Download - Islamic Feminism and Beyond the New Frontier
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8/2/2019 Islamic Feminism and Beyond the New Frontier
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CFLLAI IHZ\ P^KM^HC KJJHZFKGHA PHPI^ ZI^FIZ EHAA >080
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CFLLAI IHZ\
P^KM^HC
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KJJHZFKGHA PHPI^ ZI^FIZ
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h~i ~iafmfkyzav ~hcil hgl hazk fg p~iuig|fgm
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8/2/2019 Islamic Feminism and Beyond the New Frontier
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LLAI IHZ\ P^KM^HC KJJHZFKGHA PHPI^ ZI^FIZ EHAA >080
|kmi|di~ zjdkah~z fguf|il ~kc lfui~zi lfzjfpafgiz
hgl nhjom~kyglz }dk ki~il }fglk}z fg|k
phz| hgl kgmkfgm icfgfz| ik~|z |k hjdfiui
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hgl ~iafmfkyz nk|d fg|i~zij| hgl lfui~mi hz |div
h~i jkg|fgyhaav nifgm ~igimk|fh|il'
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~kc |di Imvp|fhg Phz| k~ |di Maknha P~izig|!
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~iafmfkyzav#nhjoil hcfav ah}z fg Cyzafc#
chbk~f|v zkjfi|fiz! ithcfgfgm |di icfgfz|
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ih~av fg |di |}ig|fi|d jig|y~v! kaak}il nv
Fzahcfj icfgfzc |dh| zy~hjil |k}h~l |di igl
k |di |}ig|fi|d jig|y~v! |k }dh| zdi ziiz hz h
gi} zijyah~ icfgfzc fg |di chofgm' Ici~mig|
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Cyzafcz ny| }dfjd chgv gkg#Cyzafc hj|fufz|z
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jkhaizjil fg maknha zphji hgl |dh| fz lifgil fg
zkaiav ~iafmfkyz |i~cz nijkciz |di lifgf|fkg k
fglfmigkyz'
Hnky| |di Cfllai Ihz| P~km~hc
\di Cfllai Ihz| P~km~hc }hz ahygjdil fg Ein~yh~v 8664 fg afmd| ke fgj~ihzilY'Z' igmhmicig| fg |di ~imfkg hgl |di p~kekygl jdhgmiz z}iipfgm hj~kzz chgvCfllai Ihz|i~g z|h|iz' Fg hllf|fkg |k zpk|afmd|fgm lhv#|k#lhv fzzyiz! |di P~km~hcjkgjig|~h|iz kg akgm#|i~c ijkgkcfj! zkjfha! hgl pkaf|fjha liuiakpcig|z! hz }iaa hz~iah|fkgz }f|d |di Ygf|il Z|h|iz'
\di Cfllai Ihz| P~km~hc l~h}z kg lkciz|fj hgl ek~ifmg ~imfkgha itpi~|z ek~ f|zcii|fgmz! jkgei~igjiz! hgl kjjhzfkgha phpi~z' Jkgei~igjiz hgl cii|fgmz hzzizz|di pkafjv fcpafjh|fkgz ke haa hzpij|z ke liuiakpcig|z }f|dfg |di ~imfkg hgl fglf#uflyha z|h|iz? |di Cfllai Ihz|z ~kai fg |di fg|i~gh|fkgha h~igh? Hci~fjhg fg|i~iz|zfg |di ~imfkg? |di |d~ih| ke |i~~k~fzc? h~cz p~kafei~h|fkg? hgl z|~h|imfj |d~ih|z |k hgle~kc |di ~imfkgha z|h|iz'
\di P~km~hc phvz zpijfha h||ig|fkg |k |di ~kai ke }kcig! vky|d! jfufa zkjfi|v fgz|f#|y|fkgz! Fzahc! hgl lickj~h|fj hgl hy|kj~h|fj |igligjfiz' Fg hllf|fkg! |di CfllaiIhz| P~km~hc dkz|z cii|fgmz kg jya|y~ha fzzyiz! fgjaylfgm jkg|icpk~h~v h~| hglaf|i~h|y~i fg |di ~imfkg'
Migli~ Fzzyiz2 \di Cfllai Ihz| P~km~hc liuk|iz jkgzfli~hnai h||ig|fkg |k |di~kai ke }kcig fg hluhgjfgm jfufa zkjfi|v hgl |k |di h||f|yliz ke mkui~gcig|z hgl|di jai~fjha jkccygf|v |k}h~l }kcigz ~fmd|z fg |di ehcfav hgl zkjfi|v h| ah~mi'\di P~km~hc ithcfgiz icpakvcig| ph||i~gz! ilyjh|fkg! aimha ~fmd|z! hgl pkaf|fjhaph~|fjfph|fkg ke }kcig fg |di ~imfkg' \di P~km~hc hazk dhz h oiig fg|i~iz| fgitpak~fgm }kcigz fgj~ihzfgm ~kaiz fg jkgeafj| p~iuig|fkg hgl pkz|#jkgeafj| ~ijkg#z|~yj|fkg hj|fuf|fiz'
Jy~~ig| Heehf~z2 \di Cfllai Ihz| P~km~hc icpdhzfriz hghavzfz ke jy~~ig|fzzyiz hgl |dif~ fcpafjh|fkgz ek~ akgm#|i~c liuiakpcig|z fg |di ~imfkg! fgjaylfgm2Phaiz|fgfhg#Fz~hiaf lfpakchjv! F~hgz pkaf|fjha hgl gyjaih~ hcnf|fkgz! |di p~izigji keHci~fjhg |~kkpz fg F~hx! Hemdhgfz|hg! hgl |di Pi~zfhg Myae hgl |dif~ ieeij| kg |di~imfkg! dychg ~fmd|z ufkah|fkgz! maknhafrh|fkg! ijkgkcfj hgl pkaf|fjha ph~|gi~zdfpz!hgl Y'Z' ek~ifmg pkafjv fg |di ~imfkg'
Fzahc! Lickj~hjv hgl Jfufa Zkjfi|v2 \di Cfllai Ihz| P~km~hc ckgf|k~z |dim~k}fgm lichgl ke pikpai fg |di ~imfkg ek~ lickj~h|frh|fkg! pkaf|fjha ph~|fjfph|fkg!hjjkyg|hnai mkui~gcig|! |di ~yai ke ah}! hgl hldi~igji nv |dif~ mkui~gcig|z |kfg|i~gh|fkgha jkguig|fkgz! dychg ~fmd|z hgl }kcigz ~fmd|z' F| jkg|fgyiz |k ithcfgi|di ~kai ke Fzahcfj ckuicig|z fg zdhpfgm pkaf|fjha hgl zkjfha liuiakpcig|z hgl |di
uh~fi|v ke ehj|k~z |dh| ehuk~ k~ knz|~yj| |di itphgzfkg ke jfufa zkjfi|v'
\di ekaak}fgm phpi~z h~i nhzil kg |di hy|dk~z p~izig|h|fkgz h| |di]kkl~k} ]fazkg Fg|i~gh|fk gha Ji g|i~ ek~ Zjdkah~z kg Bygi 89! >080'\di kpfgfkgz itp~izzil di~ifg h~i |dkzi ke |di hy|dk~z hgl lk gk|~ieaij| |dkzi ke |di ]kkl~k} ]fazkg Jig|i~'
Lf~ij|k~L~' Dhaid Izehglfh~f
Hzzfz|hg|zOigl~h Diflichg
Ckgh Vkyzzie
Zpijfha |dhgozZpijfha |dhgoz |k P~keizzk~
Ch~mk| Nhl~hg ek~ di~diap fg py||fgm |kmi|di~ |di
jkgei~igji hgl pynafjh|fkg?Ckgh Vkyzzie hgl Oigl~hDiflichg ek~ jkk~lfgh|fgm|dfz pynafjh|fkg? Ch~mh~i|
Hani~|! Oh|i Jkggiaav! AyoiDhmni~m! hgl Huflid
Chvufaai ke |di Cfllai Ihz|P~km~hc ek~ |dif~ ilf|fgm
zfz|hgji? Lfhgh Cfjdiaf hglh|dv Ny||i~efial ek~ lizfmgfgmdi Kjjhzfkgha Phpi~ Zi~fiz?
hgl Lhufl Dh}tdy~z| ek~|hofgm |di pdk|km~hpdz'
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8/2/2019 Islamic Feminism and Beyond the New Frontier
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LLAI IHZ\ P^KM^HC KJJHZFKGHA PHPI^ ZI^FIZ EHAA >080
Nfgghr \kp~ho akkoz h| \y~oiv! |di zfgmyah~
jhzi k h zijyah~ Cyzafc#chbk~f|v jkyg|~v!
}di~i zijyah~fzc fgukauiz h jkcpai|i ziph~h|fkg
k ~iafmfkg hgl z|h|i' Fg di~ phpi~! ^ijig|
Hciglcig|z fg |di \y~ofzd Jfufa hgl J~fcfgha
Jkliz hgl |di ^kai k Eicfgfz| GMKz! zdi
zpihoz |k h |hgmai k fzzyiz fgukaufgm }kcig
hgl |di hcfav' Fg 86>5! |di z|h|i ighj|il
|di Jfufa Jkli! l~h}fgm kg |di Z}fzz cklia'
Hnkafzdfgm pkavmhcv hgl m~hg|fgm }kcig hg
h~~hv k ixyha ~fmd|z fg |di hcfav! f| }hz
|ky|il hz |di cklia k p~km~izzfui hcfav
ah}' Ek~ |di gi} ^ipynafj! }kcig! zdi
~icfglz di~ hylfigji! }i~i zvcnkaz k h
~izkaui |k zynz|f|y|i ]iz|i~g k~ K||kchg+
Fzahcfj jfufafrh|fkg' \dfz ~ihf~cil |di niafi
$izpijfhaav }flizp~ihl fg jkyg|~fiz jkakgfril
nv ]iz|i~g pk}i~z& |dh| migli~ ixyhaf|v hgl
zijyah~fzc }i~i ]iz|i~g hgl yg#Fzahcfj' Zyjd
|dfgofgm dhz |d}h~|il |di jhyzi k migli~
ixyhaf|v fg Cyzafc zkjfi|fiz hgl izpijfhaav fg
|di hcfav! }dfjd fg ckz| Cyzafc#chbk~f|v
jkyg|~fiz dhz niig ~imyah|il nv ~iafmfkyzav#
nhjoil ah}' \di ]iz|i~g#nhzil \y~ofzd Jfufa
Jkli! ha|dkymd m~hg|fgm chgv ixyha ~fmd|z |k
}kcig! }hz gk| |di ph~hmkg k migli~ ixyhaf|v
f| ziicil |k ni' Zijkgl#}hui icfgfz|z fg 8640z
\y~oiv itpkzil |di ph|~fh~jdha jkgz|~yj|fkg k
|di hcfav itp~izzil fg |di aimhafrh|fkg k chai
dihlzdfp' \di jdhgmi |div kymd| k~ jhci fg
|di >008 ~iufzfkg }di~i hg imhaf|h~fhg cklia k
|di hcfav }hz fgz|f|y|il! igzd~fgfgm dyznhgl
hgl }fi hz ixyha dihlz'
\di pk|ig|fha k h ~iafmfkyzav#nhjoil hcfav
ah} }hz ~ihafril }f|d |di |~hgzk~ch|fkg k|di Ck~kjjhg hcfav ah}! |di Cylh}}hgh! fg
>00< chofgm f| |di f~z| k f|z ofgl hgl h cklia
k~ k|di~ Cyzafc#chbk~f|v jkyg|~fiz' Zkyhl
Illkyhlh! fg ]kcig hgl |di Pkaf|fjz k
^ik~c fg Ck~kjjk! ~iah|iz dk} |di ~iufzfkg
~izya|il ~kc jkcpait pkaf|fjz fgukaufgm
pi~zfz|ig| icfgfz| hj|fufzc icpakvfgm zijyah~
hgl ~iafmfkyz h~mycig|z' Ya|fch|iav! imhaf|h~fhg
~iufzfkg k |di hcfav ah} jhci hnky| hz |di
~izya| k |di jkccf|cig| k |di Ofgm }dk
iti~jfzil dfz hy|dk~f|v hz Jkcchgli~ k |di
Ehf|dya! |di dfmdiz| ~iafmfkyz hy|dk~f|v fg |di
ahgl! fg |di hji k Fzahcfz|z fg|ig| ypkg lifgfgm
Fzahc hgl liiglfgm h ph|~fh~jdha cklia k |di
hcfav' ]dfai }kcig ~ihpil h ufj|k~v }f|d
|di p~kcyamh|fkg k |di gi} ah}! Illkyhlh
fglfjh|iz |dh| zijyah~ icfgfz|z |vpfjhaav ~ichfg
ygihzv kui~ |di yzi k ~iafmfkyz byz|ffjh|fkg
k~ migli~ ixyhaf|v! p~ii~~fgm fgz|ihl |k ~hci
migli~ ixyhaf|v }f|dfg |di ygfui~zha dychg
~fmd|z lfzjky~zi'
Fg Nivkgl Fzahcfj Eicfgfzc2 ]kcig
hgl ^ip~izig|h|fkg fg F~hgz Lickj~hjv
Ckuicig|! Ghvi~id \kdflf p~kufliz
h dfz|k~fjha zy~uiv k dk} |di k~|ygiz k
}kcigz ~fmd|z ayj|yh|i }f|d |di zdf|fgm
pkaf|fjha k~|ygiz k zijyah~ hgl ~iafmfkyz pk}i~
jig|i~z hgl ~imfciz' \d~kymdky|! }kcig dhui
pi~zfz|il fg p~izzfgm k~ |dif~ ~fmd|z fg nk|d
zijyah~ hgl ~iafmfkyzav#ail z|h|iz }dfjd hafoi
dhui chli }kcig hgl migli~ jig|~ha hgl
zvcnkafj k |dif~ ~yai' Fg li|hfafgm zkci k |di
jkcpaitf|fiz k |di igcizdcig| k |di zijyah~
hgl |di ~iafmfkyz hgl |dif~ uh~fkyz jkgz|~yj|fkgz!
