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CT String Design
Methodology for Extended
Reach Applications
ICoTA Canada Round TableHotel Arts – October 29th, 2014
Irma Galvan
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Outline
• Considerations
• CT size, Length, Grade, Minimum Wall Thickness.
• Wall thickness sections (transitions points)
• Pre-Job Modeling
• CT Force Matching
• CT Extended Reach Design Methodology
• Example 1 – 2-7/8” Ultra-Long Lateral Well
• Example 1 – Field Success
• Example 2 – 2-3/8” vs 2-5/8”
• Conclusions
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CT String Design Methodology
More sophisticated methods were created for
HIGH PRESSURE and EXTENDED REACHapplications that considers:
• Burst and Collapse predictions models for oval
tubing under axial loads,
• The effect of diametrical growth, elongation and wall
thinning,
• Tubing forces and lock-up behavior.
Basic techniques:• VME Safety Factor
• Consistent Overpull Value
TENSILE STRENGTH
BASED
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General Considerations
Mechanical PropertiesMechanical Properties
Fatigue PerformanceFatigue
Performance
Extended Reach
Extended Reach
Portability and Weight
Portability and Weight
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Extended Reach CT Designs Considerations
Wellbore Features
• Completion size
• Restrictions
• Kick off depth
• Build up rate
• Dogleg severity
Operation Challenges
• Max. Working Pressures
• CT flow Rates
• Annular Velocities
• Min. WOB
• BHA
Extended Reach Tools
• Tractors
• Agitators
• Water Hammers
• etc.
Fluid Additives
• Metal to Metal
• Beads
• Friction Reducers
Great impact on the well
friction coefficient
reduction
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1. OD size
2. Length
3. Grade
4. Minimum Wall
Thickness
5. Wall Thickness
Sections
Steps to design a CT string:
Von Mises Combined Stress(tri-axial stresses: axial, tangential and radial)
The limits must be larger by a safety factor than
the forces expected in any job of the string.
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It depends on:
• The strength/stiffness
needed along the length
of the tubing, for
OVERPULL and REACH.
• The weight restrictions (to
reduce transportation
logistics)
• and whether optimizing
string life is essential.
Wall thickness sections (transitions points)
Step Taper Wall Continuous Taper Wall SMARTaper™ Wall
0.204” ~
0.190” ~ 0.204”
0.204” ~
0.175”
0.204” ~
0.175”0.175
” ~ 0.145”
0.204” ~
0.175”
0.204”
0.190”
0.175”
0.156”
0.145”
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• Increase the CT stiffness, Minimizing string OD size &weight
• Reduce drag | friction between the coil and wellbore.
• Improveweight transfer (WOB)
• Maximize service life
Extended Reach CT Designs
CT String Design Methodology
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9
Increase
Predictability
of CT
operations
Pre-job Modeling | CT Force Matching
Cerberus Suit v11.5.17 for Coiled Tubing
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Laterals
Extended Reach CT Designs – Example 1
Ultra-long lateral wells from the Western Canadian
Sedimentary Basin with up to 2.65 depth ratio.
Cerberus Suit v11.5.17 for Coiled Tubing
As per the model, a 2⅞” (73.33mm) CT with 0.250” max wall thickness will reach bottom and have sufficient set-down force
for the milling operations.
Total Depth: 6,245 mTVD: 2,352 mMin Diameter: 4.778 in
Max. inclination: 93 deg
Max. dogleg: 9.731 °/30m
~3, 600m Lateral
ID: 5.920 in
ID: 4.778 in
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Extended Reach CT Designs - Process
Eff Force RIH
Eff Force POOH
Helical Buckling
0.156”
Lockup
1st Section Length= 2,830 m
MD 6,245m
TVD 2,352m
Cerberus Suit v11.5.17 for Coiled Tubing
2,350m
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Extended Reach CT Designs - Process
Eff Force RIH
Eff Force POOH
Helical Buckling
0.175”
46,590
Kg
MD 6,245m
TVD 2,352m
0.156”
Cerberus Suit v11.5.17 for Coiled Tubing
Lockup
2,350m
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Extended Reach CT Designs - Process
Eff Force RIH
Eff Force POOH
Helical Buckling
MD 6,245m
TVD 2,352m
Cerberus Suit v11.5.17 for Coiled Tubing
0.204”
50,544
Kg
New Section Length= 205 m
0.156”
.175”
Lockup
2,350m
0.224”
52,984
Kg
New Section Length= 155 m
0.156”
.175”
.204”
Lockup
2,350m
0.236”
54,355
Kg
New Section Length= 112 m
0.156”
.175”
.204”
.224”
Lockup
2,350m
0.156”0.250”
.175”
.204”
55,874
Kg
.236”
.224”
Lockup
2,350m
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Extended Reach CT Designs - Process
Cerberus Fatigue Modeling
73mm x | 0.250" - 0.156" | x 90,000 psi SMYS
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0.156”
Extended Reach CT Designs - Process
Eff Force RIH
Eff Force POOH
Helical Buckling
0.175”
.250”
.204”
Lockup
56,342
Kg
MD 6,245m
TVD 2,352m
KOP ~2,000m
.224”.236”
To avoid wear and fatigue accumulation while milling operations
Cerberus Suit v11.5.17 for Coiled Tubing
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Extended Reach CT Designs – Example 1
57,130
Kg
Final Weight
0.250”
0.175”
SMARTaper™
0.156”
SMARTaper™
0.250” - 0.204” 455 m (1,493’)
0.250”
0.175”
0.156”
0.250” - 0.204”
The SMARTaper™ technology was used
to quickly vary the wall thickness
along the length of the string without
adding tapered bias welds.
