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Islam
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Objectives and State Standards
• I can identify the physical landscape of the Islamic world (7.3)
• I can examine the origins of Islam with Judaism and Christianity and the basic beliefs. (7.5)
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Geography of Arabia (Middle East)The Arabian Peninsula and
Southwest Asia (often referred to as the Middle East) was a cultural bridge between Africa, Europe and Asia where goods were traded and new ideas were shared. One set of shared ideas would become a powerful change in the world—the religion of Islam
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Life in the Arabian PeninsulaThe Arabian Peninsula is a
crossroads of three continents—Africa, Europe and Asia. At its longest and widest points, the peninsula is 1200 miles from north to south and 1300 miles from east to west.
Only a tiny strip of fertile land in south Arabia can support agriculture. The remainder of the land is mostly desert and inhabited by nomadic herders.
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Life in the Arabian PeninsulaOn this desert, the nomadic
Arabs called Bedouins (bed·oh·ins), were organized into tribes called clans. These clans provided security and support for a life made difficult by the extreme conditions of the desert. The Bedouin ideals of courage, loyalty to family and their warrior skills would become a part of the Islamic way of life.
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Life in the Arabian PeninsulaBy the early 600’s AD,
trade routes connected Arabia to major ocean and land trade routes.
Merchants moved along the Silk Road for goods from the of the Empires of the east. They also carried new ideas and technologies from lands outside of Arabia.
Silk Road
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IslamAn Abrahamic Religion
IslamAn Abrahamic Religion Muslims are strict monotheists.
They believe in the Judeo- Christian God, which they call Allah.
Muslims believe that the Torah and the Bible, like the Qur’an, is the word of God.
Peoples of the BookPeoples of the Book
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Abraham’s GenealogyAbraham’s Genealogy
ABRAHAMABRAHAM SARAHSARAHHAGARHAGAR
IsaacIsaac
EsauEsauJacobJacob
12 Tribes of Israel
12 Tribes of Israel
Ishmael
Ishmael
12 Arabian Tribes
12 Arabian Tribes
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The Prophetic Tradition
The Prophetic Tradition
Adam
Noah
Abraham
Moses
Jesus
Muhammad
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The Origins of the Qur’an
The Origins of the Qur’an Muhammad received his first
revelation from the angel Gabriel in the Cave of Hira in 610.
622 Hijrah Muhammed flees Mecca for Medina. * The beginning of the Muslim calendar (1 A.H.)
Muhammad’s revelations were compiled into the Qur’an after his death.
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The Qur’anThe Qur’an Muslims believe it contains the word of God.
114 suras (chapters).
In the name of Allah, the compassionate, the merciful. Written in Arabic.
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The life of the Prophet Mohammed
Mohammad was born into the clan of a powerful Meccan family. Orphaned at the age of six, Mohammad was raised by his grandfather and uncle. He received very little schooling and soon entered the caravan trade industry.
Mohammad took great interest in religion and often spent time alone in prayer & meditation. At about the age of 40, Mohammad's life was changed overnight when a voice called to him while meditating. According to Muslim beliefs, the voice was that of the angel Gabriel who told Mohammad that he was a messenger of Allah.
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The life of the Prophet MohammedMohammad had begun to teach that Allah
was the one and only God and that all other Gods were to be abandoned. People who agreed to this basic principal of Islam were called Muslims.
Islam means “one who submits to the will of Allah”
Muslim means “one who has submitted.”