\kdflf ~iah|iz dk} |di Ehcfav P~k|ij|fkg Ah}z
k 865= hgl 86=9 p~kcyamh|il ygli~ |di ~yai
k Ckdhchl ^irh Zdhd $86
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LLAI IHZ\ P^KM^HC KJJHZFKGHA PHPI^ ZI^FIZ EHAA >080
]dfai migli~ ixyhaf|v }hz mhfgfgm m~kygl
fg |di pynafj zpdi~i! |di hcfav ~ichfgil h
z|ynnk~g nya}h~o k ph|~fh~jdv |dh| }hz zdk~il
yp nv jkgzi~uh|fui Fzahcfj |dfgofgm! }dfjd!
fg|i~iz|fgmav! afni~ha zijyah~ cig haak}il! f
k|ig zfcpav nv itpilfig| fgi~|fh' \di ixyhaf|v
k jf|frigz chglh|il nv |di Jkgz|f|y|fkg jkyal
ni |~ycpil nv hg fg|i~p~i|h|fkg k Fzahc |dh|
hzzi~|il |dh| |di ph|~fh~jdha hcfav! hgl }f|d
f| migli~ fgixyhaf|v! }hz k~lhfgil nv ~iafmfkg
}dfjd }hz fg jkaahnk~h|fkg }f|d gh|y~i'
Imvp|fhg }kcigz ph|d#n~ihofgm icfgfzc!
}dfjd }hz fgayig|fha nivkgl f|z nk~li~z k~
cyjd k |di |}ig|fi|d jig|y~v! itpi~figjil
f|z chbk~ lfzhppkfg|cig| fg f|z fghnfaf|v |k
}fg zfmgffjhg| ~ik~c k hcfav ah}' Akgm#
|i~c pkaf|fjha jkglf|fkgz hgl |di Ici~migjv
Ah}z jkggij|il }f|d |di zpij|i~ k hg Fzahcfz|
|d~ih|! ~iha k~ fchmfgil! |dh| dhui niig fg iij|
fg Imvp| k~ zkci |d~ii lijhliz dhui z|fail
hj|fufz| k~mhgfrfgm! itjip| h~kygl zhi jhyziz
k~ jhyziz |kk |d~ih|igfgm |k fmgk~i }dfjd
lk gk| fgjayli zi~fkyz |~hgzk~ch|fkg k |di
Cyzafc Pi~zkgha Z|h|yz Jkli'
\y~gfgm ~kc |di Imvp|fhg phz| |k |di
maknha p~izig|! kgi fglz |}k chbk~ maknha
gi|}k~oz kg |di zjigi jkgji~gil }f|d |di
i~hlfjh|fkg k migli~ fgixyhaf|v hgl fgbyz|fjiz
fg Cyzafc hcfav ah}z' Kgi fz h zijyah~ gi|}k~o
k Cyzafcz hgl gkg#Cyzafcz hgl |di k|di~ fz
h gi|}k~o! jhaafgm f|zia h ckuicig|! jkcpkzil
k Cyzafcz kgav' \di f~z| fz |di |~hgzgh|fkgha
gi|}k~o jhaail ]kcig Afufgm ygli~ Cyzafc
Ah}z $]AYCA&! }dfjd zijyah~ icfgfz|z
j~ih|il fg |di cfl#8640z |k jkcnh| ph|~fh~jdha
hcfav ah}z j~ih|il hgl pi~pi|yh|il fg |di
ghci k Fzahc' \di zijyah~ icfgfz|z fgf|fh|il
h gi|}k~o k }kcig afufgm ygli~ Cyzafc ah}z
}dfjd fgjaylil haa }kcig jkgji~gil! gk|
zfcpav Cyzafc }kcig' ]AYCA lf~ij|il h
chbk~ ik~| h| ogk}ailmi#jkaaij|fgm hgl kui~ h
|ig#vih~ pi~fkl hzzicnail lh|h kg hcfav ah}z
fg zkci |}ig|v Cyzafc#chbk~f|v jkyg|~fiz' F|z
~izih~jd zdk}il |di lfui~zf|v k Cyzafc#nhjoil
ah}z hgl |dyz |di lfui~mig| fg|i~p~i|h|fkgz
k Fzahcfj by~fzp~yligji! k~ fxd' ]dig |di
gi} Fzahcfj icfgfz| lfzjky~zi }hz liuiakpil
ziui~ha vih~z h|i~ f|z kyglfgm! ]AYCA hllil
|dfz |k f|z lfzjy~zfui ~ipi~|kf~i' ]AYCA!
ypdkalfgm hgl jiain~h|fgm fgjayzfuf|v! nyfa|
f|zia k~mhgfjhaav hgl fgj~icig|haav hgl |klhv
~ichfgz h pk}i~ya gi|}k~o'
Cyzh}hd $ixyhaf|v&|di Ckuicig| k~
Ixyhaf|v hgl Byz|fji fg |di Cyzafc Ehcfav |dh|
}hz ahygjdil fg Oyhah Aycpy~ fg >006fz h
gi|}k~o hgl+k~ h ckuicig| fg |di chofgm'
\dfz itjayzfuiav Cyzafc gi|}k~o+ckuicig|k~i~kg|z Fzahcfj icfgfz| lfzjky~zi $}dfjd
fgliil zkci k f|z aihli~z dhui p~klyjil&!
}dfai gk| gimaij|fgm |k fgukoi jkgz|f|y|fkgha
hgl dychg ~fmd|z h~mycig|z! fg |di maknha
ckuicig| f| ziioz |k nyfal fg k~li~ |k |~hgzk~c
akjha Cyzafc hcfav ah}z' Fzahcfj icfgfzcz
jkcpiaafgm h~|fjyah|fkg k h lfzjky~zi k migli~
ixyhaf|v nhzil kg ~i#~ihlfgmz k |di Xy~hg hgl
k|di~ ~iafmfkyz zky~jiz dhz dhl }fli ~izkghgji
hckgm Cyzafcz hz }iaa hz gkg#Cyzafcz
~kc |di |fci f| zy~hjil kg |di maknha zjigi
zkci |}k lijhliz hmk' Fgliil! |di~i h~i gkg#
Cyzafcz }dk p~kck|i hgl fgukoi Fzahcfj
icfgfzc fg |dif~ hj|fufzc }dk jhaa |dicziauiz
Fzahcfj icfgfz|z' Cyzh}hdz jkccyghafzc
iufligjil fg jdkkzfgm |k jkgfgi f|z ckuicig|
|k Cyzafcz~igli~z Fzahcfj icfgfzc
itjayzfufz| nv afgofgm f| }f|d Cyzafc flig|f|v'
Fg iglihuk~fgm |k liuiakp f|zia hz h zkjfha
ckuicig|! Cyzh}hd cyz| |~hgzf| ~kc |di
maknha |k |di akjha' Cyzh}hd ziioz |k fmgf|i
k~ |k nkaz|i~ zkjfha ckuicig|z fg Cyzafc#
chbk~f|v jkyg|~fiz |dh| dhui ~iafmfkyzav#nhjoil
hcfav ah}z' H jkccygha maknha ckuicig|
|dyz mkiz akjha fg|k zijyah~ z|h|iz }di~i icfgfz|
hj|fufzc dhz gk| k~mhgfril h~kygl ~iafmfkg k~
~iafmfkyz flig|f|v' $\di~i dhui niig }kcigz
Eicfgfz| Hj|fufzc ek~ Jdhgmi fgEhcfav Ah}z hgl P~hj|fjiz2 Aizzkgz e~kc|di Imvp|fhg Phz| ek~ |di Maknha P~izig|
Jf|frigz fg zijyah~ Cyzafc#chbk~f|v z|h|iz dhui
k~ |di ckz| ph~| hjdfiuil aimha hgl p~hj|fjha
ixyhaf|v fg |di zijyah~ pynafj zpdi~i k z|h|i
hgl zkjfi|v }dfai migli~ fgixyhaf|v ~ifmgz fg |di
p~fuh|i zpdi~i k |di hcfav! }dfjd fz ~imyah|il
nv ph|~fh~jdha ah}z' \di |}k itjip|fkgz h~i |di>008 ~iufzfkg k |di zijyah~ Jfufa Jkli k \y~oiv
hgl |di >00< ~iufzfkg k |di ~iafmfkyzav#nhjoil
Ck~kjjhg Ehcfav Ah}! }dfjd gk} fgjk~pk~h|i
imhaf|h~fhg jkgz|~yj|fkgz k |di hcfav' \di
fgixyhaf|v k jf|frigz fg |di lkchfg k |di hcfav
aimf|fcfril fg |di ghci k ~iafmfkg fz fg lf~ij|
jkg|~hlfj|fkg |k |di jkgz|f|y|fkgz k zijyah~
Cyzafc#chbk~f|v z|h|iz! zyjd hz Imvp| hgl |di
H~hn jkyg|~fiz k |di ihz| Cilf|i~~hgihg! }dfjd
lijah~i |di ixyhaf|v k haa jf|frigz f~~izpij|fui
k ~hji! migli~! jahzz! hgl j~iil' \di jy~~ig|
icfgfz| ik~|! |di~ik~i! jig|i~z kg ~ipahjfgm
ah}z ypdkalfgm h ph|~fh~jdha jkgz|~yj|fkg k |di
hcfav }f|d hg imhaf|h~fhg cklia'
Zijyah~ icfgfz|z $yzyhaav byz| jhaail
icfgfz|z& dhui akgm hgl h~lykyzav kymd|
jhcphfmgz |k hjdfiui ixyha ~fmd|z fg |dif~ uh~fkyz
Cyzafc#chbk~f|v jkyg|~fiz' \dh| fz gk| |k zhv
|dh| gh|fkg#nhzil icfgfz|z dhui gk| zkymd|
~imfkgha hgl fg|i~gh|fkgha k~ |~hgzgh|fkgha
zyppk~| ny| |dh| |dif~ ckuicig|z dhui niig
akjhaav fgf|fh|il! hgjdk~il! hgl l~fuig' Imvp|!
k~ ithcpai! }hz h pfkgii~fgm zf|i k icfgfzc
}di~i Cyzafc hgl Jd~fz|fhg }kcig hz jf|frigz
z|~ymmail zfli nv zfli |k mhfg |dif~ ~fmd|z fg zkjfi|v
hgl }di~i Jd~fz|fhgz zyppk~|il Cyzafcz fg
|dif~ fmd| |k ~ik~c |di Cyzafc Pi~zkgha Z|h|yz
Jkli' \dizi zijyah~ icfgfz| jf|frigz zdh~il h
jkcckg |i~~f|k~fha gh|fkg }dfai niakgmfgm |k
lfi~ig| ~iafmfkyz jkccygf|fiz' \div ~hcil
|dif~ icfgfzc fg |dif~ k}g migli~#zigzf|fui
lipakvcig|z k gh|fkghafz|! Fzahcfj ckli~gfz|!
hgl dychgfz|fj lfzjky~ziz! icpakvfgm cya|fpaih~mycig|z zfcya|hgikyzav'
Imvp|fhg icfgfz|z kyglil k~mhgfrh|fkgz!
|di ih~afiz| hgl akgmiz| afuil k |dif~ itpafjf|av
icfgfz| hzzkjfh|fkgz nifgm |di Imvp|fhg
Eicfgfz| Ygfkg' ]kcig hggkygjil |dif~
ufzfkg! zi| h jkcp~idigzfui hmiglh! hgl
iz|hnafzdil |dif~ p~fk~f|fiz' Jkgzjfkyz k akjha
pkaf|fjz! hgl k ~iafmfkyz hgl jya|y~ha z|ycnafgm
nakjoz! |div chli z|~h|imfj haafhgjiz' \dif~
dkcim~k}g ckuicig| }hz zkaflav ~kk|il fg
akjha zkfa' Zijyah~ icfgfzc fg Imvp| dhz niig
p~hmch|fj hgl pkaf|fjha' F| dhz niig zkjfha
ckuicig| icfgfzc hgl mkha#l~fuig' Eicfgfz|
h~mycig|h|fkg fz lipakvil fg |di zi~ufji k
hj|fufz| z|~ymmai! ny| zijyah~ icfgfzc fg Imvp|!
hz iazi}di~i! dhz gk| niig h p~fch~fav |dik~i|fjha
hgl lfzjy~zfui p~kbij|'
Nv |di cfllai k |di |}ig|fi|d jig|y~v!
icfgfz|z fg Imvp| dhl hjdfiuil zfmgffjhg|
hluhgjiz' \div dhl iij|fuiav lickgz|~h|il
|dh| |dif~ mhfgz }i~i |di gh|fkgz mhfgz' ]dfai
|div ygli~z|kkl chai pk}i~ hgl ia| f|z iij|z!