Benefit:
Increase tubing strength in the bias
welds of the thinnest sections to
reduce bending fatigue and maximize
operational safety at the well-site.
131,792
Lb
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Success Results
• Utilizing a custom SMARTaper™ 2-7/8” coiled tubing
string, the service company successfully milled up to 18
plugs per well and reached a maximum depth of ~6,275
m (20,587 ft).
Extended Reach CT Designs – Example 1
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Extended Reach CT Designs – Example 1
Retired at 182,824 running meters
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19
Extended Reach CT Designs – Example 2
2 ⅜” (63.33mm)
TD: 5,957m TVD: 2,520m Lateral: 3,437m Min. diameter: 4.778“ (121.36mm) Max. inclination: 93° Max. dogleg: 18.269 °/100ft /30m FR 0.25 RIH 0.25 POOH
0.1
56”
0.1
75”
0.2
04”
Design 1
0.2
24”
0.2
36”
0.1
45”
Design 2
43,794
Kg
48,073
Kg
2 ⅝” (66.6mm)
0.2
24
”0
.23
6”
0.1
45
”
0.1
56
”0
.17
5”
0.2
04
”
0.2
24
”
0.2
36
”
0.1
56
”
0.1
56
”
+645 m
Cerberus Suit v11.5.17 for Coiled Tubing
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20
Extended Reach CT Designs – Example 2
Fatigue ComparisonCerberus® Fatigue Modeling
2 ⅜" vs 2 ⅝
2 ⅝” - 140in GR | 110in RC
2 ⅜” - 120in GR | 100in RC
2 ⅝” - 120in GR | 110in RC+10% fatigue
2 ⅝” - 120in (305cm) GR
2 ⅝” - 140in (356cm) GR
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2121
Conclusions
Extended Reach CT designs are an
Iterative optimization based on:
� The interrelation of the CT use limitations
� Pre-job modeling
� Selection of the optimal wall thickness and
transition points
� CT manufacturer capabilities
Over 75+ Extended Reach strings designs are working on the field
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Thanks to ICoTA Canada for the
opportunity to present today.
Questions?
Irma Galvan281-825-1000 (Cell)
713-265-5000 (Office)
www.global-tubing.com
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Nominal Weight 94,743 42,975 105,982 48,073 118,694 53,839 122,318 55,483
Burst Internal Yield Pressure 80% (Mpa)
Collapse Pressure 80% (Mpa)
Maximum Fatigue Life % Aplication Factor 1
Running Meters
Reach (m)
Weight on Bit (daN)
Maximun Pick up Force (daN) Based on 80% of yield strength
Pump Pressure (Mpa)
Annular velocity (m/min)
Grade
45 45 49 49
100,000 psi SMYS 100,000 psi SMYS 100,000 psi SMYS 100,000 psi SMYS
9,554 10,907 12,422 13,109
32.3 33.5 29.6 29.8
5,273 5,916 No Lock-Up No Lock-Up
-249 -469
46% 38% 46% 40%
196,696 196,696 196,696 196,696
75 70 68 68
-32 -28 -26 -26
ACTUAL DESIGN Proposed Design Option 1 Option 2
| 0.190" ~ 0.156" | | 0.236" ~ 0.145" | | 0.224" ~ 0.156" | | 0.224" ~ 0.156" |
2 ⅜" CT 2 ⅝" CT
at 400 L/minat 400 L/min at 400 L/min at 400 L/min
lbs lbs lbs lbskg kg kg kg
23
Extended Reach CT Designs – Example 2
2 ⅜” 0.156”0.175”0.190”
0.224” 0.236” 0.145”
Current
Proposed
0.224” 0.156”
0.156”0.236”
Reach Comparison
2 ⅝”Current
Proposed
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CT OD size
CT Desired Length
Desired Grade
Desired Minimum
Wall Thickness
Desired Pressure
Rating
String Design Basic Techniques
• Consistent Overpull Capacity
• Uniform Stress σa/ σy
Rule:
Design the string to have the
minimum overpull towards
the upper end.
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String Design Basic Techniques - Examples
Consistent Overpull Capacity
Uniform Stress σa/ σy
σy O.D.Top Wall
Nominal Length
Section
Weight
Cummulative
Weight
Yield Load
at 100%
Overpull at
100%
Overpull at
80% σa/ σy
psi in in ft lb lb lb lb lb %
90,000 2.375 0.134 13,100 42,120 42,120 84,910 42,790 25,808 50%
90,000 2.375 0.145 900 3,120 45,240 91,430 46,190 27,904 50%
90,000 2.375 0.156 900 3,340 48,580 97,880 49,300 29,724 50%
90,000 2.375 0.175 1,300 5,360 53,940 108,860 54,920 33,148 50%
90,000 2.375 0.19 1,000 4,440 58,380 117,380 59,000 35,524 50%
90,000 2.375 0.204 800 3,790 62,170 125,220 63,050 38,006 50%
σy O.D.Top Wall
Nominal Length
Section
Weight
Cummulative
Weight
Yield Load
at 100%
Overpull
at 100%
Overpull at
80%σa/ σy
psi in in ft lb lb lb lb lb %
90,000 2.375 0.134 8,100 26,040 26,040 84,910 58,870 41,888 31%
90,000 2.375 0.145 1,900 6,580 32,620 91,430 58,810 40,524 36%
90,000 2.375 0.156 1,700 6,300 38,920 97,880 58,960 39,384 40%
90,000 2.375 0.175 2,700 11,130 50,050 108,860 58,810 37,038 46%
90,000 2.375 0.19 1,900 8,450 58,500 117,380 58,880 35,404 50%
90,000 2.375 0.204 1,700 8,060 66,560 125,220 58,660 33,616 53%
2⅜” x |0.134”-0.204”| x 18,000 ft (~5,500m)