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The Holy City of MeccaDuring certain holy months, caravans stopped Mecca, a city on the Arabian Peninsula. They brought religious pilgrims who came to worship at an ancient shrine called the Ka’aba. The Arabs associated this house of worship with Abraham, a Hebrew prophet and a believer of one God.. The concept of belief in one God, Allah in Arabic, was well known on the Arabian peninsula as many Christians & Jews already lived there. It was here in this religiously mixed environment of Mecca, around 570 A
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The Holy City of MeccaDuring certain holy months, caravans stopped Mecca, a city on the Arabian Peninsula. They brought religious pilgrims who came to worship at an ancient shrine called the Ka’aba. The Arabs associated this house of worship with Abraham, a Hebrew prophet and a believer of one God.. The concept of belief in one God, Allah in Arabic, was well known on the Arabian peninsula as many Christians & Jews already lived there. It was here in this religiously mixed environment of Mecca, around 570 AD Mohammad was born.
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The Ka’ aba (House of Wisdom)
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Beliefs & Practices of Islam
To be a Muslim means to follow a strict moral code of behavior known as the Five Pillars of Islam.
The main teaching of Islam is there is only one God, Allah. All other beliefs and practices follow from this teaching. Islam teaches that there is good and evil, and that each individual is responsible for the actions of his or her life.
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Pillar #1 Faith
“there is but one God and his name is Allah”
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Pillar #2 Prayer
Muslims are to pray five times daily facing the city of Mecca.
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Pillar #3 Alms
Muslims are to give to those in need
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Pillar #4Fast
During the holy month of Ramadan, Muslims from sun-up
to sun-down, refrain from eating to be reminded that spiritual sacrifice is more
important that physical need
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Pillar #5 Pilgrimage
A pilgrimage to the holy city of Mecca is to be made if you are able to. This is to be done once
in your lifetime
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In what ways would the five pillars be similar to the 10 Commandments?
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Other Muslim BeliefsCarrying out the Five Pillars of Islam ensures that Muslims live their religion while serving in their community. Along with the Five Pillars, there are other customs, morals, and laws for Islamic society that affect Muslims’ daily lives.
•Muslims are forbidden from eating pork
•Muslims are forbidden from consuming alcohol
•Friday afternoons are set aside for communal prayer
•Islam has no priests or central religious authority( like the Pope in Christianity)
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Other Muslim BeliefsThe holy book of Islam is the Qur’an.
The Qur’an is written in Arabic, and Muslims consider only the Arabic version to be the true word of Allah. Only Arabic can be used during worship and wherever Muslims carried the Qur’an, Arabic became the official language of followers and scholars.
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Links to Other Religions•To Muslims, Allah is the same God
that is worshipped in Christianity and Judaism.
•Muslims view the Qur’an as the word of God in the same way that Christians and Jews view the Bible and the Torah.
•All three religions believe in the Holy land.
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What is the Qur’an & what how does it make Islam similar to Christianity and Judaism?
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Questions
• End of Lesson Questions
1. Describe the landscape of most of Arabia.
2. How is Islam similar to Christianity and Judaism. (List 1)
3. Who was the founder of Islam?
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Islam’s Spread and Contributions to the World
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Objectives and States Standards
• I can examine the reasons Islam spread.
• I can identify the contributions that Islam has made to the world.
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The Spreading of Islam
When Mohammad died in 632 AD, Muslim inspired by the message of Allah, believed that they had a duty to carry his word to the world.
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The Spreading of Islam
The Muslim community expanded the Muslim Empire 6,000 miles from the Atlantic Ocean to the Indus River.
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The Spread of IslamThe Spread of Islam Easy to learn and practice.
No priesthood.
Teaches equality.
Non-Muslims, who were “Peoples of the Book,” were allowed religious freedom, but paid additional taxes.
Easily “portable” nomads & trade routes.
Jihad (“Holy War”) against pagans and other non-believers (“infidels”).
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Treatment of Conquered People
Because the Qur’an forbade forced conversion, Muslims allowed conquered people to follow their own religion. Christians and Jews were made to pay a tax each year to their Muslim rulers.
THINK…Is this good or bad? DEFEND YOUR ANSWER.
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Muslim Trade & Culture
Upper class-born Muslims
Those who converted to Islam
The “protected people”- Christians and Jews
Lowest class- slaves
The Qur’an also declared that men and women were equals
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Muslim Trade & Culture
The Muslim Empire could engage in sea trade with most of the known world and a land network of roads connected it to inner China, India, and Africa.