|div zkymd| haafiz hckgm cig }di~i |div jkyal'
Zkci cig zyppk~|il }kcigz ixyha ~fmd|z
fg |di z|h|i hgl zkjfi|v! ny| cig }i~i hazk
zigzf|fui |k ph|~fh~jdha pkaf|fjz hgl lfzpahvil
ygihzi kui~ |di i~kzfkg k chai p~fufaimi'
Ch~mk| Nhl~hg
Zigfk~ Zjdkah~! ]kkl~k} ]fazkg Jig|i~? Zigfk~ Eiaak}! P~fgji Ha}haiil nfg \haha Jig|i~ek~ Cyzafc Jd~fz|fhg Ygli~z|hglfgm! Mik~mi|k}g Ygfui~zf|v
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8/2/2019 Islamic Feminism and Beyond the New Frontier
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LLAI IHZ\ P^KM^HC KJJHZFKGHA PHPI^ ZI^FIZ EHAA >080
\dfz |hoiz yz |k |di xyiz|fkg2 }dh| aizzkgz
lkiz |di Imvp|fhg phz| dkal k~ |di maknha
p~izig|; Hmhfgz| |di k~imkfgm lfzjyzzfkg F
igyci~h|i |dic' \di Imvp|fhg zijyah~
icfgfz| itpi~figji zpihoz |k |di fcpk~|hgji
k2 $8& akjhaav l~fuig hj|fufz| jhcphfmgz! $>&
ygli~z|hglfgm akjha ~ihaf|fiz! $:& icfgfz|
hj|fufzc hj~kzz ~iafmfkyz afgiz! hgl $
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8/2/2019 Islamic Feminism and Beyond the New Frontier
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LLAI IHZ\ P^KM^HC KJJHZFKGHA PHPI^ ZI^FIZ EHAA >080
0
^ijig| Hciglcig|z fg |di\y~ofzd Jfufa hgl J~fcfgha Jklizhgl |di ^kai ke Eicfgfz| GMKz
\y~oivz k~fmfgha jfufa hgl j~fcfgha jkliz lh|i
nhjo |k |di ih~av vih~z k |di \y~ofzd ipynafj'
Nk|d }i~i ighj|il fg 86>5 |d~ii vih~z h|i~
|di iz|hnafzdcig| k |di ^ipynafj kaak}fgm
|di jkaahpzi k |di K||kchg Icpf~i' \di
Jfufa Jkli }hz ckliail kg |di Z}fzz JfufaJkli hgl |di J~fcfgha Jkli kg |di F|hafhg'
Ha|dkymd nk|d }i~i ~iukay|fkgh~v k~ |dif~
|fci hz |div ~ipahjil |di zdh~fhd! |div iaa
zdk~| k chglh|fgm jkcpai|i ixyhaf|v k |di
zitiz hgl jkg|hfgil h~|fjaiz |dh| ah|i~ nijhci
yghjjip|hnai |k }kcig'
\di Jfufa Jkli k 86>5 }hz izpijfhaav
m~kygln~ihofgm k~ h Cyzafc#chbk~f|v jkyg|~v'
F| mhui ixyha ~fmd|z |k cig hgl }kcig fg
ch~~fhmi! lfuk~ji! jdfal jyz|klv! hgl fgdi~f|hgji'
Ch~~fhmi gk} jh~~fil aimha }ifmd| kgav f f|
}hz jkglyj|il hgl ~imfz|i~il nv zijyah~ aimha
hy|dk~f|fiz! ha|dkymd jkypaiz }dk }fzdil |k lk
zk jkyal ah|i~ dhui h ~iafmfkyz ch~~fhmi' Kgi
dhl |k mk |k jky~| |k mi| h lfuk~ji! hgl f| }kyal
ni |di bylmi }dk }kyal h}h~l jdfal jyz|klv'
\di gi} jkli nhggil pkavmhcv hgl haak}il
Cyzafc }kcig |k ch~~v gkg#Cyzafc cig' Fg
|di ih~av 86:0z! }kcig mk| |di ~fmd| |k uk|i
hgl ~yg k~ kfji'
Ek~ |di gi} ^ipynafj! }kcig }i~i zvcnkaz
k h ~izkaui |k zynz|f|y|i ]iz|i~g k~ K||kchg+
Fzahcfj jfufafrh|fkg' Hjjk~lfgmav! aimha jdhgmiz
}i~i ~ifgk~jil nv mkui~gcig|ha h||ig|fkg
|k }kcigz ilyjh|fkg hgl ph~|fjfph|fkg fg
|di }k~o k~ji' Nimfggfgm fg |di ah|i 86>0z!
ah~mi gycni~z k }kcig zi~uil fg dfmdav
p~iz|fmfkyz pkzf|fkgz hz bylmiz! ah}vi~z! lkj|k~z!
hgl hjhlicfjz' Ha|dkymd |dizi ~ik~cz lfl
gk| ~ihjd haa }kcig fg \y~oiv! kui~ |di vih~z!
ck~i hgl ck~i }kcig nigif||il ~kc |dic hz
ilyjh|fkgha kppk~|ygf|fiz itphglil' \klhv! k~
ithcpai! \y~oiv dhz |di dfmdiz| ~h|fk k }kcighjhlicfjz $:9 pi~jig|& fg Iy~kpi'
^ijig| zy~uivz zdk} |dh| |dizi jdhgmiz dhui
niig }fliav hjjip|il nv |di chbk~f|v k |di
\y~ofzd pkpyah|fkg' Ek~ ithcpai! h gycni~
k zy~uivz fg |di ah|i 8660z ~iuihail |dh| |di
pi~jig|hmi k pikpai }dk }hg|il |k ni ~yail nv
|di zdh~fhd}hz h~kygl >0 pi~jig|' H jkaaihmyi
hgl F jkglyj|il h gh|fkg}fli zy~uiv fg 86668
|k p~kni y~|di~ fg|k |dfz fmy~i' ]i |dkymd|
|dh| >0 pi~jig| zyppk~| k~ |di zdh~fhd }hz
cyjd |kk dfmd hgl zpijyah|il |dh| liuky|
Cyzafcz cfmd| ni ~izpkglfgm pkzf|fuiav |k h
xyiz|fkg |dh| hzoil }di|di~ |div }kyal }hg|
|k ni ~yail nv lfufgi ah} }f|dky|! dk}iui~!
ogk}fgm f|z jkg|ig|z'
]dig }i hzoil |di zhci xyiz|fkg |dh|
p~iufkyz zy~uivz dhl hzoil! |di pi~jig|hmi
}hz |di zhci' Ky~ xyiz|fkgghf~i! dk}iui~!
jkg|hfgil hllf|fkgha xyiz|fkgz' \di f~z| gk|il|dh| hjjk~lfgm |k |di zdh~fhd! h chg jkyal
ch~~v yp |k ky~ }kcig }di~ihz |di Jfufa
Jkli ~iz|~fj|z |dfz |k kgi }fi' ]kyal |div
}hg| |di Jfufa Jkli |k jdhgmi fg huk~ k |di
zdh~fhd; H zijkgl xyiz|fkg itpahfgil |dh|
hjjk~lfgm |k Fzahcfj ah}! }kcig fgdi~f| aizz
|dhg cig }di~ihz |di Jfufa Jkli hjjip|z ixyha
fgdi~f|hgji ~fmd|z' ]kyal |div }hg| |k jdhgmi
|dh|; ]i hzoil zfcfah~ xyiz|fkgz hnky| lfuk~ji!
jdfal jyz|klv! hgl pygfzdcig| k~ hlya|i~v'
Kgav 8'> pi~jig| }hg|il |k pygfzd hlya|i~v
kigli~z }f|d ~ijc! k~ z|kgfgm |k lih|d' \di
chbk~f|v zhfl |dh| hlya|i~v zdkyal kgav ni h
~ihzkg k~ lfuk~ji' Fg hgz}i~z |k |di k|di~
xyiz|fkgz jkgji~gfgm ch~~fhmi! lfuk~ji! jdfal
jyz|klv hgl fgdi~f|hgji! kgav h~kygl 4 pi~jig|
k |di pkpyah|fkg fglfjh|il h p~ii~igji |k
~i|y~g |k |di zdh~fhd' Hz }kyal ni itpij|il!
|di pi~jig|hmiz hckgm }kcig }i~i iuig ak}i~'
Digji! }i jkgjaylil |dh| |di >0 pi~jig| fmy~i
}hz kui~nak}g hgl |dh| |di m~ih| chbk~f|v
k |di \y~ofzd pikpai }i~i jkg|ig| }f|d |di
zijyah~ ~ipynafjhg ~imfci kg hcfav ah}'
Yg|fa |di 8650z! }kcigz m~kypz ia| |dh|
ih~av ~ipynafjhg ~ik~cz dhl mfuig \y~ofzd
}kcig haa k |dif~ ~fmd|z' Digji! |dif~ ik~|z
}i~i jkgfgil p~fch~fav |k pdfahg|d~kpfj
hj|fuf|fiz' Fg |di 8650z hgl |di 86=0z! |di ckz|
hj|fui }kcigz m~kypz }i~i hppiglhmiz k ai|#
}fgm pkaf|fjz hgl ufi}il |di migli~ xyiz|fkg hz
kgi |dh| }kyal ni hy|kch|fjhaav ~izkauil }f|d
|di iz|hnafzdcig| k h zkjfhafz| ~imfci' F| }hz gk|
yg|fa |di 8640z |dh| h gi} }hui k icfgfzc!
fgayigjil nv ]iz|i~g icfgfz| }~f|fgm! nimhg
|k pkaf|fjfri |di p~knaic h~ihz jkg~kg|fgm haa
}kcig fg \y~ofzd zkjfi|v~y~ha hgl y~nhg!
ilyjh|il hgl ygilyjh|il! yppi~ jahzz hgl
ak}i~ jahzz' F| kjyzil kg fzzyiz zyjd hz }kcigz
zityhaf|v! zityha dh~hzzcig|! lkciz|fj ufkaigji!
hgl dkgk~ ofaafgmz'
\d~kymd jkgzjfkyzgizz#~hfzfgm m~kypz hgl
pynafjh|fkgz! }kcigz GMKz }i~i hnai |k
~ij~yf| hg h~cv k vkygm }kcig }faafgm |k
zpigl |dif~ |fci hgl igi~mv kg pynafjfrfgm |dif~
jhyzi hgl hj|fgm hz aknnvfgm hgl p~izzy~i m~kypz'
]dfai |di gycni~ k }kcigz GMKz fg 86=:
}hz kgav 80! |di fmy~i }hz 5< fg866> hgl :90
nv >005' Iuig nik~i |di hciglcig| k
|dizi jkliz! |di GMKz }i~i hnai |k k~ji
|di mkui~gcig| |k choi jdhgmiz fg nk|d'
Nfgghr \kp~ho!
P~keizzk~! Pkaf|fjha Zjfigji! Liph~|cig| ke Pkaf|fjha Zjfigji hgl
Fg|i~gh|fkgha ^iah|fkgz! Nhdiidf~ Ygfui~zf|v! Fz|hgnya
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8/2/2019 Islamic Feminism and Beyond the New Frontier
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LLAI IHZ\ P^KM^HC KJJHZFKGHA PHPI^ ZI^FIZ EHAA >080
>
}f|dky| f~z| ~ixyf~fgm lkjycig|h~v p~kk
k h jfufa ch~~fhmi' Ha|dkymd |di 86>5 jkli
dhl ~ijkmgfril kgav jfufa ch~~fhmi! f| lfl gk|
~ixyf~i p~kk |dh| |di jkypai dhl p~iufkyzav
~imfz|i~il |di ch~~fhmi }f|d jfufa hy|dk~f|fiz'
\dfz cihg| |dh| ah~mi gycni~z k }kcig!
izpijfhaav fg ~y~ha h~ihz! }i~i ch~~fil kgav nv
fchcz }f|d |di jkgzixyigji |dh| |div jkyal ni
lfuk~jil h| }faa }f|dky| jky~| p~kjiilfgmz' \di
jdfal~ig nk~g fg|k zyjd ch~~fhmiz }i~i liicil
faaimf|fch|i! aihufgm |di }kchg hgl jdfal~ig
}f|dky| ~ijky~zi |k fghgjfha zyppk~| f |di chg
lizi~|il |dic'
\di jkgjip| k faaimf|fch|i jdfal~ig }hz
hazk hnkafzdil! hgl |di jkli p~kuflil k~ |di
ck|di~z jyz|klv k jdfal~ig nk~g ky|zfli k
ch~~fhmi' \di p~kufzfkg fg |di kal jkli |dh| mhui
lijfzfkgz hnky| jdfal~ig |k |di h|di~ fg jhzi k
lfzhm~iicig| ni|}iig zpkyziz }hz ~ickuil!:
hgl fg jhzi k lfuk~ji |di gkgjyz|klfha zpkyzi
gk} dhl |k zdh~i |di fghgjfha jkz|z k |di
jdfal~ig' \di gi} jkli hazk mhui }kcig |di
~fmd| |k hppav k~ h aimha ziph~h|fkg k yp |k
|d~ii vih~z! }dfjd ah|i~ jkyal nijkci |di
m~kyglz k~ h lfuk~ji zyf|'
Efghaav! |di gi} jkli chli hlya|i~v m~kyglz
k~ lfuk~ji' \di 86>5 jkli dhl chli hlya|i~v
pygfzdhnai nv fcp~fzkgcig|! ha|dkymd |dfz
p~kufzfkg dhl niig hggyaail fg |di 8660z'
Fg >009! |di HOP $|di ~yafgm Byz|fji hgl
Liuiakpcig| Ph~|v& mkui~gcig| }hg|il |k
~ifg|~klyji p~fzkg zig|igjiz ny| mhui yp |di
flih h|i~ p~k|iz|z nv }kcigz GMKz! hz }iaa hz
nv Iy~kpihg Ygfkg hy|dk~f|fiz h| h |fci }dig
|di IY }hz hnky| |k z|h~| hjjizzfkg gimk|fh|fkgz
k~ \y~oivz ig|~v'
\di Pigha Jkli k >00< }hz ighj|il
}dfai |di HOP jkg|~kaail |di mkui~gcig|'
Jkgzfli~fgm |dh| |di aihli~zdfp k |di ph~|v
dhz ~kk|z fg |di Fzahcfz| ckuicig| hgl |dh| f|z
cicni~z k ph~afhcig|! hz }iaa hz f|z uk|i~z! h~i
zkjfhaav jkgzi~uh|fui! |dh| fz h m~kygln~ihofgm
hjdfiuicig| k~ }kcigz GMKz' \di
jkliz p~kufzfkgz jkgji~gfgm }kcig h~i
it|~hk~lfgh~fav afni~ha! izpijfhaav k~ h Cyzafc#
chbk~f|v jkyg|~v' Hz icfgfz| k~mhgfrh|fkgz py|
f|! f| aimhaav hjogk}ailmiz }kcigz k}gi~zdfp
k |dif~ nklfiz hgl zityhaf|v'008
hgl >00< hciglcig|z k |di Jfufa hgl
J~fcfgha Jkliz! ~izpij|fuiav! jdhgmfgm nk|d
|di ahgmyhmi hgl pdfakzkpdv k |di jkliz |k
~iaij| h icfgfz| pi~zpij|fui'
Hciglcig|z ke |di 86>5
Jfufa hgl J~fcfgha Jkliz
\di gi} Jfufa Jkli k >008 zfcpaffil |di
kal jkliz jkcpafjh|il aimha ahgmyhmi zk hz |k
choi f| hjjizzfnai |k haa }kcig' \di |i~cz
dyznhgl hgl }fi }i~i ~ipahjil nv |di
|i~c zpkyzi' \di dyznhgl }hz gk akgmi~
jkgzfli~il |di dihl k |di hcfav! hgl
zpkyziz }i~i mfuig ixyha lijfzfkg#chofgm
pk}i~z kui~ hcfav hhf~z' Zpkyziz gk} dhl
ixyha ~fmd|z fg lijflfgm }di~i |div }kyal
afui' \di kal jkli dhl mfuig |dfz lijfzfkg
|k |di dyznhgl }f|d |di ~izya|! k~ ithcpai!
