-
Japan’s Gas Market Security
Gas Market Office,Electricity and Gas Industry Department,Ministry of Economy, Trade and Industry
-
The Japan Gas Association
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20
25
30
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40
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40
'70 '75 '80 '85 '90 '95 '00 '05 '10 '15
[billion m3] [million]
Sales Volume:37.7 billion m³ (FY2016)Customers:30.24 million (FY2016) (right axis)
Residential
Commercial
Industrial
■Breakdown of city gas salesvolume by utilities (FY2016)
37.7Billion ㎥
Tokyo Gas37.7%
Osaka Gas23.3%
Toho Gas10.4%
Saibu Gas2.3%
Source: The Japan Gas Association、“Gas business handbook” (2016) / “Result of city gas sales volume” (2016)
City Gas Sales Volume and Number of Customers
19%
25%
56%
2
Graph1
Tokyo Gas
Osaka Gas
Toho Gas
Saibu Gas
Others
14226597
8786270
3940376
850120
9897648
Sheet1
Tokyo GasOsaka GasToho GasSaibu GasOthers
14,226,5978,786,2703,940,376850,1209,897,648
Graph1
'70'70'70'70
'71'71'71'71
'72'72'72'72
'73'73'73'73
'74'74'74'74
'75'75'75'75
'76'76'76'76
'77'77'77'77
'78'78'78'78
'79'79'79'79
'80'80'80'80
'81'81'81'81
'82'82'82'82
'83'83'83'83
'84'84'84'84
'85'85'85'85
'86'86'86'86
'87'87'87'87
'88'88'88'88
'89'89'89'89
'90'90'90'90
'91'91'91'91
'92'92'92'92
'93'93'93'93
'94'94'94'94
'95'95'95'95
'96'96'96'96
'97'97'97'97
'98'98'98'98
'99'99'99'99
'00'00'00'00
'01'01'01'01
'02'02'02'02
'03'03'03'03
'04'04'04'04
'05'05'05'05
'06'06'06'06
'07'07'07'07
'08'08'08'08
'09'09'09'09
'10'10'10'10
'11'11'11'11
'12'12'12'12
'13'13'13'13
'14'14'14'14
'15'15'15'15
9406733820957'16
家庭用
商業用
工業用
需要家数
2849.9785955734
1115.5533020389
481.0125058229
10371
3167.3733949666
1180.1566870916
499.3689994147
11121
3472.2235042582
1252.4119874345
533.3351011096
11892
3836.0908971465
1370.6981044183
632.4312896406
12687
4232.6589027843
1502.2036764969
808.9189092342
13414
4478.1406098828
1639.1743051325
868.6440916855
13932
4836.7772004634
1771.1565795917
966.8783937125
14505
4963.3811110713
1851.2838833745
964.7410088269
15045
5170.6691988868
1984.3047980793
908.2081914932
15649
5267.2506061801
2022.9392864395
957.3285077818
16250
5600.7744054658
2138.7552943706
1401.7204046774
16766
5817.8407090216
2300.21860704
1584.9397881057
17149
5820.0451977401
2318.2523142342
1634.3520980399
17541
6074.7536938164
2487.8123051564
1725.8004084997
17943
6606.5262956725
2774.240489244
2002.8061059949
18362
6570.684296652
2783.231112863
2280.0919960344
18794
7012.6643972241
2962.2352814706
2385.9141911826
19268
6979.8794089894
3033.3813977377
2599.4297965863
19781
7555.7834951804
3244.7701054694
2885.9140000717
20390
7633.8338529162
3288.6829827642
3317.7132619056
20952
7644.8845570407
3529.264843946
3838.7850360125
21508
8073.8156257092
3750.499587917
4610.7143966269
22003
8457.9906116745
3839.3097789085
5143.8042068298
22437
8806.1043465797
4019.4914059794
5755.0575124521
22889
8474.9763619641
4490.3617252541
6295.2654411677
23311
8781.0206519272
4662.7529771503
6792.8856081509
23767
9226.5636817525
5014.202028165
7358.9093297978
24294
8991.8590317841
5133.7262813392
7945.7001469165
24816
9004.492301812
5458.5570645358
8159.7574563132
25239
9174.1527693171
5688.4407257438
8633.9077172991
25614
9378.3055625231
6071.7786696289
9276.1434765471
25996
9473.2380167461
6343.3210544547
9603.8440534633
26369
9448.1360709977
6506.8953786983
10560.6722805509
26738
9772.8159482089
6863.9459394895
11775.6983074736
27108
9362.2653097789
7287.7577190908
12992.2858303174
27444
9750.2836564303
7606.6320516955
14296.0679877211
27762
10067.8045890517
7730.3755569093
16135.3844077352
28082
9611.6442230743
7870
17736.8439459634
28377
9646
7612
17246
