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Islam in the Medieval
World
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From East to West• At its height in the Middle Ages, Muslims ruled an empire
from the Atlantic to the Indus River valley in modern Pakistan, a region that stretched across 5000 miles
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Arabic Tradition• Tribal society• Followers of traditional gods
and goddesses, one of whom was called Allah [the supreme/creator god]• No systems of feudalism or
manorialism
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Muhammad• Born in 570• Works in the caravan trade• Begins having visions /
trances in 610• Develops a group of
followers, called Muslims
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Terminology • Allah = ilah [deity or god] + the definite article al-; like going from god to God; Christian Arabs also use the term Allah• Islam = submission or surrender to God • Muslim = one who submits to God
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Expansion during the Middle Ages
• 637: Muslim armies conquer Syria• 638: Muslim armies conquer Iraq• 642: Muslim armies conquer Egypt• 651: Muslim armies conquer Iran• 705-715: Muslim armies conquer
Central Asia and Sind• 711-720: Muslim armies conquer
Iberian Peninsula [Spain]
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Expansion:
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The Bayt Al-Hikma
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English Words Derived from Arabic
• Algebra• Assassin• Coffee• Gazelle• Hazard• Lilac• Mattress• Syrup• Zero