|dh| h p~kizzfkgha k~ h }k~ofgm }kchg }dk
~iyzil |k kaak} di~ dyznhgl |k h lfi~ig|
jf|v k~ jkyg|~v }kyal ni jkgzfli~il |di
myfa|v ph~|gi~ f di fail k~ lfuk~ji'
H ch~~fil }kchg jkyal gk} oiip di~
zy~ghci! ha|dkymd f| }hz hftil |k di~
dyznhglz! hgl zdi gk akgmi~ giilil di~
dyznhglz pi~cfzzfkg |k |~huia' F| zdkyal ni
gk|il di~i |dh| |di kal jkliz ~ixyf~icig|
k |di dyznhglz pi~cfzzfkg |k }k~o hgl
|k |~huia dhl gk| niig igk~jil ygaizz |di
dyznhgl chli hg fzzyi k f|' Giui~|diaizz!
f| fz fcpk~|hg| |dh| nk|d |dizi h~|fjaiz }i~i
liai|il ~kc |di gi} jkli iuig f |div kgav
dhl zvcnkafj zfmgffjhgji'
\di gi} jkli hazk p~kuflil k~ h bkfg|
p~kpi~|v ~imfci! f'i'! ixyha ~fmd|z kui~
p~kpi~|v hjxyf~il ly~fgm ch~~fhmi! ygaizz
jkypaiz hm~iil kg h ziph~h|i p~kpi~|v
~imfci nik~i ch~~fhmi' Fg h jkyg|~v }f|d
h ak} pi~jig|hmi k }k~ofgm }kcig }f|d
fglipiglig| fghgjfha cihgz! |di p~kufzfkg
k |di kal jkli! }dfjd ~ijkmgfril ziph~h|i
p~kpi~|v! cihg| |dh| fg |di jhzi k h lfuk~ji
|di }fi }kyal mi| gk zdh~i itjip| hafckgv
zfgji ckz| dyznhglz ~imfz|i~il hcfav
p~kpi~|v fg |dif~ k}g ghciz'
\di gi} jkli hazk mhui }kcig }dk
}i~i k~jil fg|k ch~~fhmi |di ~fmd| |k fai hg
hggyacig| pi|f|fkg! iuig f |div dhl hm~iil
|k |di ch~~fhmi ly~fgm h jfufa ji~ickgv fg
|di p~izigji k }f|gizziz' \di cfgfcyc
hmi k~ ch~~fhmi }kyal digjik~|d ni
84 k~ nk|d zitiz! }di~ihz f| }hz 8= k~
cig hgl 89 k~ }kcig ygli~ |di kal
jkli'> F| nijhci h j~fcfgha kigzi k~
hg fchc |k jkglyj| h ~iafmfkyz ch~~fhmi
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8/2/2019 Islamic Feminism and Beyond the New Frontier
8/17
LLAI IHZ\ P^KM^HC KJJHZFKGHA PHPI^ ZI^FIZ EHAA >080
\di ~yafgm HOP $Byz|fji hgl Liuiakpcig| Ph~|v&
mkui~gcig| ah|i~ jdhgmil |di hmi k~ }kcig |k 8= hgl
hpph~ig|av }hg|z |k ak}i~ f| |k 89 hmhfg':\dfz lfl gk| cihg! dk}iui~! |dh| kg |di nhzfz k |di kal
jkli |di h|di~ }kyal dhui hy|kch|fj jyz|klv fg jhzi k
lfuk~ji' F| }hz yp |k |di bylmi |k lijfli! hgl bylmiz migi~haav
mhui |di jyz|klv k zchaa jdfal~ig |k |di ck|di~ hgl! fg |di
jhzi k kali~ jdfal~ig! |di mf~az |k |di ck|di~ hgl |di nkvz |k
|di h|di~! kg |di m~kyglz |dh| |div giilil ~kai ckliaz' \di
p~kufzfkg fg |di kal jkli p~fch~fav hij|il lijfzfkgz kui~
jdfal~ig }f|dfg |di ch~~fhmi! gk| fg lfuk~ji jhziz'
Jhcn~flmi Dfz|k~v k \y~oiv2 \y~oiv fg |di Ckli~g ]k~al!
Uka' 004! :44# 00< ~ik~c k |di Ehcfav Jkli! hz }iaa hz |di
icfgfz|z jy~~ig| jhcphfmg k~ |di hciglcig|
k |di pigha jkli' F }faa hazk gk|i |di jdhaaigmiz
k |di fcpaicig|h|fkg k |di >00< Ehcfav
Jkli! izpijfhaav fg ~y~ha h~ihz! hgl lfzjyzz hg
ha|i~gh|fui flikakmv k migli~ byz|fji p~ilh|fgm
|di ~ik~cz'
\di Ck~kjjhg Ehcfav Jkli! gk} |di kgav
zdh~fhd#nhzil aimha |it| fg |di jkyg|~v! jhg
ni flig|ffil hz |di k~ickz| zf|i fg }dfjd h
Ck~kjjhg Cyzafc flig|f|v fz h~|fjyah|il' Hz
h aimha |it| fg }dfjd migli~ pkafjv fz kyglil kg
~iafmfkyz iufligji hgl ahniail fg |i~cz k |di
Cyzafc flig|f|v k |di Z|h|i! |di Ck~kjjhg
Ehcfav Jkli fgit|~fjhnav afgoz |di aimha z|h|yz
k }kcig hgl cig |k |di ~iafmfkyz kyglh|fkgzk pkaf|fjha pk}i~' \dfz fg|i~lipigligji k
|di pkaf|fjha hgl |di ~iafmfkyz! |kmi|di~ }f|d
|di zkjfhaav cknfafrfgm! ~iafmfkyzav jkgzi~uh|fui
lfzjky~ziz! dhz chli f| lffjya| k~ Ck~kjjhg
afni~ha icfgfz|z |k m~kygl |dif~ jahfcz kg akjha
jya|y~ha hgl zkjfha kk|dkalz k migli~ ixyhaf|v'
^iavfgm itjayzfuiav kg ygfui~zha uhayiz k migli~
ixyhaf|v |k jahfc ~fmd|z k~ }kcig dhz! dk}iui~!
p~kuil afcf|fgm zfgji zyjd ~iafhgji lkiz gk|
hll~izz |di zpijffj ~iafmfkyz hgl pkaf|fjha |i~cz
fg }dfjd }kcigz z|h|yz fz lifgil'
Fg hggkygjfgm |di hciglcig| k |di Ehcfav
Jkli |it| h| |di kpigfgm k ph~afhcig| fg
haa >00:! Ofgm Ckdhccil UF z|h|il! F| fz
gijizzh~v |k ni cfglya k |di |kai~hg| hfc k
Fzahc }dfjd hlukjh|iz dychg lfmgf|v! ixyhaf|v
hgl dh~ckgfkyz ~iah|fkgz! hgl hazk |k ~iav kg
|di jkdizfuigizz k |di Chafof|i ~f|i hgl kg
fb|fdhl'8 Nhzil kg |di imhaf|h~fhg zpf~f| k |di
Xy~hg hgl Zyggh! |di ofgm yzil dfz ~kvha
p~i~kmh|fui |k n~iho }f|d zkci k |di chaiz
aimha p~fufaimiz zyjd hz chai myh~lfhgzdfp kui~
}kcig $}fahvh&! ~ipylfh|fkg! hgl |di chaiz
ygfah|i~ha ~fmd| k~ lfuk~ji! ahvfgm |di m~kygl
k~ h zdf| fg |di z|h|iz lifgf|fkg k |di hcfav'
]dfai |di 869= Ehcfav Jkli |it| lifgil
|di hcfav hz h ygfkg k~ p~kj~ih|fkg ygli~
|di aihli~zdfp k |di dyznhgl}f|d migli~
~kaiz lifgil fg |i~cz k |di hy|dk~f|h|fui
py~uivk~#dyznhgl hgl |di knilfig| lkciz|fj
}k~oi~}fi|di hciglil |it| lifgiz |di
hcfav fg |i~c k h ph~|gi~zdfp ni|}iig |}k
ixyha! ckli~g Cyzafc jf|frigz'
\dfz ~ik~c }kyal dhui p~knhnav giui~ |hoig
pahji }f|dky| |di afni~ha icfgfz|z igly~fgmhgl iij|fui hj|fufzc k~ aimha migli~ ixyhaf|v'
Ck~kjjhg icfgfz|z hlukjhjv k~ }kcigz
~fmd|z! fgjaylfgm |di jy~~ig| icfgfz| jhcphfmg
k~ |di hciglcig| k |di pigha jkli! fz p~ic fzil
kg ygfui~zha dychg ~fmd|z hz |di itjayzfui
~ii~ig|fha ~hci}k~o }f|dfg }dfjd }kcigz
fzzyiz giil |k ni hll~izzil' \di icfgfz|z
Zkyhl Illkyhlh
Hzzfz|hg| P~keizzk~! Liph~|cig| ke Igmafzd! Fng \kehfa Ygfui~zf|v! Oigf|~h! Ck~kjjk
]kcig hgl |di Pkaf|fjz ke^iek~c fg Ck~kjjk
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8/2/2019 Islamic Feminism and Beyond the New Frontier
9/17
LLAI IHZ\ P^KM^HC KJJHZFKGHA PHPI^ ZI^FIZ EHAA >080
5
hlukjhjv k |di zijyah~frh|fkg k |di pigha jkli
hgl |di jklffjh|fkg k }kcigz fglfuflyha
~iilkc! fgjaylfgm |di aimhafrh|fkg k hnk~|fkg!
fz jdhaaigmil nv |di Fzahcfz|z h|}hz jhaafgm
k~ nkvjk||fgm chai mvgijkakmfz|z nijhyzi!
hjjk~lfgm |k |dic! f| fz ck~i hpp~kp~fh|i k~
Cyzafc }kcig |k zii h ichai |dhg h chai
mvgijkakmfz|' Eicfgfz| hlukjhjv k~ |di ~ickuha
k }kcigz fzzyiz ~kc |di ~ihac k |di
~iafmfkyz |k |dh| k |di |icpk~ha fz jkyg|i~il nv
Fzahcfz| ~izfz|hgji k~ |di p~izi~uh|fkg k |di ahz|
nhz|fkgz k Ck~kjjhg Cyzafc flig|f|v! }dfjd
h~i }kcig hgl |di hcfav' \di ~hlfjhafrh|fkg
k |di Fzahcfz|#icfgfz| lfjdk|kcv fz iuflig| fg
ik~|z |k li|i~cfgi }dh| zdkyal jkgz|f|y|i |di
~hci}k~o k~ aimfzah|fkg hgl pkafjvchofgm
ygfui~zha dychg ~fmd|z k~ Fzahcfj flihaz' Fg |dfz
linh|iz zdf| ~kc h lf~ij| jkg~kg|h|fkg |k hg
fglf~ij| lfzjyzzfkg! |di jkgzixyigjiz ~ichfg |k
ni ziig'
\dfz lfjdk|kckyz linh|i fg Ck~kjjk
cf~~k~z E~igjd linh|iz kg fzzyiz zyjd hz |di uifa!
zijyah~fzc hgl Fzahc! hgl ichai ichgjfph|fkg
ui~zyz kpp~izzfkg hgl dhz jkgz|~yj|il migli~
ixyhaf|v hz h zvgkgvc k~ hnhglkgfgm akjha
Cyzafc jya|y~iz hgl izpkyzfgm hg fgdi~ig|av
imhaf|h~fhg ]iz|i~g jya|y~i' \di p~kck|fkg
k h ygfui~zha! zfgmyah~+zijyah~ cklia k~
migli~ ixyhaf|v nv icfgfz| m~kypz! hz }iaa
hz |dif~ ~ibij|fkg k hgv zi~fkyz igmhmicig|
}f|d zdh~fhd! dhz y~|di~il |di hafigh|fkg k
icfgfz| uhayiz hgl jkg|~fny|il |k |di ~fzi
k hzzycp|fkgz |dh| icfgfzc hgl Fzahc h~i
cy|yhaav itjayzfui'
Fg h >009 Zfz|i~z fg Fzahc pynafjh|fkg!
Hcfgh Ahc~fgf! kgi k |di kyglfgm cicni~z
k h aihlfgm icfgfz| k~mhgfrh|fkg! Lickj~h|fj
Hzzkjfh|fkg k Ck~kjjhg ]kcig! flig|ffil
|di kfjfha! jkgzi~uh|fui! hgl pkaf|fjha Fzahc
hz |di chfg hg|hmkgfz| k hgv icfgfz| p~kbij| fg
|di jkyg|~v' \dfz hzzizzcig| lkiz gk|! dk}iui~!
aihl di~ |k ~i|dfgo di~ pkzf|fkg' Fgz|ihl zdi
oiipz kg ypdkalfgm ygfui~zha uhayiz hgl
}dh| zdi jhaaz |di zkjfkakmfjha pi~zpij|fui kui~
|di ~iafmfkyz kgi2 |di jkaaij|fzyjjiilil fg
|~hgzi~~fgm |di linh|i fg |di pynafj h~igh
~kc |di ~iafmfkyz pkfg| k ufi} |k h zkjfha kgi!
fgzfz|fgm ph~|fjyah~av kg |di lhfav p~knaicz |dh|
}kcig hji! zyjd hz lfuk~ji! pkavmhcv hgl
ufkaigji $Ahc~fgf 89=&'>
]dfai Ahc~fgf ~fmd|av pkfg|z ky| |di
icfgfz|z zyjjizz fg fg|im~h|fgm |di zkjfkakmfjha
pi~zpij|fui fg|k |di aimha jkgz|~yj|fkg k
migli~! |di itjayzfkg k ~iafmfkg ~kc |di
linh|i kg migli~ fzzyiz fz gk| |ighnai' Fg
dfz >00: hggkygjicig| k |di Ehcfav Jkli
hciglcig|! Ofgm Ckdhccil UF z|h|il |dh|
zdh~fhdhgl dychg ~fmd|z h~i |di ~hci}k~o
}f|dfg }dfjd |di hciglcig|z k |di Ehcfav
Jkli h~i |k ni pahjil' \di kfjfha lfzjky~ziz
h||icp| |k ~ijkgjfai Fzahc }f|d icfgfzc fz!