28599
9629
7502
16707
28774
9788
7862
17625
28902
9794
7446
18671
29041
9798
7497
19026
29230
9553
7509
19630
29458
9581
7263
20253
29732
9241
7106
20113
29980
30245
Sheet1
都市ガス販売量・需要家件数 トシハンバイリョウジュヨウカケンスウ
百万m3 ヒャクマン百万m3 ヒャクマン
ガス販売量m3換算値-百万m3/41.8605MJ カンサンチヒャクマンm3換算値-百万m3/41.8605MJ カンサンチヒャクマン
年家庭用商業用工業用その他用計家庭用商業用工業用その他用計家庭用商業用工業用計
大正 タイショウ元 ゲン年度 ネンド191249,37937,03424,69012,345123,4481912181394441813944
2年度 ネンド191357,27542,95628,63714,319143,187191321151055221151052
3年度 ネンド191460,38145,28630,19115,095150,953191422161155422161154
4年度 ネンド191561,56046,17030,78015,390153,901191522171165522171155
5年度 ネンド191679,92359,94239,96119,981199,807191629221477229221472
6年度 ネンド191791,79868,84845,89922,949229,494191733251788333251783
7年度 ネンド1918104,54578,40952,27226,136261,362191838281999438281994
8年度 ネンド1919110,08182,56155,04127,520275,2031919403020109940302099
9年度 ネンド1920117,81488,36058,90729,453294,534家庭用商業用工業用その他用計家庭用商業用工業用計需要家数 ジュヨウカスウ
10年度 ネンド1921122,58491,93861,29230,646306,4591920423221111061920424221106
11年度 ネンド1922138,900104,17569,45034,725347,2491921443322111101921444422110
12年度 ネンド1923130,60297,95265,30132,651326,5061922503825131251922505025125
13年度 ネンド1924141,176105,88270,58835,294352,9401923473524121181923474724118
14年度 ネンド1925163,368122,52681,68440,842408,4191924513825131271924515125127
昭和 ショウワ元 ゲン年度 ネンド1926610,463457,847305,231152,6161,526,1571925594429151471925595929147
2年度 ネンド1927700,720525,540350,360175,1801,751,8001926220165110555491926220220110549
3年度 ネンド1928833,031624,773416,516208,2582,082,5781927252189126636311927252252126631
4年度 ネンド1929943,526707,645471,763235,8822,358,8151928300225150757501928300300150750
5年度 ネンド1930996,590747,442498,295249,1472,491,4741929340255170858491929340340170849
6年度 ネンド19311,051,454788,590525,727262,8632,628,6341930359269179908971930359359179897
7年度 ネンド19321,120,432840,324560,216280,1082,801,0801931379284189959461931379379189946
8年度 ネンド19331,142,079856,559571,040285,5202,855,19819324033032021011,00819324034032021,008
9年度 ネンド19341,273,932955,449636,966318,4833,184,83019334113082061031,02819334114112061,028
10年度 ネンド19351,309,190981,893654,595327,2983,272,97619344593442291151,14719344594592291,147
11年度 ネンド19361,344,2691,008,202672,134336,0673,360,67219354713532361181,17819354714712361,178
12年度 ネンド19371,410,7761,058,082705,388352,6943,526,94119364843632421211,21019364844842421,210
13年度 ネンド19381,634,1701,225,627817,085408,5424,085,42419375083812541271,27019375085082541,270
14年度 ネンド19391,851,0911,388,318925,546462,7734,627,72819385884412941471,47119385885882941,471
15年度 ネンド19401,917,0141,437,761958,507479,2544,792,53619396665003331671,66619396666663331,666
16年度 ネンド19412,229,8981,672,4231,114,949557,4745,574,74419406905183451731,72519406906903451,725
17年度 ネンド19422,219,7171,664,7881,109,858554,9295,549,29219418036024012012,00719418038034012,007
18年度 ネンド19432,117,6871,588,2651,058,844529,4225,294,21819427995994002001,99819427997994001,998
19年度 ネンド19441,789,8251,342,369894,912447,4564,474,56219437625723811911,90619437627623811,906
20年度 ネンド1945369,840277,380184,92092,460924,59919446444833221611,61119446446443221,611
21年度 ネンド1946321,726241,295160,86380,432804,31619451331006733333194513313367333
22年 トシ1947515,192386,394257,596128,7981,287,9811946116875829290194611611658290
23年 トシ1948792,737594,553396,368198,1841,981,8421947523926131291947525226129
24年 トシ19491,059,564794,673529,782264,8912,648,9091948795940201981948797940198
25年 トシ19501,386,8411,040,131693,421346,7103,467,1031949106795326265194910610653265
26年 トシ19511,800,2761,350,207900,138450,0694,500,69019501391046935347195013913969347
27年 トシ19522,191,6341,643,7251,095,817547,9085,479,08419511801359045450195118018090450
