Is a Ton of Material Worth a Ton of Work?
Stephanie Boyd, Williams College, [email protected] Charley Stevenson, Integrated Eco Strategy, [email protected]
Deconstructing Deconstruction
• Overview of project
• Three scenarios
• Methodology
• Analysis of findings
• Financial analysis
• Transportation impact
• Lessons learned
Agenda
1794
1872
1919
2011
www.youtube.com/watch?v=tXS6HcKXJ6o
Kellogg – Originally thePresident’s House and currently one of the oldest structures (1794) on campus
Before…
Kellogg House- 1794
Seeley House - 1868
Deconstruction…1
43
2
Deconstruction…
Moving Kellogg…
Video of Kellogg House Move
Landfill
Energy recovery
Recycling
Reuse
Source reduction
Waste hierarchyAvoid for LEED100% Diversion LBC
Avoid for LEED
Perform for LEED
Perform for LEED
FOUNDATION REMOVED and RECYCLED
BASE CASE(Theoretical)
ACTUAL STORY
MAXIMUM REUSE-RECYCLE
(Theoretical)
MOST Material LandfilledSOME Material Landfilled
Some Relocation
Most Material NOT Landfilled
Some Relocation
Scenarios we considered…
Mate
rial
Alum
inum
Fiberg
lassOth
er
CopperGlass
Wood Flo
oring
Carpet
Asphalt
Shingles
Drywall
Steel
Scrap W
ood
Mixed C&D
Clean Wood
Concrete
0
100
200
300
400
500
600
700
800
0 0.12 0.15 0.39 1.11 1.17 1.27 1.35 3.77 6.9 9.04 25 45.3 46.91
744.93
Weight of Materials Removed
Ton
s
Alum
inum
Fiberg
lassOth
er
CopperGlass
Wood Flo
oring
Carpet
Asphalt
Shingles
Drywall
Steel
Scrap W
ood
Mixed C&D
Clean Wood
0
5
10
15
20
25
30
35
40
45
50
Weight of Materials (no Foundation)
Ton
s
EPA’s: WAste Reduction Model
Range of Emissions Impact by Material
Source: www.epa.gov/climatechange/waste/calculators/Warm_home.html
METALS
WeightDisposal
EmissionsReuse
EmissionsRecycle
EmissionsCombustion Emissions
Landfill Emissions
Material Tons Tonnes Tonnes Tonnes Tonnes Tonnes
Aluminum 0.12 -1.47 0.00 -1.47 0.00 0.00Fiberglass 0.15 0.01 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.01
Other 0.39 Copper 1.11 -4.96 0.00 -4.96 0.00 0.01Glass 1.17 0.05 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.05
Wood Flooring 1.27 0.10 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.10Carpet 1.35 0.06 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.06
Asphalt Shingles 3.77 0.18 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.18Drywall 6.90 0.93 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.93
Steel 9.04 -14.60 0.00 -14.64 0.00 0.04Scrap Wood 25.00 -26.94 0.00 0.00 0.00 -26.94Mixed C&D 45.30 -13.97 0.00 0.00 0.00 -13.97Clean Wood 46.91 -50.55 0.00 0.00 0.00 -50.55
Concrete 744.93 -7.63 0.00 -7.63 0.00 0.00Total 887.40 -118.79 0.00 -28.70 0.00 -90.09
% of Total Emissions 0.00 0.24 0.00 0.76
Base Case• Metals and concrete
recycled
• Other materials landfilled
WeightProcessing/Transport Emissions
Reuse Emissions
Recycle Emissions
Combustion Emissions
Landfill Emissions
Material Tons Tonnes Tonnes Tonnes Tonnes Tonnes
Aluminum (recycled) 0.12 -1.63 0.00 -1.63 0.00 0.00Fiberglass (reused) 0.15 -0.07 -0.07 0.00 0.00 0.00
Other 0.39 Copper (recycled) 1.11 -5.51 0.00 -5.51 0.00 0.00
Glass (reused) 1.17 -0.69 -0.69 0.00 0.00 0.00Wood Flooring (reused) 1.27 -5.18 -5.18 0.00 0.00 0.00Carpet (recycled, reused) 1.35 -4.21 -2.49 -1.71 0.00 0.00
Asphalt Shingles (recycled) 3.77 -0.31 0.00 -0.31 0.00 0.00Drywall (recycled) 6.90 0.35 0.00 0.35 0.00 0.00
Steel (reused, recycled) 9.04 -21.07 -9.37 -11.70 0.00 0.00Scrap Wood (landfill) 25.00 -19.06 0.00 0.00 -5.59 -13.47Mixed C&D (landfill) 45.30 -13.97 0.00 0.00 0.00 -13.97
Clean Wood (reused, recycled) 46.91 -105.57 -41.65 -63.93 0.00 0.00Concrete (recycled) 744.93 -7.63 0.00 -7.63 0.00 0.00
Total 887.40 -184.57 -59.46 -92.08 -5.59 -27.44
The Actual Story
• Higher reuse
• Higher recycling
• Some landfill
By weight, most material was recycled.