fg hj|! jkyg|i~il nv |di fg|igzffil pkah~f|v
ni|}iig Fzahcfz|z hgl icfgfz|z' ]dfai |di
Fzahcfz|z h~i z|hmi#chghmfgm jkg|~kui~zv kg
migli~ fg k~li~ |k yafaa ph~|fjyah~ pkaf|fjha
hcnf|fkgz! |di icfgfz|z izzig|fhafz| hgl ~fmflav
zijyah~ cihgfgm k |di ~fmd|z k Ck~kjjhg
}kcig fz! fg hj|! ~iirfgm |di linh|i kg migli~
ixyhaf|v fg zijyah~+~iafmfkyz pkah~f|fiz' Fg |dfz
zigzi hgl fg |di ghci k migli~ ixyhaf|v!
icfgfz|z h~i iglk~zfgm |di zhci dkckmigfrfgm
|dizfz |dh| k~fmfgh|il fg |di 869= Ehcfav Jkli
|it|! }dfjd zypp~izzil itfz|fgm akjha cihgfgmz
k ixyf|v zyjd hz ohl }h zfhvh! ~ii~~fgm |k
|di p~hj|fji k ixyf|hnai ~i}h~l k~ dh~l ahnk~
~imh~laizz k migli~' \dfz }hz h zdh~fhd#nhzil
gk|fkg k migli~ byz|fji liuiakpil nv Ck~kjjhg
fxd! k~ by~fzp~yligji! fg |di zky|di~g ~imfkgizpijfhaav'
\di pkz|#fglipiglig| gh|fkghafrh|fkg pkafjv
hgl |di hluig| k |di f~z| 869= Ehcfav Jkli
ail |k |di hnkafzdcig| k ohl }h zfhvh hz h
akjha zdh~fhd#nhzil ~fmd| k~ }kcig! }dfjd
uhayil }kcigz ahnk~ fg |di fial hgl h| dkci
hgl m~hg|il |k dkyzi}fuiz hgl ~y~ha }kcig
}k~ofgm fg hm~fjya|y~i |di ~fmd| |k dha k |di
p~kpi~|v hjjycyah|il ly~fgm h ch~~fhmi' \dfz
fz! fg hj|! h ~fmd| ligfil |k }kcig nv h~|fjai
00< hciglil Ehcfav Jkli ah~miav
nhzil kg |di hzzycp|fkg k h }kchg hz h
ckli~g jkg|~hj|! chofgm di~ hg hy|kgkckyz
jf|frig }f|d h zhah~v fg h k~cha ijkgkcv' \dfz
ygli~z|hglfgm k h zfgmai cihgfgm k ixyhaf|v
fz p~icfzil kg gkgitfz|ig| jkglf|fkgz zyjd hz
fglfuflyhafzc! hy|kgkcv! hjjizz |k ilyjh|fkg!
z|h|i fgz|f|y|fkgz! hgl |di k~cha ijkgkcv
~ilyjiz |di fcpk~|hgji k |di imhaf|h~fhg
fg|ig|fkg k |di >00< Ehcfav Jkli'
H ~ijig| i|dgkm~hpdfj z|ylv fg |di Mdh~n
~imfkg! kgi k |di chbk~ ~y~ha h~ihz fg |di
jkyg|~v! zdk}il |dh| }kcig fafgm jhziz k
lfuk~ji k~ hafckgv ~h~iav zii h ah}vi~ if|di~
nijhyzi |div lk gk| zii |di pkfg| k lkfgm zk
k~ nijhyzi f| fz |kk itpigzfui hgl gk| }k~|d |di
zchaa hafckgv phvcig| |dh| lkiz gk| itjiil
:0 lkaah~z pi~ ckg|d k~ iui~v jdfal' H~|fjai 009' 89=#8=4'
Iglgk|iz
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8/2/2019 Islamic Feminism and Beyond the New Frontier
10/17
LLAI IHZ\ P^KM^HC KJJHZFKGHA PHPI^ ZI^FIZ EHAA >080
4
Fg cv p~izig|h|fkg! F }faa kjyz kg kgav kgi
chfg fzzyi jkgji~gfgm }kcigz jf|frigzdfp hgl
~ip~izig|h|fkg fg |di jhzi k F~hg2 }kcigz ~fmd|
|k uk|i' F h~myi |dh| |di afgi k lich~jh|fkg k~
h icfgfz| hmiglhk }dfjd |di ~fmd| |k uk|i fz
h uf|ha ph~|fz gk| l~h}g kg h zfcpafz|fj nfgh~v
ni|}iig zijyah~ ui~zyz ~iafmfkyz zphji' Iuig|z
ly~fgm |di |}ig|fi|d jig|y~v dfz|k~v k F~hgz
zy~hmi ckuicig| p~kufli iufligji k~ cv
jahfc' Nik~i F hll~izz |di iufligji! dk}iui~!
F }faa p~kufli h migi~ha ~hci}k~o k~ cv
h~mycig| yzfgm h i} |dik~i|fjha zyppkzf|fkgz
|dh| F dhui ~ihjdil |d~kymd cv zjdkah~zdfp hgl
hj|fufzc'
Fg ckli~g F~hg! hz fg chgv k|di~ jkyg|~fiz!
|di |~hbij|k~v k migli~ pkaf|fjz hgl |di xyiz|
k~ }kcigz ~fmd|z dhz niig gimk|fh|il }f|dfg
h jkcpait ph|~fh~jdha pk}i~ mhci cilfh|il
nv |di Fzahcfj |~hlf|fkg hgl k|di~ z|~yj|y~ha
zkjfkijkgkcfj hj|k~z' Hgv k~mhgfril ~iafmfkg!
fgjaylfgm Fzahc! fz hz cyjd hnky| pkaf|fjz hgl
pk}i~ hz f| fz hnky| hf|d' Fzahc! afoi k|di~
}k~al ~iafmfkgz! dhz niig yzil hz cyjd! f gk|
ck~i! k~ |di py~pkziz k jkccygf|v#nyfalfgm!
flig|f|v pkaf|fjz! hgl jkg|~ka kui~ fglfuflyhaz
hgl ~imyah|fkg k zkjfi|v hz k~ |di zhoi kzpf~f|yhaf|v hgl |di xyiz| k~ cihgfgm' Zityhaf|v!
fgjaylfgm |di chai#ichai ~iah|fkgzdfp! dhz niig
hckgm |di lkchfgz ckz| fg|fch|iav ~imyah|il
hgl ckgf|k~il nv k~mhgfril ~iafmfkgz fg hackz|
haa |~hlf|fkgha zkjfi|fiz'
]kcigz xyiz| k~ zy~hmi hgl ixyha ~fmd|z
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^izih~jd Hzzkjfh|i! Jig|i~ ek~ Gih~ Ihz|i~g Z|ylfiz! YJAH
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8/2/2019 Islamic Feminism and Beyond the New Frontier
11/17
LLAI IHZ\ P^KM^HC KJJHZFKGHA PHPI^ ZI^FIZ EHAA >080
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8/2/2019 Islamic Feminism and Beyond the New Frontier
12/17
LLAI IHZ\ P^KM^HC KJJHZFKGHA PHPI^ ZI^FIZ EHAA >080
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Xy~hgfj ~ihlfgm m~kypzdhui nijkci
cihgz k hf~cfgm flig|f|v hgl liiglfgm
~fmd|z' F }faa jkg|it|yhafri |di jkglf|fkgz |dh|
ail |k |di iahnk~h|fkg k |di Pi~zkgha Z|h|yz
Jkli $PZJ& fg \ygfzfh! hgl F }faa ky|afgi |di
fgf|fh|fuiz |hoig nv jiafnh|i }kcig fg uh~fkyz
H~hn#Cyzafc jkyg|~fiz hgl zdk} dk} |dizi
fgf|fh|fuiz cfmd| zymmiz| gi} zkjfha ckuicig|z
|k liigl }kcigz ~fmd|z |k zityhaf|v }f|dfg |di
~hci}k~o k Fzahcfj i|dfjz $hz lifgil nv |di
PZJ&! hz }iaa hz |di jdkfjiz jiafnh|i }kcig fg
\ygfzfh choi |k |~hgzjigl |di ch~mfghafrh|fkg
fcpkzil ypkg |dic nv |di af||ai |~hlf|fkg'
\di chfg jkgjip|z F }faa ni yzfgm h~i 8& flig|f|v
jkgz|~yj|fkg? >& |di ygjkgzjfkyz zfmgffjhgji
k ji~|hfg ~f|yhaz ~iah|il |k |di dhf~ hgl |k
zityhaf|v? hgl :& kui~#jkgk~cf|v'
\di Pi~zkgha Z|h|yz Jkli! h
p~klyj| ke zkjfha z|~ymmaiz
Lk jiafnh|i }kcig jh~~vfgm ky| |dizi gi}
~iafmfkyz p~hj|fjiz }fzd |k ~i|y~g |k |di jkglf|fkg
k }kcig nik~i |di PZJ; H~i |div kppkzil |k
|di ~fmd|z hf~cil fg |di PZJ; \di PZJ }hz
iahnk~h|il fg |di jkg|it| k h zi~fiz k zkjfha!
pkaf|fjha! hgl jya|y~ha z|~ymmaiz' \di zf|yh|fkg
k }kcig hgl |dif~ ~fmd|z }hz h| |di jig|i~
k ~ik~cfz| |dfgofgm fg \ygfzfh z|h~|fgm fg
84=5 }dig |di kfjfha mkui~gcig| pynafjh|fkg
p~kuflil gi}z kg icfgfzc fg Igmahgl hgl kg
|di }kcigz ckuicig|' Chgkynfh Kyi~|hgf
hgl Dhnfnh Cigjdh~f! }dk fg 86>< hgl 86>6!
~izpij|fuiav! |kko k |dif~ uifaz $jhaail |di zhzh~f
fg \ygfzfh! gfxhniazi}di~i fg |di H~hn }k~al&
fg pynafj fg cii|fgmz k~mhgfril nv E~igjd
zkjfhafz|z $\ygfzfh }hz h E~igjd P~k|ij|k~h|i
z|h~|fgm fg 8448&! nijhci |h~mi|z k zdh~p
pkaicfjz fg |di akjha p~izz! iufligji |dh| |di
}hv fg }dfjd jkakgfha pk}i~ }hz iti~jfzil
jkcpafjh|il |di linh|i kui~ }kcigz jkglf|fkg'
Hckgm |di fg|iaaij|yhaz }dk ph~|fjfph|il fg |dfz
lfzjyzzfkg! Dlf Ahnflf! fg h~|fjaiz hppih~fgm
fg 86>4 fg ziui~ha \ygfzfhg gi}zphpi~z! }hz
|di f~z| |k jhaa ypkg }kcig |k k~mhgfri
|dicziauiz fg hzzkjfh|fkgz |k p~kck|i |dif~ k}g
giilz' Dhnfn Nky~myfnh! bky~ghafz|! ah}vi~
hgl cfaf|hg| hj|fufz| k~ fglipigligji! |kko h
pynafj pkzf|fkg kg |dfz fg 86>6 nv pynafzdfgm
hg h~|fjai fg }dfjd di kppkzil |hofgm k |di
uifa zfgji di jkgzfli~il f| hg fg|im~ha ph~| k
H~hn#Cyzafc flig|f|v'> Hz h pkaf|fjha fmy~i! }hz
di h}h~i k |di |~ih|cig| k }kcig fg zkci
k|di~ Fzahcfj jkyg|~fiz afoi Hri~nhfbhg }di~i!fg ~izpkgzi |k |di yguifafgm jhcphfmg nv |di
Jkccygfz| Ph~|v! }kcig }dk |kko k |di uifa
}i~i pygfzdil! dh~hzzil! hgl! fg ji~|hfg jhziz!
cy~li~il nv |dif~ hcfafiz;
Z|h~|fgm fg |di 86:0z! zkci }kcig! ijdkfgm
|di jkgji~gz ukfjil fg h nkko nv \hdh~ Dhllhl
liuk|il |k |di zf|yh|fkg k }kcig!: k~mhgfril
\di Pi~zkgha Z|h|yz Jkli hgl]kcigz Jiafnhjv fg \ygfzfh
Afafh Ahnflf
P~keizzk~! Hg|d~kpkakmv hgl Pzvjdkakmv! Ygfui~zf|v ke \ygfz
8Phflh~! Ph~ufg' ]kcig hgl |di Pkaf|fjha P~kjizz fg \}ig|fi|d#
Jig|y~v F~hg! Jhcn~flmi2 Jhcn~flmi Ygfui~zf|v P~izz! 8669!