At one end of the Muslim Empire was the city of Cordoba. The city attracted philosophers, scientists, inventors, and scholars as it boomed into a cultural center.
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Muslim Trade & CultureOvertime, the influence of Muslims grew as
the Empire attracted people form a variety of lands. The many cultural traditions combined with Arabic culture to create an international flavor.
What factors helped in the spread of Islam?
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Muslim Contributions to the World
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Muslim Innovations
As the city of Cordoba was growing into a cultural center,
intellectual life was growing as well, especially the love of
books. The most celebrated library in Cordoba was said to
have had over 400,000 books, many of which were in
constant reproduction by hand copying professionals. Many
books from Ancient Rome and Greece were preserved here.
The widespread availability of books throughout the Islamic
Empire contributed to all kinds of learning.
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Algebra
Muslim scholar were very interested in further developing
Greek mathematics. They even developed many games that
were based on math including “magic boxes” that were
grids containing numbers that added up to the same sum
vertically, horizontally, and diagonally (sound familiar). One
of the most famous Muslim mathematicians introduced the
idea of algebra which comes from the word “al jabr” which
means bringing together of separate parts. Algebra became
a major contribution to the scientific world.
2x + y + 30
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Astronomy
Astronomy- the study of the skies- was an area in which
Islamic scholar excelled. For centuries astronomer built off of
the work of Greek scientist Ptolemy that the earth was at the
center of the universe and that the sun, stars and other
planets revolved around it. Islamic scientists through their
own observations noted mistakes in this view of the universe .
Islamic scholars also invented a new device for measuring
time of day, latitude, and movement or position of the stars
and planets. This was called an astrolabe.
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Many advances were also made in the field of medicine. Physicians and
pharmacists were required to pass exams before treating patients. They
setup hospitals that had separate areas for trauma cases, this is the
basis for today's emergency rooms. Physicians developed treatments
for cataracts, used a variety of herbal remedies, and were adept at
treating a variety of injuries. Islamic pharmacists were the first to mix
sweet tasting syrups with medicine, ensuring that they would be
taken.
A famous Islamic physician, wrote a book called Canon on Medicine,
which was an encyclopedia of Greek, Arabic, and his own knowledge of
medicine. This book became the foundation of medical knowledge in
Europe for nearly 500 years.
Medicine
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According to the teachings of the
Qur'an, human images were not allowed
in religious celebration. Therefore, they
developed a style of geometric shapes
and patterns that were used to decorate
religious buildings called mosques.
These geometric patterns usually
contained verses from the Qur'an
written in a stylized form of decorative
handwriting called calligraphy.
Geometric Design & Calligraphy
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Chess & Polo
The games of polo and chess were introduced to the Muslim
world by the Persians who had first learned of these games
from the people of Asia. Chess was particularly well liked
because of the intellectual challenge. The games were
spread to Europe following the crusades. Polo was a
technical game that utilized horse back riding that once
again was a mainstay of the Asian people.
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The Hagia Sophia
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The Dome of the Rock
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Muslims in the WorldToday
Muslims in the WorldToday
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Countries with the Largest Muslim
Population
Countries with the Largest Muslim
Population1. Indonesia 183,000,00
06. Iran 62,000,000
2. Pakistan 134,000,000
7. Egypt 59,000,000
3. India 121,000,000
8. Nigeria 53,000,000
4. Bangladesh
114,000,000
9. Algeria 31,000,000
5. Turkey 66,000,000 10. Morocco 29,000,000
• Arabs make up only 20% of the total Muslim population of the
world.
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Muslims in AmericaMuslims in America
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End of Lesson Questions
1. Name 1 of the reasons why Islam spread.
2. Name a contribution that Islam contributed to the world.
3. In what two continents are most Muslims found today?