Reused
Recycle
d
Combusti
on
Landfill
0%
20%
40%
60%
80%
100%
Materials by Disposal Strategy
Reused
Recycle
d
Combusti
on
Landfill
0%
20%
40%
60%
80%
100%
Non-Foundation Materials by Disposal Strategy
Significant portion of non-foundation materials was landfilled.
Weight Disposal Emissions
Reuse Emissions
Recycle Emissions
Combustion Emissions
Landfill Emissions
Maximize Reuse Recycling Assumptions
Material Tons Tonnes Tonnes Tonnes Tonnes Tonnes Aluminum 0.12 -1.63 0.00 -1.63 0.00 0.00 Fiberglass Insulation 0.15 -0.07 -0.07 0.00 0.00 0.00 Other 0.39 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 Copper 1.11 -5.51 0.00 -5.51 0.00 0.00 Glass 1.17 -0.69 -0.69 0.00 0.00 0.00 Wood Flooring 1.27 -5.18 -5.18 0.00 0.00 0.00 Carpet 1.35 -4.97 -4.33 -0.64 0.00 0.00 80% reused, compared to 46%Asphalt Shingles 3.77 -0.52 -0.36 -0.16 0.00 0.00 50% reused, rather than recycledDrywall 6.90 0.35 0.00 0.35 0.00 0.00 Steel 9.04 -21.07 -9.35 -11.71 0.00 0.00 Medium Density Fiberboard/Scrap Wood
25.00 -61.47 0.00 -61.47 0.00 0.00 100% recycled rather than combusted, landfilled
Mixed Construction and DemolitionDebris
45.30 -25.20 0.00 -25.20 0.00 0.00 100% recycled rather than landfilled
Dimensional Lumber/Clean Wood 46.91 -114.41 0.00 -114.41 0.00 0.00100% recycled rather than reusedConcrete 744.93 -7.63 0.00 -7.63 0.00 0.00 Total 887.40 -248.00 -19.99 -228.01 0.00 0.00
Maximum Reuse and Recycling
Emissions Savings by Scenario
Base Case - Demoli-tion
Actual Story Maximum Reuse and Recycing
Material Pro-cessing/Dis-posal
-120.58024747795 -186.555241415025 -250.555255740594
Transporta-tion
1.7878895366073 1.99013100237525 2.55494591470349
Demolition/Deconstruc-tion
3.078432 2.9013 2.9013
Excavation of Foundation
3.192448 3.192448 3.192448-275
-225
-175
-125
-75
-25
25
Emissions Savings For Each ScenarioEm
issi
ons
Sav
ings
(to
nne
s)
Most emissions benefit due to wood
Alu
min
um (
recy
cled
)
Fibe
rgla
ss (
reus
ed)
Oth
er
Copp
er (
recy
cled
)
Gla
ss (
reus
ed)
Woo
d Fl
oori
ng (
reu.
..
Carp
et (
recy
cled
, re.
..
Asp
halt
Shi
ngle
s (r
e...
Dry
wal
l (re
cycl
ed)
Stee
l (re
used
, rec
yc...
Scra
p W
ood
(lan
dfill
)
Mix
ed C
&D
(la
ndfi
ll)
Clea
n W
ood
(reu
sed,
...
Conc
rete
(re
cycl
ed)0.00%
10.00%
20.00%
30.00%
40.00%
50.00%
60.00%
70.00%
80.00%
90.00%
100.00%
% of Total Weight% of Total Emissions
Concrete – lot of weight, small benefit.
….and metals.
Costs Demolition Actual Maximum
Foundation $ 10 000 $ 10 000 $ 10 000
Deconstruction/Demolition $ 40 000 $ 155 000 $ 155 000
Total $ 50 000 $ 165 000 $ 165 000
Cost per tonne emissions $ -1 744 $ -889
Cost per ton of material $ 56 $ 186 $ 186
Financial Analysis
How far should you drive?Example: 130 miles to Boston
Reuse Recycle Landfill Combust(Miles) (Miles) (Miles) (Miles)
Aluminum 111,000 97,000Copper 53,000 35,000 Wood Flooring 29,000 4,000Carpet 28,600 17,000Steel 26,400 13,000 11,000Medium density Fiberboard 15,900 18,000 8000 3,000Dimensional Lumber 14,400 18,000 8000 3,000Glass 4,300 2,000 Fiberglass Insulation 3,600 Drywall 1,500 200 Asphalt Shingles 1,400 700 2,000Mixed C&D 4,000 2,000 1,000 Concrete 80
• Reuse or recycle as much of the wood as possible
• Concrete has minimal impact on emissions
• Are we measuring/evaluating the right things?
• Transportation not as important as we thought!
• Planning, planning, planning
Lessons Learned
Stephanie BoydDirector Zilkha Center for Environmental InitiativesWilliams [email protected]
Charley StevensonIntegrated Eco StrategyWilliamstown, [email protected]
QUESTIONS AND COMMENTS
Special thanks to JJ Augenbraun, Williams Class of 2011!