p 55'>Mhgbf! Honh~' Dhaha oh~lhg#i dh~hcdh uh dh~hc oh~lhg#i
dhahadh! > _Chofgm |di k~nfllig pi~cfzzfnai hgl |di
pi~cfzzfnai k~nfllig! ph~| >S jf|il ~kc |di Zhdfid#vi Fchc
$Odkcifgfz Jkaaij|fkg&! Ukayci F! hjjizzil fg Bygi >080 h|2
d||p2++}}}'cfdhg'gi|+gi}z8+fglit'pdp;kp|fkg3jkc[
jkg|ig|%ufi}3h~|fjai%fl3>4582>080#0=#04#85#00#
8:%jh|fl342hggkygjicig||2
Iglgk|iz
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8/2/2019 Islamic Feminism and Beyond the New Frontier
13/17
LLAI IHZ\ P^KM^HC KJJHZFKGHA PHPI^ ZI^FIZ EHAA >080
chai icfm~h|fkg? |di ckuicig| k vkygm ~y~ha
}kcig |k hj|k~v }k~o kg |di jkhz|z? hgl
fccfm~h|fkg! nk|d jahgliz|fgi4 hgl aimha! fg|k
Iy~kpi $ck~i |dhg kgi cfaafkg \ygfzfhgz afui
hn~khl! }f|d ck~i |dhg kgi#|ig|d k \ygfzfhg
}kcig hn~khl fg p~kizzfkgha jhphjf|fiz zyjd hz
~izih~jdi~z! h~jdf|ij|z! hgl lkj|k~z& haa k |dizi
zi~fkyzav hij|fgm |di hcfav! }dfjd dhz nijkci
h zf|i k j~fzfz! }f|d zfmgffjhg| fgj~ihziz fg |di
gycni~ k lfuk~jiz! zfgmai#ph~ig| hcfafiz! hgl
fg jiafnhjv'
Zfgji |di 8660z! }i h~i }f|gizzfgm jdhgmiz
fg |di z|~yj|y~i k |di ~imfkgz pkpyah|fkg' Fg
>009! :> pi~jig| k |di ig|f~i pkpyah|fkg fg
|di H~hn }k~al }hz ni|}iig |di hmiz k 89 hgl
>6! ~ip~izig|fgm kui~ 800 cfaafkg pikpai! |di
dfmdiz| ~h|fk k vky|d |k hlya|z fg |di ~imfkgz
dfz|k~v' Hazk! |di ~imfkg jkg~kg|z hg fgj~ihzi
fg vky|d jiafnhjv fg h jkg|it| }di~i hg Fzahcfj
i|dfjz k zityhaf|v ~ichfgz fg k~ji h| |di aiuia
k |di zkjfha fchmfgh|fkg' C' Nh~hoi|6 hgl J'
\h~fh!80 hckgm k|di~ lickm~hpdi~z! h||~fny|il
|}k#|df~lz k |di ~ilyjil gycni~ k nf~|dz fg
\ygfzfh |k fcnhahgjiz fg ch~~fhmi ph||i~gz |dh|
}k~o |k |di li|~fcig| k }kcig' ^' Nihybk|
itpahfgz |dh| fg 8640! dha k lfuk~jil cig
~ich~~fil }di~ihz |dfz }hz |~yi k~ kgav kgi
k zft }kcig' Hllf|fkghaav! chgv \ygfzfhg
cig }k~ofgm hn~khl jdkzi |dif~ \ygfzfhg
n~fliz hckgm cyjd vkygmi~ }kcig k~ ch~~fil
h gkg#Cyzafc hn~khl! }di~ihz }kcig }i~i
yghnai |k jdkkzi h zpkyzi ~kc ky|zfli |dif~
jya|y~ha jkccygf|v'88 P' Eh~myiz pkfg|z |k h
zfcfah~ pdigkcigkg fg Imvp| }di~i fg |di
8660z! >8': pi~jig| k }kcig nk~g fg 86=0}kyal giui~ ch~~v'8>
Fg |dizi jf~jycz|hgjiz! ji~|hfg H~hn z|h|iz
dhui jdkzig |k zi| yp yglz |k zyppk~| hgl
jiain~h|i jkaaij|fui ch~~fhmi' F~hg ~hfzil |di
fzzyi k |icpk~h~v ch~~fhmi hz h zkay|fkg |k
|di pzvjdkakmfjha p~knaicz k vky|d hgl hz
h zkay|fkg k~ pkk~ pikpai' \di \ygfzfhg
Cfgfz|~v k~ ]kcig! |di Ehcfav! Jdfaldkkl!
hgl |di Hmil! dhz niig lfz|~fny|fgm n~kjdy~iz
igjky~hmfgm ch~~fhmi k~ |di phz| i} vih~z'
\dfz dhz |hoig pahji fg h jkg|it| }di~i |di
pi~jig|hmi k ygch~~fil fglfuflyhaz dhz niig
~fzfgm2 ~kc >008 |k >005! |di p~kpk~|fkg k
jiafnhjv hckgm \ygfzfhg }kcig ni|}iig |di
hmiz k :0 hgl :< ~kzi ~kc 8='= pi~jig| |k
:='9 pi~jig|? k~ cig! 90 pi~jig| ni|}iig
|di hmiz k :0 hgl :< h~i ygch~~fil' ]i hazk
zii h ch~oil fgj~ihzi fg hmi h| f~z| ch~~fhmi!
}f|d cigz hui~hmi hmi ~fzfgm ~kc >6'89 |k
:> hgl }kcigz ~kc >:'65 |k >='80 kui~
|di pi~fkl ~kc 8668 |k >00=' Fg >006! |di
\ygfzfhg p~izz ijdkil |di zkjfha chahfzi ~iah|il
|k |dizi pdigkcigh!8: zkci|fciz jhaafgm k~
k~fch~~fhmi hz h }hv |k p~k|ij| |di hcfav
zy~p~fzfgm fg h jkyg|~v }di~i |di z|h|i fz ogk}g
k~ dhufgm jdhcpfkgil }kcigz ~fmd|z fg |di
Pi~zkgha Z|h|yz Jkli'
]dh| fgf|fh|fuiz h~i |di ~imfkgz vky|d
|hofgm fg k~li~ |k liha }f|d |dizi pdigkcigh;
Fg Ck~kjjk! |di Fg|i~gi| hjfaf|h|il ch~~fhmiz
ni|}iig Ck~kjjhg }kcig hgl cig ~kc jakzi
|k >0 jkyg|~fiz! hgl zyjd ch~~fhmiz ~kzi ~kc
hnky| 8!000 fg 866= |k hnky| 5!000 fg >00=' Fg
Imvp|! h gycni~ k ygch~~fil }kcig }~f|fgm
nakmz itpi~figjil zyjd zyjjizz hckgm }in#yzi~z
|dh| pynafzdi~z dhui p~kpkzil pynafzdfgm |dizi
nakmz' Fg >004! Ha#Jdky~kyx pynafzdil |di
jd~kgfjai! Hvrh h|mh}iz$F }hg| |k mi| ch~~fil&
~kc h nakm }~f||ig nv Mdhlh Hnlia#Ha $|y~gil
fg|k h |iaiufzfkg zi~fha |dh| hppih~il ly~fgm
^hchlhg >080&! hgl K~r nf#ahnhg af jdhodzifg
$^fji }f|d cfao k~ |}k& nv ^idhn Nhzzhc hckgmk|di~z! nk|d k }dkc dhl niig }~f|fgm |dif~
nakmz zfgji >006
h~myil hmhfgz| |hofgm k |di zhzh~f! jdhgmil dfz
pkzf|fkg fg |di 8690z! jhaafgm ypkg }kcig |k
|hoi |di zhzh~fk'
Hckgm |di ah|i~ ~ik~cz fg|~klyjil nv |di
zijkgl \ygfzfhg ^ipynafj fg |di 8660z }i~i
h}h~lfgm \ygfzfhg gh|fkghaf|v |k jdfal~ig k h
\ygfzfhg ck|di~ hgl h k~ifmg h|di~! ky|ah}fgm
|di fbnh~ $p~hj|fji k k~jil ch~~fhmiz&! hgl
j~fcfghafrfgm dkgk~ j~fciz fg |di zhci }hv
hz hgv k|di~ k~c k cy~li~' K|di~ ah}z }i~i
hlkp|il fg ~izpkgzi |k p~izzy~i ~kc cig! zyjd
hz |dkzi knafmfgm }kcig }f|d |di ijkgkcfj
cihgz |k lk zk |k zdh~i fg fghgjfha zyppk~|k |di hcfav! iuig }dfai ygixyha fgdi~f|hgji
~fmd|z }i~i chfg|hfgil' Eicfgfz|z fgj~ihzfgmav
jhaail k~ zyzpiglfgm |dfz fgdi~f|hgji p~hj|fji
fg |di p~izig| jkg|it| }di~i zyjd p~hj|fjiz
dhl nijkci lfzj~fcfgh|k~v' H| |di zhci |fci!
h pk~|fkg k |klhvz fg|iaafmig|zfh hgl zijyah~
icfgfz|z! nk|d fg |di Chmd~in hgl fg Iy~kpi!
|fi |di dfbhn |k }kcigz zyncfzzfkg hgl zii
}kcig }dk }ih~ f| hz ~kg|z k~ |di cig }dk
kpp~izz |dic' \di k~fmfgz k zyjd pi~jip|fkgz
mk nhjo |k |di nimfggfgm k |di >0|d jig|y~v
}dig! fg jkakgfha lfzjky~zi! |di uifa }hz ~iah|il
|k zixyiz|~h|fkg k }kcig fg |di dkci! hgl
}dig! hckgm ~ik~cfz|z! }kcig }i~i ziig hz
dhufgm |di z|h|yz k cfgk~z' \klhv |di dfbhn
$hz viz|i~lhv |di gfxhn&! fz zynbij| |k |di pahv
k |dizi k~jiz! chofgm f| lffjya| |k h~myi |dh|
|di gi} }kcig cvz|fjz chv jahfc |k ni |di
aimf|fch|i lizjiglig|z k |di }kcig cfaf|hg|z
k |di 86:0z'
Jiafnhjv2 h gi} ofgl ke zkjfha
ckuicig|
^izih~jd z|ylfiz kui~ ~ijig| vih~z dhui
icpdhzfril |di knz|hjaiz |k ch~~fhmi! hckgm
|dic! |di jkz| k |di }illfgm! ygicpakvcig|!
hgl |di p~fji k dkyzfgm' Chj~k#ijkgkcfjhaav!
}i zii |dh| }di~ihz fg Ck~kjjk fg 8669!
j~ilf|z k~ jkgzyci~ mkklz }i~i nfaafkg
k~ |di f~z| zft ckg|dz k >006'5 Fg \ygfzfh!
}di~ihz zkci 90!000 dkyzidkalz }i~i afufgm
kg j~ilf| fg >00:! |dfz fmy~i ~kzi |k 400!000
fg >004' \k|ha dkyzidkal lin| fg \ygfzfh fg
>004 ~ihjdil 4'> nfaafkg lfgh~z $hpp~ktfch|iav
,5': nfaafkg&! ~kc 9'6 nfaafkg lfgh~z fg >00=!
hg fgj~ihzi k hackz| 080 ~kzi |k ck~i |dhg 800!000lfgh~z pi~ vih~ }di~ihz akjha icpakviiz fg
liakjhafril f~cz ~ihjdil kgav hpp~ktfch|iav
:!000 lfgh~z pi~ vih~! h lfzph~f|v hflil nv |di
~fzfgm ygicpakvcig| ~h|iz |dh| ~ihjdil :0
pi~jig| hckgm ygfui~zf|v m~hlyh|iz' K|di~
z|~fofgm pdigkcigh fgjayli |di icfgfrh|fkg
k hm~fjya|y~i fg ~imfkgz itpi~figjfgm dfmd
>
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8/2/2019 Islamic Feminism and Beyond the New Frontier
14/17
LLAI IHZ\ P^KM^HC KJJHZFKGHA PHPI^ ZI^FIZ EHAA >080
Ghrf mi|z ch~~fil }dfai }i jhg|' \dfz p~k|iz|
ckuicig| xyfjoav mhfgil
k~ h z|~foi |dh| |kko pahji fg Ch~jd >080!
dhufgm hz f|z hfc |k pyzd hcfafiz |k ~ilyji |di
jkz| k ch~~fhmi k~ vkygm pikpai'
Gi} }kcig cvz|fjz fg
\ygfzfh
Jkg~kg|fgm h m~k}fgm gycni~ k ch~~fhmiz
ni|}iig \ygfzfhg }kcig hgl k~ifmg cig
:!004 |di ah} }hz jdhgmil |k hlhp| |k |dfz
gi} zkjfi|ha |~igl' Cfgfz|i~fha lij~iiz fg 866:
hgl fg >008 gk akgmi~ ~ixyf~il |dh| jkgui~zfkg
|k Fzahc |hoi pahji nik~i |di Cy|f k |di
^ipynafj! hz dhl niig |di jhzi }f|d lij~iiz fg
86=:' K|di~ }kcig! yzyhaav }iaa#ilyjh|il!
fgz|f|y|il p~hj|fjiz |dh| ~ijhaail |di hzji|fj afi#
z|vai hgl ji~|hfg p~hj|fjiz k }kcig cvz|fjz fg
|di ih~av pi~fkl k Fzahc $rydl&! }f|d }kcig
jiafnh|iz }ih~fgm |di dfbhn hgl igmhmfgm fg
hz|fgm hgl p~hvi~z' Ny| }di~ihz }i cfmd|
jhaa |dizi }kcig gi} cvz|fjz! |div h~i hazk
lfi~ig| ~kc |di ih~afi~ cvz|fjz2 |div h~i gk|
~ijayzfui! hgl |dif~ jiafnhjv fz gk| h ~izya| k
|dif~ liafni~h|i jdkfji'
Fg hllf|fkg! }i zii |dh| zkci k |dif~
p~hj|fjiz h~i ~iah|il |k p~fuh|i ~f|yhaz! zyjd hz
ha#Kxzzh $jkui~fgm |di dhf~ }f|d h ~fnnkg! |k
~ip~izz |di fgz|fgj|z& hgl ha#\hzfd$h ~f|yha fg
|}k z|hmiz }f|d |di f~z| fgukaufgm zhj~ffji!
}di~i |di vkygm mf~a fz |hymd|! hjjk~lfgm |k
|di af||ai |~hlf|fkg! |k ni ckliz| hgl hnz|hfg
~kc zityha ~iah|fkgz nik~i ch~~fhmi! hgl |dizijkgl z|hmi ~iui~zfgm |di f~z| hgl p~iph~fgm
|di mf~a k~ ch~~fhmi&' ]kcig jkui~ |dif~ dhf~
fg chgv lfi~ig| zkjfi|fiz hgl! fg hg Fzahcfj
jkg|it|! |div }ih~ |di dfbhnhz h zfmg k p~kpi~
ckliz|v! zkci|dfgm |dh| hg hg|d~kpkakmfjha
hgl pzvjdkhghav|fj hpp~khjd chv diap yz |k
ygli~z|hgl' 8< I' Aihjd ziiz h ~iah|fkg ni|}iig
pynafj itp~izzfkg hgl p~fuh|i ck|fuh|fkg fg
|di pdhaafj jdh~hj|i~ k dhf~'89 Ek~ J' Ni~m!
|di p~hj|fjiz ~iah|fgm |k dhf~ ~ip~izig| hg
fg|~hpzvjdfj z|~ymmai ni|}iig fgz|fgj| l~fuiz
$migf|ha hgl p~i#migf|ha& hgl |di ik~|z k |di
~ip~izzfui k~jiz! hgl |dh| |di }dkai jkgafj| fz
lfzpahjil yp}h~lz |k |di zkjfhaav ufzfnai dhf~ k
|di dihl hgl hji'85
\di jkgjip| k kui~#jkgk~cf|v hz f|
~iah|iz |k |dfz m~kyp k }kcig }dk ~ichfg fg
hg ygch~~fil z|h|i! l~h}z ~kc |~hlf|fkgz! |di
m~ih| hgl |di af||ai! h gi} cihgfgm' Fg|i~ufi}z
F dhui jh~~fil ky|! ni|}iig >004 hgl >080!
