Download - Jammu & kashmir militancy
JAMMU & KASHMIR MILITANCY
AKSHAY S
KRISHNA
VNIT NAGPUR
HISTORY• Had 77% muslim population,still the ruler was Maharaja Hari singh
• On 22 October 1947, locals and tribesmen backed by Pakistan invaded Kashmir
• The maharaja appealed for assistance to the governor-general Louis Mountbatten, who agreed
on the condition that the ruler accede to India
• Once the instrument of accession was signed, Indian soldiers entered Kashmir with orders to
evict the raiders
• The UN resolution asked both India and Pakistan to vacate the areas they had occupied and
hold a referendum under UN observation
• The holding of this plebiscite was dismissed by India because the 1952 elected constituent
assembly of J&K voted in favour of confirming the Kashmir region's accession to India
RELIGIONS & REGIONS
RELIGIONS & REGIONS• A state known for pluralism and a culturally diverse society
• Jammu province was dominated by Hindus
• north of Jammu-the Kashmir valley was dominated by Sunni Muslims with
Hindu Pandits
• substantial Sikh presence too was there
• Buddhist predominance in Ladakh area with a slight presence of Shia
Muslims
• Gilgit&Baltistan were thinly populated mostly with Shia Muslims
PROXY WAR BY ISI
• Tactics of Pakistan as they
could not win over India in a full
scale direct war
• They have named it ‘JIHAD’ on
political/religious grounds
PROXY WAR…
• In 1987,a disputed state
election acted as a catalyst for
the insurgency
• During 1990s this
INSURGENCY started
escalating
PROXY WAR…
• Hizbul Mujahideen,Lashkar-e-
Taiba,Jaish-e-Mohammed ,Al-
Badar ,Harkat-ul-Ansar etc
infiltrated through the line of
control
• ISI actively supported all these
groups
PROXY WAR…• Mujahidden insurgency at first
used J&K Liberation Front as
the main vehicle
• JKLF demanded
independence of kashmir
DIFFERENCE …
• Since 1995,one fraction of JKLF
under Yasin Malik renounced
the use of violence
STRATEGY CHANGE
• Crowd mobilisation to defame
Indian security forces and to
internationalise the issue
• Execution of Afsal guru increased
stone pelting dimensions
MODUS OPERANDI…
• Campaigns to mar India's image in media
• Keep Indian forces constantly engaged
• Attack secular foundations of the state
and Paint India as persecutor of Muslims
• To turn low intensity riots to the
Independence War gradually
INDIA’S RESPONSE• Project UMEED for women empowerment
• Project HIMAYAT for capacity building and employment
• BHARAT DARSHAN programs to connect people of J&K with FELLOW
INDIANS
• Project UDAAN for skill development of youth
• Billions of Rupee spend via various economic & infrastructure plans
• Article 370 & discussions
ARTICLE 370
Article 370 of the Indian constitution is
a law that grants special autonomous
status to Jammu and Kashmir.
The article is drafted in part XXI of the
constitution, which relates to temporary,
transitional and special provisions.
KASHMIR IS OUR LAND
&
KASHMIRIS ARE OUR PEOPLE