPORTFIRE SAFETY
ENGINEERING ROUTESCIENTIFIC APPROAH
Requires empirical data, but not exacting system
test data, to determine application suitability in
accordance with BR 135.
Rapidly changing sector
MATERIAL PERFORMANCE
PERFORMANCEBASED ROUTE
EACT SYSTEM TEST DATA
DESKTOP STUDY REPORTFIRE SAFETY
ENGINEERING ROUTESCIENTIFIC APPROAH
Requires empirical data, but not exacting system
test data, to determine application suitability in
accordance with BR 135.
Default to A1/A2 European ratings or BRE 135/BS8414
Rapidly changing sector
MATERIAL PERFORMANCE
PERFORMANCEBASED ROUTE
EACT SYSTEM TEST DATA
DESKTOP STUDY REPORTFIRE SAFETY
ENGINEERING ROUTESCIENTIFIC APPROAH
Requires empirical data, but not exacting system
test data, to determine application suitability in
accordance with BR 135.Table A7
Thank you
www.prismsafety.co.uk