}f|d ilyjh|il }kcig k lfi~ig| zkjfha cfafiy
hmil ni|}iig >5 hgl :
~iafmfkyz p~hj|fjiz k jiafnh|i }kcig lfi~ fg
jkg|ig| ~kc |dkzi k }kcig fg |di 86=0z hgl
~iaij|! fg h jkg|it| }di~i ~iafmfkyz lfzjky~zi
fz jkg|~kaail! h p~fuh|fril Fzahc' \dif~ kui~#
jkgk~cf|v fglfjh|iz! hz O~fpz dhz h~myil }f|d
~imh~l |k |di uifa8= hgl fg ~ii~~fgm |k h z|ylv
nv A' Dizzfgf |dh| zdk}z! k~ Ck~kjjhg }kcig!
|dh| |di uifa fz h p~k|ij|fkg hmhfgz| ghoilgizz!
fcpy~f|v! hgl fzkah|fkg! hgl hzzi~|z |di zityha
i|dfjz ~ixyf~il k |dif~ migli~ fg |di Cyzafc
k~li~' Hazk! |di dfbhn fgj~ihziz h }kchgz
cknfaf|v! p~kufliz pdvzfjha hgl ick|fkgha
zijy~f|v! hgl zi~uiz h ph~hlktfjha py~pkzi2
f| zfcya|hgikyzav jdhaaigmiz hgl ygli~zjk~iz
|di gk|fkg k |di ygjdhgmfgm! i|i~gha ichai
hgl di~ hzzkjfh|il |~hlf|fkgha ~kaiz! zi~ufgm
|k zynui~| |dizi jkguig|fkgz'84 C' Ghzzi~
zymmiz|z! fg hllf|fkg! |dh| }kcig }ih~ |di
dfbhnnijhyzi |div giil |k fgl zkay|fkgz |k gi}
p~izzy~iz pahjil ypkg |dic maknhaav! fgjaylfgm
jkgafj|fgm jya|y~ha cizzhmiz hgl jkg|~hlfj|k~vjya|y~ha itpij|h|fkgz' F| hazk p~kufliz zfmgz k
}kcigz py~zyf| k zia#lifgf|fkg! liuiakpcig|
hgl pk}i~ gimk|fh|fkgz! }f|dfg |di p~km~izzfui
lfi~ig|fh|fkg k zkjfi|v ygli~mkfgm jdhgmi'86
\di gi} }kcig cvz|fjz zhv |dh| |dizi
gi} p~hj|fjiz mfui |dic zia#jkg|~ka hgl haak}
|dic nk|d |k hukfl fzkah|fkg hgl |k |hoi
ph~| fg |di afi k |dif~ jkccygf|v' Hz Zhnh
>5
8\di Jkgz|~yj|fkg k Flig|f|v hgl |di ^ik~cyah|fkg k
Dylyl' P~iph~il k~ |di Jig|i~ k~ Cfllai Ihz| Z|ylfiz!
ChjCfaahg Jig|i~! Vhai Ygfui~zf|v! hgl p~izig|il h| f|zCfllai Ihz| Z|ylfiz Zicfgh~! lf~ij|il nv P~k' Iaaig Ayz|!
Ch~jd >080! hgl h| |di jkgi~igji kg Lijkakgfrh|fkg!
Ckli~gfrh|fkg hgl Liuiakpcig| fg |di Cfllai Ihz| hgl
Gk~|d H~fjh hgl Nivkgl2 Gi} Z|ylfiz fg |di Dkyzidkal
hgl |di Ch~oi|! k~mhgfril fg Hp~fa >080 nv Jdhg|ha
\dkchz hgl Bhgi| Dhaaiv h| Jk~giaa Ygfui~zf|v'>Nky~myfnh! Dhnfn' Ai ukfai' fg H~|fjaiz li p~izzi! 86>6#
86:006' $:~l ilf|fkg&' Ahnflf! Afafh' Xhcyz
hz#zfvh~ af#acyghldfahh| h|#|ygfzfvhh|! 8448#8695
$Nfkm~hpdfjha Lfj|fkgh~v k \ygfzfhg ]kcig Cfaf|hg|z&'
\ygfz2 Fcp~fci~fi \ygfz Jh~|dhmi! >006'9Nafaf! Aifah' Dfz|kf~i li hcfaaiz' Ch~fhmiz! ~ipylfh|fkgz i| ufi
xyk|flfiggi \ygfz! 84=9 86:0' \ygfz2 Zj~fp|! 8666' H|
|di igl k |di 86|d jig|y~v! kgav 8> hcfafiz k 8:9 z|ylfil
}i~i fg zyjd h z|h|yz! hgl kgav ky~ k |dizi fgukauil
ygbyz|feil pkavmhcv'5Ck~i |dhg |d~ii k ky~ Ck~kjjhgz dhui kgi k~ |}k lin|z
|k aiglfgm fgz|f|y|fkgz! kgi k eui dhz ck~i |dhg |}k! hgl
kgi k |d~ii! h|i~ phvfgm dfz+di~ lin|z! dhz kgav :0) k
zhah~v ~ichfgfgm' $}}}'Ai Ch|fg'ch' Zy~igli||icig| liz
cghmiz' Zkcciz#gkyz ph~mgz;! 6 Chv >080&'=H z|ylv jh~~fil ky| fg Chv >006 nv |di K~mhgfzh| fkg li
Ligzi ly Jkgzkcch|iy~ hckgm =00 \ygfzfhgz |d~kymdky|
|di jkyg|~v! zdk}z |dh| h chbk~f|v k hcfafiz liuk|iz h
chbk~ pk~|fkg k |dif~ nylmi|z |k |di phvcig| k lin|z'
Ck~i |dhg 49) dhui niig fglin|il h| aihz| kgji fg |dif~
afuiz! 00=' Uka' =' Fzzyi : 2 :>6#:5:6Nh~hoi|! Ckdhchl' Aukay|fkg ~jig|i li ah gyp|fhaf| i|
li ah jkglf| ig \ygfzfi! 8655#86=9' Hj|iz ly Jkaakxyi
li Lckm~hpdfi lHnflbhg! Bhgyh~v 86=6'80\h~fh! Jdilaf' Xyiaxyiz hzpij|z zy~ ah zf|yh|fkg
lckm~hpdfxyi li ah \ygfzfi i| li zkg ukay|fkg hy jky~z
liz li~gf~iz hggiz' Lkjycig| p~zig| ak~z li ah
Jkg~igji zy~ ah jkglf| i| ai luiakppicig| jkgkcfxyi'
\ygfz! Gkuicni~ 864>'88Nihybk|! ^kli~fj' Afn~h|fkg li ah icci i| ch~jd
ch|~fckgfha ig \ygfzfi' Pkpyah|fkg! G 000'8:Linh| lhgz aiz bky~ghyt |ygfzfigz $Ai \icpz! ljicn~i
>006? Ah P~izzi! Bhgyh~v >080&'8
gk' 8Ahnflf! Afafh' hn~h Dhjdch' Zityhaf| i| \~hlf|fkg' \ygfz 2
Lh~ Iggh}~hz! 8646'
Iglgk|iz
Chdckkl dhz zdk}g!>0 |dizi gi} p~hj|fjiz
mfui }kcig h gi} hy|kgkcv fg h zf|yh|fkg
}di~i! |~hlf|fkghaav! }kcig dhl gk zkjfha z|h|yz
}f|dky| phzzfgm |d~kymd ch~~fhmi! jdfalnf~|d!
|di nf~|d k h nkv! hgl dfz jf~jycjfzfkg' >8 ]f|d
|dfz m~kyp k gi} }kcig cvz|fjz! }i h~i fg
|di p~izigji k! fg Ekyjhyalfhg |i~cz! }kcig
}dk choi |dif~ nklfiz h uidfjai k pk}i~ hgl h
cihgz k lfzzig|' Hgl! hmhfgz| haa itpij|h|fkgz!
|dizi }kcig p~izig| |dicziauiz hz liigli~z k
|di ckli~gf|v jkg|hfgil fg |di Pi~zkgha Z|h|yz
Jkli hgl! hz h jk~kaah~v! fg |dif~ ~iuka| hmhfgz|
jk~~yp|fkg! lkcfgh|fkg! hgl |di fcpk~|hgji
h}h~lil |k ch|i~fha afi kui~ zpf~f|yha afi! |div
fguig| h gi} ichgjfph|k~v migli~ }dfjd ~ibkfgz
|di icfgfz| p~fgjfpai |dh| |di pi~zkgha fz nk|d
p~fuh|i hgl pkaf|fjha'
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8/2/2019 Islamic Feminism and Beyond the New Frontier
15/17
LLAI IHZ\ P^KM^HC KJJHZFKGHA PHPI^ ZI^FIZ EHAA >080
ni iij|fui' \di ahjo k aimfzah|fkg p~kck|fgm
}kcigz p~izigji fg ph~afhcig| hazk itpahfgz
|dif~ jkg|fgyil ch~mfghafrh|fkg'
Kgav kgi fg iui~v |}k }kcig fg |di H~hn
}k~al fz af|i~h|i' Hz h ~izya|! |dif~ kui~haa pkaf|fjha
h}h~igizz fz xyf|i ak}' Ck~ikui~! ~ihj|fkgh~v
k~jiz ziio |k itjayli }kcig ~kc |di pynafj
hgl pkaf|fjha zpdi~iz! hgl chgv jy~~ig| pkaf|fjha
~imfciz p~kck|i |dizi jkgzi~uh|fui iaicig|z'
P~fk~ |k ygffjh|fkg! h ah~mi gycni~ k bylmiz
fg Zky|d Vicig }i~i }kcig! ny| zfgji |di
ygffjh|fkg jkgzi~uh|fui k~jiz! p~fch~fav ~kc
|di Gk~|d! dhui ~ihppkfg|il |dizi }kcig
|k jai~fjha pkzf|fkgz' \di ph|~fh~jdha pkaf|fjha
iguf~kgcig| fz gk| huk~hnav fgjafgil |k}h~l
ixyha ph~|fjfph|fkg fg |di pynafj zpdi~i' \dfz}hz lickgz|~h|il fg Oy}hf| fg >005! }di~i
ha|dkymd }kcig }i~i hnai |k uk|i k~ |di f~z|
|fci fg |di iaij|fkgz! gk| h zfgmai }kchg }kg h
ph~afhcig|h~v zih|' Fg |di ck~i ~ijig| iaij|fkgz
k >006! dk}iui~! ky~ }kcig hluhgjil |k |di
Oy}hf|f ph~afhcig|'
\di lfzcha z|h|i k H~hn ijkgkcfiz hazk
z|~yj|y~iz }kcigz hjjizz |k |di pynafj zpdi~i'
Hz z|hglh~lz k afufgm jkg|fgyi |k lijafgi
hj~kzz |di ~imfkg hgl ygicpakvcig| ~h|iz h~i
kg |di ~fzi! }kcig h~i nijkcfgm yghnai |k
hk~l |di ilyjh|fkg gijizzh~v |k igdhgji |dif~
zkjfha hgl dychg jhpf|ha' Zfgji >009! |di Y'Z'
Z|h|i Liph~|cig|z Cfllai Ihz| Ph~|gi~zdfp
Fgf|fh|fui $CIPF& dhz haakjh|il ziui~ha cfaafkgz
k lkaah~z hfcil h| fgj~ihzfgm h}h~igizz hckgm
}kcig fg |di ~imfkg! izpijfhaav fg jkyg|~fiz afoi
Ck~kjjk }f|d h pkpyah|fkg |dh| dhz jakzi |k =0
pi~jig| faaf|i~hjv ~h|i' ^hfzfgm h}h~igizz hckgm
Ck~kjjhg }kcig }hz! hgl z|faa ~ichfgz! hjkgzfli~hnai jdhaaigmi' \di fcpilfcig|z |k
cihgfgmya migli~ ~ip~izig|h|fkg h~i lfzakjh|il
gk| kgav fg |di pkaf|fjha ~ihaf|fiz k |di ~imfkg
ny| hazk fg |di ijkgkcfj! jya|y~ha! hgl ~iafmfkyz
lkmchz'
F }kyal gk} afoi |k ~iufi} |di zyjjizziz hz
|di ~imfkg dhz hazk }f|gizzil zkci zfmgffjhg|
mhfgz' \di ~ik~c k |di Cylh}}hgh fg
Ck~kjjk fz kgi k |di ik~|z }i dfmdafmd| hgl
hppahyl hz h jkgzfli~hnai ufj|k~v' ]dh| }i jhg
aih~g k~ |hoi h}hv ~kc |di Ck~kjjhg jhzi fz
h ni||i~ ygli~z|hglfgm k dk} |dkzi ~ik~cz
}i~i ighj|il' Fg |dfz fgz|hgji! kgi cyz| akko h|
|di ~kai k fg|i~gh|fkgha p~izzy~i! h jkccf||il
ckgh~jdv! |di n~fgmfgm kg nkh~l k |di
~iafmfkyz iz|hnafzdcig|! hgl hazk hj|fui }kcigz
ph~|fjfph|fkg fg hlukjh|fgm hgl p~kck|fgm hgl
lichglfgm ~ik~cz fg |di Cylh}}hgh' Nik~i
|di phzzhmi k zynz|hg|fha ~ik~cz! }kcigz
hjjizz |k pynafj afi }hz hij|il nv |di p~hj|fji
k myh~lfhgzdfp' ]kcig giilil |di hpp~kuha
k |dif~ chai aimha myh~lfhgz nik~i |div jkyal
aimhaav }k~o! |~huia! k~ h||igl ygfui~zf|v' \diCylh}}hghah}z hazk zyppk~|il |di fgz|f|y|fkg
k pkavmhcv! hgl }kcig dhl ui~v i} ~fmd|z
|k fgf|fh|i lfuk~ji' \di k~ha lfuk~ji ~ichfgil
jkcckg hgl h chbk~ |d~ih| |k }kcigz
hluhgjicig|'
Fg >00:#>00
}i~i m~hg|il kgi k |di ckz| migi~kyz ~ik~c
phjohmiz fg |di H~hn }k~al' ]fuiz ly|v |k kniv
|dif~ dyznhglz }hz hnkafzdil! hgl nk|d zpkyziz
}i~i chli ~izpkgzfnai k~ |dif~ dkyzidkalz hgl
hcfafiz' Zijkgl! }kcig gk akgmi~ ~ixyf~il |di
pi~cfzzfkg k h chai aimha myh~lfhg |k ch~~v'
\di cfgfcyc ch~~fhmi hmi }hz ~hfzil |k 84!
hgl pkavmhcv }hz zynz|hg|fhaav ~iz|~fj|il' Hgl!
|df~l! lfuk~ji }hz chli ihzfi~ k~ }kcig!
