Iron & steel industry in China
Quit
What are the locational What are the locational changes in the iron and schanges in the iron and steel industry in China?teel industry in China?
Iron & steel industry in China
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How important is the iron and steel industry in China?
Iron and steel industry is a very important industry be
cause it provides basic _____________ used by many
other industries.
raw materials
Iron and steel industry is very
important to China too.
Do you know what China’s
rank in the world is in
terms of steel production?
Iron & steel industry in China
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How important is the iron and steel industry in China?
Major crude steel producers in the world, 2005
Which bar shows China’s
data?
South Korea
RussiaUSAJapanChina
What is China’s share in world
steel production?
______% 30.9
Iron & steel industry in China
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How important is the iron and steel industry in China?
Major net importers of steel, 2004
Although China produces a lot of
steel, it still needs to import plenty of steel to meet domestic
demand.
ItalyIranThailandUSA China
What is China’s rank as a net
importer of steel in the world?
Why does China need to produce and consume so
much steel?
Iron & steel industry in China
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What is the spatial distribution of the iron and steel industry in China?1950s
In this period, iron and steel works were mainly concentrated in the __________, for e
xample,north-east
What were the major locational factors of the iron and steel industry in China during
this period?
Anshan
Iron & steel industry in China
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Locational effectMajor locational factors
_______________
To save transport costs
- iron ore
- limestone
They are heavy and ______
Locate near to iron ore fields
_______________-oriented
What is the spatial distribution of the iron and steel industry in China?1950s
Raw materialsbulky
Raw material
Iron & steel industry in China
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Locational effectMajor locational factors
________________
To save transport costs
- coal
It is heavy and _________
Locate near to coal mines
______________-oriented
What is the spatial distribution of the iron and steel industry in China?1950s
Power resources bulky
Power
Iron & steel industry in China
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What is the spatial distribution of the iron and steel industry in China?
Anshan
1950s1950s
Early 1950s to late 1970s
Iron & steel industry in China
Quit
What is the spatial distribution of the iron and steel industry in China?
Anshan
1950s1950s
Early 1950s to late 1970s1970s1970s
How did the distribution of iron and steel works change
during this period?
…and even to the West (e.g. Urumqi)
Can you give any examples of major iron and steel centres found in the Central?
Baotou
Taiyuan
Wuhan
Panzhihua
What were the major locational factors of the iron and steel industry in China during this period?
Inland shiftto the
Central…
Iron & steel industry in China
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Locational effectMajor locational factors
Raw materials Raw material-oriented
What is the spatial distribution of the iron and steel industry in China?Early 1950s to late 1970s
Power resources Power-oriented
Iron & steel industry in China
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Locational effectMajor locational factors
What is the spatial distribution of the iron and steel industry in China?Early 1950s to late 1970s
_____________ policyGovernment
- _________ reasons:avoid industries from
being attacked
- _________ reasons:~ balance economic
development~ relieve the problem of
overpopulation in the coastal regions
strategic
social
_______ shift of industriesInland
Iron & steel industry in China
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What is the spatial distribution of the iron and steel industry in China?Early 1950s to late 1970s
Government policy is a particularly important locational factor in China not only in this period but also in the later peri
od. Do you know why?
It is because the economy in China is________________.
Most iron and steel works are
_______________.
state-planned
state-owned
Iron & steel industry in China
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How does the distribution of iron and steel works change
during this period?
There is a gene
ral shift to the _
_______
regions.
coastal
What is the spatial distribution of the iron and steel industry in China?
1970s1970sEarly 2000sEarly 2000s
Can you name some of the major iron and ste
el centres?
What are the major locational factors of iron and steel industry in China nowadays?
1980s to the present
Shanghai
BeijingAnshan
Iron & steel industry in China
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Locational effectMajor locational factors
What is the spatial distribution of the iron and steel industry in China?
Government policy
- _______ policy
- the policy of ‘having some regions developed first’
open
Shift of industries to the _________ regionscoastal
1980s to the present
Iron & steel industry in China
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Locational effectMajor locational factors
What is the spatial distribution of the iron and steel industry in China?
_______________ advancements- use of new
furnaces
Technological Less coal and iron ore are used
1980s to the present
The locational importance of _________________ and _____________ decreases
- _______ iron can be used
The locational importance of ________ and __________ _________ increases
raw materialspower resources
scrap
market
- use of ________ carriers and better railway transport
bulk
Lower transport costs of power resources and raw materials
coastallocation
Iron & steel industry in China
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export
import
What is the spatial distribution of the iron and steel industry in China?1980s to the present
Why does the coastal location
become more important?
Why does the coastal location
become more important?
It is because:
it is easier to _______raw materials from overseas;
it is easier to _______finished products to overseas markets.
Iron & steel industry in China
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What other favourable locational factors coastal regions have?