}dfai cig jkyal gk akgmi~ lfuk~ji |d~kymd
|di p~kgygjfh|fkg k |hahx! |di Fzahcfj |i~c
k~ lfuk~ji nv ~ipylfh|fkg! z|~fj|av h chai
p~i~kmh|fui' \dizi mhfgz k~ }kcig dhui niig
it|~hk~lfgh~fav uhayhnai hgl h~i ziig hz zkcik |di ckz| afni~ha ~ik~cz k~ }kcig fg |di
~imfkg hgl hz h cklia |k icyah|i iazi}di~i'
Dk}iui~! Ck~kjjk hazk zi~uiz hz h
jaih~ ithcpai k h jkyg|~v |dh| ahjoz |di
gijizzh~v aiuiaz k lickj~hjv! ~yai k ah}!
fgz|f|y|fkghafrh|fkg! hgl dychg liuiakpcig|
|k iij|fuiav fcpaicig| |dizi ~ik~cz' Ek~
Fg |dfz lfzjyzzfkg k |di pi~zkgha z|h|yz ~imfci
fg |di H~hn }k~al! F zdhaa akko h| }kcigz
~ip~izig|h|fkg! ~ik~c! hgl pkzzfnfaf|fiz k
~ik~c! fg hllf|fkg |k hghavrfgm |di hj|k~z |dh|
chv k~ jkg|fgyi |k fgdfnf| |di hluhgjicig|
k }kcig' \k nimfg }f|d! F }faa mfui h n~khl
kui~ufi} k |di z|h|yz k }kcig fg |di H~hn
~imfkg' ]dig }i akko h| |di z|h|yz k }kcig fg
|di H~hn }k~al! |di~i h~i zi~fkyz p~knaicz hgl
hazk zkci hluhgjicig|' Ef~z| F zdhaa dfmdafmd|
|di jy~~ig| p~knaicz fg |di ~imfkg hgl |dig
akko h| |di hluhgjicig|z'
]kcig fg |di H~hn }k~al |klhv igbkv
|di zchaaiz| zdh~i k ph~afhcig|h~v zih|z
}k~al}fli' \div kjjypv kgav 6'9 pi~jig| k haa
ph~afhcig|h~v zih|z hz jkcph~il |k 84'4 pi~jig|
fg Zyn#Zhdh~hg H~fjh hgl 84'9 pi~jig| fg Hzfh'
]kcig kjjypv ky~ k 8>4 zih|z fg Ainhgkg!
ziuig k 880 zih|z k |di ak}i~ dkyzi fg Bk~lhg!
ifmd| k 008 |dh| ichai icpakviiz itjiilil chai
icpakviiz fg ck~i |dhg >9 ili~ha fgz|f|y|fkgz'
Fg |k|ha! |di~i }i~i 85!>>: }k~oi~z }dk }i~i
}kcig hgl kgav 6!984 icpakviiz }dk }i~i
cig'
\dizi hluhgjicig|z h~i gk|i}k~|dv ny|
gk|fjihnai lifjfigjfiz z|faa akkc ah~mi' \di
afcf|il p~izigji k }kcig fg ph~afhcig|
dhz ~hfzil jkgji~gz hckgm knzi~ui~z hgl
pkafjvchoi~z hafoi' Imvp|z Hc~ Ckyzzh! |di
Zij~i|h~v#Migi~ha k |di H~hn Aihmyi! k~
ithcpai! dhz zymmiz|il |dh| }kcigz z|h|yz fg
|di H~hn }k~al }faa fcp~kui kgav }dig |div
dkal p~kcfgig| lijfzfkg#chofgm pkzf|fkgz' Fg
Ck~kjjk! }kcigz ph~afhcig|h~v ph~|fjfph|fkg
dhz|igil |di hlkp|fkg k |di Ehcfav Jkli k
>00
\d~kymdky| |di ~imfkg! H~hn }kcig hj|fui
fg pkaf|fjha afi h~i gk| jkg|ig| }f|d |di z|h|yz
xyk' Dk}iui~! ckz| }kcig lk gk| zii |di
k~cha aimfzah|fui p~kjizz hz h ufhnai uidfjai |k
fcp~kui |dif~ jkglf|fkg' Zft|v#ifmd| pi~jig| k
}kcig cicni~z k ph~afhcig| h~i lfzzh|fzfil
}f|d |di jy~~ig| aiuia k }kcigz pkaf|fjha
ph~|fjfph|fkg! hgl 40 pi~jig| k }kcig hj|fui
fg pynafj afi jahfc |dh| |div jkyal hjjkcpafzd
|dif~ mkhaz }f|dky| dhufgm |k ph~|fjfph|i fg |di
k~cha pkaf|fjha p~kjizz'
Ziui~ha pkaf|fjha! ch|i~fha! hgl jya|y~ha
jkglf|fkgz jkg|fgyi |k z|fai }kcigz ~fmd|z fg
|di ~imfkg' Ek~ fgz|hgji! pkaf|fjha ph~|fiz ~ichfg
}iho hgl fgiij|yha! |di~inv ~ilyjfgm |dif~
fcphj| kg pkafjv' \di ~yai k ah}! |kk! ~ichfgz
}iho fg |di H~hn }k~al! hgl |dkymd zkci
ah}z myh~hg|iifgm }kcigz ph~|fjfph|fkg fg |di
pynafj zpdi~i itfz|! |div giil |k ni igk~jil |k
>4
Hchgiv Bhcha
P~keizzk~! Liph~|cig| ke Pkaf|fjz! P~fgji|kg Ygfui~zf|v
Hghavrfgm ^iek~c Zyjjizziz hglEhfay~iz2 \di Pi~zkgha Z|h|yz ^imfcifg |di H~hn ]k~al
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8/2/2019 Islamic Feminism and Beyond the New Frontier
16/17
LLAI IHZ\ P^KM^HC KJJHZFKGHA PHPI^ ZI^FIZ EHAA >080
}f|d h ck~i Fzahcfjhaav jk~~ij| ah}' \dyz!
Ck~kjjk fz hg fcpk~|hg| jhzi |k hghavri fg
|i~cz k fg|i~p~i|fgm dk} lickj~h|fj kpigfgmz
haak}il k~ |dizi zkjfi|ha liafni~h|fkgz hgl |k
ygli~z|hgl dk} |di ~iafmfkyz iz|hnafzdcig| }hz
l~hmmil kg nkh~l |di ~ik~c p~kbij|'
Pi~zkgha z|h|yz ah}z h~i nv h~ |di nfmmiz|
jdhaaigmi |k }kcigz hluhgjicig| fg |di
~imfkg' \di p~knaic fz |}k#kal' Kg |di kgi
dhgl! |di ~iafmfkyzav#nhjoil pi~zkgha z|h|yz
jkliz k~ hcfav ah} pi~zkgha z|h|yz zvz|ic
ygli~jy|z zyppaicig| zijyah~ ah}z |dh| |~ih|
}kcig hz zynbij|z k |dif~ chai ~iah|fuiz' \dfz
p~kck|iz ph|~fh~jdha z|~yj|y~iz |dh| }kcig
dhui nijkci ~iafhg| kg hgl digji ypdkal |di
ui~v fgz|f|y|fkgz |dh| jkg|fgyi |k ligv |dic
ixyha kk|fgm' Zkci fcp~kuicig|z! fgjaylfgm
|dkzi |k |di ~yai k ah}! mkkl mkui~ghgji!
hgl |di itphgzfkg k lickj~hjv cfmd| aihl
|k h ni||i~ zf|yh|fkg k~ }kcig' ]f|dfg |di
jkg|it| k |di H~hn }k~al! p~kck|fgm mkkl
mkui~gcig|! ni||i~ ~yai k ah}! hgl ni||i~
itphgzfkg k lickj~hjv cfmd| ighnai h ni||i~
fcpaicig|h|fkg k |di itfz|fgm |di ~iafmfkyzav#
nhjoil pi~zkgha z|h|yz ~imfci! k~ }dh| F jhaa |di
zdh~fhd~imfci'
\di pi~zkgha z|h|yz ah}z |dicziauiz giil
|k ni ~ik~cyah|il fg }hvz |dh| haak} k~ |di
jkcph|fnfaf|v k Fzahc }f|d |di p~fgjfpaiz k
ixyhaf|v ni|}iig cig hgl }kcig' \di lkgk~
jkccygf|v fg |di ]iz| fz h| hg kui~}diacfgm
lfzhluhg|hmi fg lihafgm }f|d |dizi ch||i~z'
\dizi fzzyiz h~i jkgzfli~il |k ni Fzahcfj!
lkciz|fj! fglfmigkyz! hgl |di~ik~i p~k|ij|il
~kc k~ifmg fg|i~uig|fkg' Hz zyjd! pi~zkghaz|h|yz ah}z giil |k ni liha| }f|d kg |di aiuia
k |di akmfj |dh| l~fuiz |dif~ aimf|fchjv }f|dfg
zkjfi|fiz' Nijhyzi itfz|fgm jkgzi~uh|fui Fzahcfj
fg|i~p~i|h|fkgz fgzpf~i |di itfz|fgm pi~zkgha
z|h|yz ah}z! |di nhzfz k ~ik~ch|fkg zdkyal hazk
ni akjh|il fg Fzahcfj p~hj|fji! by~fzp~yligji!
hgl ~h|fkghai' \di jkg|fgyil ~iaimh|fkg k
Fzahcfj fg|i~p~i|h|fkg |k jkgzi~uh|fui zij|k~z k
H~hn hgl Cyzafc zkjfi|fiz dhz hgl jkg|fgyiz |k
zi~fkyzav lfzhluhg|hmi }kcig'
]f|dky| h jkgz|~yj|fui hgl cihgfgmya }hv
|k hll~izz |di fzzyi k Fzahc hgl by~fzp~yligji!
|di z|h|yz k H~hn }kcig }faa jkg|fgyi |k ahm
nidfgl |di ~fmd|z k }kcig iazi}di~i fg |di
}k~al' \di itfz|fgm zf|yh|fkg fg H~hn zkjfi|fiz!
fg }dfjd Fzahcfj by~fzp~yligji ~ifgk~jiz |di
fgi~fk~f|v k }kcig! fz fg lf~ij| kppkzf|fkg
|k |di i|dkz k |di Xy~hg! }dfjd ~ijkmgfriz
|di ixyhaf|v k |di migli~z fg ziui~ha ui~ziz'
Fg|i~p~i|h|fkgz |dh| k~c |di kyglh|fkg k
pi~zkgha z|h|yz ah}z jkg|fgyi |k ~iav kg |di
ckz| jkgzi~uh|fui hgl lfzpy|il hjjkyg|z k
ichai |~ih|cig| fg |di |~hlf|fkg k dhlf|d!
k~ |di p~kpdi|fj zhvfgmz' Ck~ikui~! Fzahcfj
by~fz|z |igl |k m~huf|h|i |k}h~lz |di Fzahcfjhaav
p~fril i|dkz k zkjfha jkdizfkg hgl dh~ckgv
hgl jkg|fgyi |k ~ifgk~ji |di zynbymh|fkg k
}kcig hgl ~ihf~c ph|~fh~jdv hz h cihgz |k
chfg|hfgfgm dh~ckgv! dk}iui~ lfzhluhg|hmikyz
f| cfmd| ni |k }kcig'
Itfz|fgm pi~zkgha z|h|yz ah}z jahfc |k p~k|ij|
}kcig! hgl ha|dkymd |di~i h~i fgliil chgv
p~k|ij|fkgz k~ }kcig fg |di pi~zkgha z|h|yz
ah}z! |di~i hazk ~ichfg lfzj~fcfgh|k~v pkafjfiz
|dh| jkg|fgyi |k ligv }kcig |dif~ nhzfj dychg
~fmd|z' \dizi lfzicpk}i~fgm pi~zkgha z|h|yz
k~cyah|fkgz h~i zpijfhaav akjh|il fg ah}z |dh|
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}kcig'
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|di aimha zvz|ic ~h|di~ lvzygj|fkgha' ]f|d
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pkui~|v k Ck~kjjhg cig hgl }kcig chv
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fxd#nhjoil hcfav ah} fg |di ~imfkg hgl fgliil
fg |di Cyzafc }k~al'
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ny| iaa zdk~| k }kcigz itpij|h|fkgz' \di
pyzd k~ ~ik~c jkg|fgyil! hgl fg 8669 |di
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dhui |dif~ myh~lfhgz zfmgh|y~i |k kn|hfg h
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lichgl hllf|fkgha ~ik~cz' Ofgm Cydhcchl
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pkpyah~ kppkzf|fkg |k Fzahcfz| ckuicig|z' Hzpkaf|fjha afni~hafrh|fkg fg |di ofgmlkc haak}il
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|di ckz| ph~| m~k}g ck~i hj|fui fg pkaf|fjha
hgl zkjfha afi ly~fgm afni~hafrh|fkg! kpigav
jhcphfmgil hmhfgz| |di p~kpkzil jdhgmiz fg
|di Cylh}}hgh' \di Ck~kjjhg Aihmyi k
Yahch! hg kfjfha z|h|i nklv! lijah~il |dh| |di
pahg }kyal ygli~cfgi Fzahcfj by~fzp~yligji!
akkzig ck~haz fg |di ofgmlkc! liz|~kv |di
zhgj|f|v k ch~~fhmi! hgl choi f| ck~i lffjya|
k~ cig |k ch~~v! h pkzf|fkg zyppk~|il nv |di
Cfgfz|~v k Fzahcfj Hhf~z' Nk|d Fzahcfz| m~kypz
fg Ck~kjjk! |di Byz|fji hgl Liuiakpcig|
Ph~|v $PBL& hgl |di Byz|fji hgl Jdh~f|v Ph~|v!
h||hjoil |di ~ik~c phjohmi hz hg Hci~fjhg
fcpi~fhafz| jkgzpf~hjv lizfmgil |k liz|~kv
Fzahcfj jya|y~i'
Giui~|diaizz! |di Ofgm p~izzil |di ~ik~cz'
Di dhl zfmghail dfz zvcph|dv k~ fcp~kufgm
}kcigz pkzf|fkg fg 8666 fg h zpiijd }dig di
hzoil! Dk} jhg }i itpij| |k hjdfiui p~km~izz
hgl p~kzpi~f|v }dig }kcig! }d