What is the spatial distribution of the iron and steel industry in China?1980s to the present
( Small / Big ) markets
_______________economies
Agglomeration
Iron & steel industry in China
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What is the spatial distribution of the iron and steel industry in China?1980s to the present
Well-developed
transport networks
and i_____________Shekou Port, Shenzhen
nfrastructure
and…
Main railway line
Line under construction
Railway junction/ Terminus
Iron & steel industry in China
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What is the spatial distribution of the iron and steel industry in China?1980s to the present
___________flat land
Extensive
Can get land through______________reclamation
Water for_________cooling
Iron & steel industry in China
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East 47%
Central 35%
West 18%
What is the spatial distribution of the iron and steel industry in China?1980s to the present
Abundant supply of__________ labour
Percentage of graduates with senior secondary education or above in the three economic regions, 2003skilled
Iron & steel industry in China
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What is the spatial distribution of the iron and steel industry in China?1980s to the present
On the other hand, problems in the
inland areas discourage industrial
development. For example,
Far away from major markets Poor transport
networks and lowa___________ ccessibility
__________climateExtreme
_________ relief
Rugged
_________population
Small
Mainly____________
labourunskilled
Uneconomicalto exploit the
resources
Iron & steel industry in China
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What is the spatial distribution of the iron and steel industry in China?To conclude…
Major locational factors:
1950s1950s
- ________________Raw materials
Main location:
- ________________Power resources
- _____________North-east
Iron & steel industry in China
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What is the spatial distribution of the iron and steel industry in China?
1950s-1970s1950s-1970s
- ________________Raw materials
Main location:
- ________________Power resources
- Shift to ________areas
inland
- ________________Government policy
Major locational factors:
Iron & steel industry in China
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What is the spatial distribution of the iron and steel industry in China?
1980s onwards1980s onwards
- ________________
Main location:
- ________________ ________________
- Shift to _________regions
coastal
- Increase the locational pull of _________
Government policyTechnological
markets
advancements
Major locational factors:
Iron & steel industry in China
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___________ in Liaoning
Reasons:- Building new steel plants
elsewhere is costly
- If _________ costs > costs ________________
- Moving the ___________ is costly
Industrial ________
Has there been any industrial inertia in the iron and steel industry in China?
Have you noticed which major iron and steel centre
thrives throughout the period from the 1950s to present?
Why?
industry may stay behind
Anshan
machinery
movingsaved by moving
inertia
Iron & steel industry in China
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Has there been any industrial inertia in the iron and steel industry in China?
Are there any other reasons for Anshan to remain as one of the major iron and s
teel centresin China?
Presence of infrastructure
Presence of infrastructure
Goodtransport
Goodtransport
Agglomeration economies
Agglomeration economiesLong history of
development
Long history of development
Iron & steel industry in China
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What are the problems of the iron and steel industry in China?
Iron ore (million tonnes)
Electricity (million tonnes of coal equivalent)
Production Consumption
468336
1,846 1,970
This table shows the production and consumption
amount of iron ore and electricity in China in 2004.
What problem does the iron and steel industry in
China face?
Problems that the industry faces
Iron & steel industry in China
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What are the problems of the iron and steel industry in China?
Iron ore (million tonnes)
Electricity (million tonnes of coal equivalent)
Production Consumption
468336
1,846 1,970
Problems that the industry faces
There is a __________ of raw materials and electricity.shortage
China is now the largest iron ore importer in the world.
Besides the problem above, transporting raw materials and finished steel products has also imposed great pressure on the ________ and __________ sectors. railway shipping
Iron & steel industry in China
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What are the problems of the iron and steel industry in China?Problems caused by the industryEnvironmental problems
produces
Sulphur dioxide (SO2)
Sulphur dioxide (SO2)and nitrogen oxides (NO
x)
Carbon dioxide (CO2)
+Water droplets
Smog
+Water vapour
Acid rain
Globalwarming
Iron & steel industry in China
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What are the problems of the iron and steel industry in China?Problems caused by the industrySocio-economic problems______________ of iron and steel works outdated, medium- and small-scale iron and steel works…
ClosedClosed
Closed ORRestructured Restructured
Workers are laid off __________________ problems_______________ Unemployment
Socio-economic
Modernization
Iron & steel industry in China
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Iron & steel industry in China
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Imports of iron ore in China, 1980-2004
What is the trend of the
imports of iron ore in China?
What is the trend of the
imports of iron ore in China?
Increasing. Increasing.
How does this trend affect the location of iron
and steel industry?
How does this trend affect the location of iron
and steel industry?
The industry tends to locate in coastal
regions.
The industry tends to locate in coastal
regions.
Iron & steel industry in China
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Exports of steel products in China, 1980-2004
What is the trend of the exports of
steel products in China?
What is the trend of the exports of
steel products in China?
Increasing. Increasing.
How does this trend affect the location of iron
and steel industry?
How does this trend affect the location of iron
and steel industry?
The industry tends to locate in coastal
regions.
The industry tends to locate in coastal
regions.