28年 トシ19532,553,5041,915,1281,276,752638,3766,383,7591952219164110555481952219219110548
29年 トシ19542,953,4592,215,0941,476,730738,3657,383,6481953255192128646381953255255128638
30年 トシ19553,278,8042,459,1031,639,402819,7018,197,0091954295222148747381954295295148738
31年 トシ19563,755,0902,816,3171,877,545938,7729,387,7241955328246164828201955328328164820
32年 トシ19574,362,8203,272,1152,181,4101,090,70510,907,0501956376282188949391956376376188939
33年 トシ19584,730,6383,547,9782,365,3191,182,65911,826,59419574363272181091,09119574364362181,091
34年 トシ19595,227,6043,920,7032,613,8021,306,90113,069,01119584733552371181,18319584734732371,183
35年 トシ19605,945,0324,458,7742,972,5161,486,25814,862,58119595233922611311,30719595235232611,307
昭和36年 トシ196137,721,61015,779,35311,913,6534,418,33869,832,95419605954462971491,48619605955952971,486
37年 トシ196242,739,65417,442,45012,581,0814,970,73377,733,91919619013772851061,66819619014822851,668
38年 トシ196349,253,38219,342,80813,020,6255,472,95987,089,77419621,0214173011191,85719621,0215353011,857
39年 トシ196454,071,73120,951,44413,510,5355,897,82294,431,53219631,1774623111312,08019631,1775933112,080
40年 トシ196563,553,93823,138,53814,032,1546,768,571107,493,20119641,2925013231412,25619641,2926413232,256
41年 トシ196670,915,72225,004,99314,825,9437,342,344118,089,00219651,5185533351622,56819651,5187143352,568
42年 トシ196780,755,67827,060,18916,236,9728,083,225132,136,06319661,6945973541752,82119661,6947733542,821
43年 トシ196892,326,76929,431,79517,965,1288,875,510148,599,20319671,9296463881933,15719671,9298403883,157
44年 トシ1969102,311,03931,933,01018,507,6999,470,226162,221,97519682,2067034292123,55019682,2069154293,550
45年 トシ1970119,301,52935,873,21820,135,42410,824,401186,134,57219692,4447634422263,87519692,4449894423,875
46年 トシ1971132,587,83438,210,46520,903,83611,191,484202,893,62019702,8508574812594,447'702,8501,1164814,44710,371
47年 トシ1972145,349,01240,783,33322,325,67411,643,259220,101,27819713,1679134992674,847'713,1671,1804994,84711,121
48年 トシ1973160,580,68344,633,25626,473,89012,744,852244,432,68119723,4729745332785,258'723,4721,2525335,25811,892
49年 トシ1974177,181,21848,364,78433,861,75014,518,213273,925,96519733,8361,0666323045,839'733,8361,3716325,83912,687
50年 トシ1975187,457,20552,171,48636,361,87616,445,170292,435,73719744,2331,1558093476,544'744,2331,5028096,54413,414
51年 トシ1976202,469,91256,043,55740,474,01318,097,943317,085,42619754,4781,2468693936,986'754,4781,6398696,98613,932
52年 トシ1977207,769,61558,440,10040,384,54119,055,569325,649,82519764,8371,3399674327,575'764,8371,7719677,57514,505
53年 トシ1978216,446,79861,953,25138,018,04921,110,740337,528,83819774,9631,3969654557,779'774,9631,8519657,77915,045
54年 トシ1979220,489,74463,590,27740,074,25021,090,973345,245,24419785,1711,4809085048,063'785,1711,9849088,06315,649
55年 トシ1980234,451,21766,709,57558,676,71722,819,791382,657,30019795,2671,5199575048,248'795,2672,0239578,24816,250
56年 トシ1981243,537,72170,582,78166,346,37225,705,520406,172,39419805,6011,5941,4025459,141'805,6012,1391,4029,14116,766
57年 トシ1982243,630,00271,156,07368,414,79625,887,128409,087,99919815,8181,6861,5856149,703'815,8182,3001,5859,70317,149
58年 トシ1983254,292,22775,787,08372,242,86828,353,984430,676,16219825,8201,7001,6346189,773'825,8202,3181,6349,77317,541
59年 トシ1984276,552,49483,695,29383,838,46532,435,801476,522,05319836,0751,8101,72667710,288'836,0752,4881,72610,28817,943
60年 トシ1985275,052,13084,069,08795,445,79132,438,359487,005,36719846,6071,9992,00377511,384'846,6072,7742,00311,38418,362
61年 トシ1986293,553,63889,426,77099,875,56134,573,880517,429,85019856,5712,0082,28077511,634'856,5712,7832,28011,63418,794
62年 トシ1987292,181,24291,880,976108,813,43135,097,886527,973,53519867,0132,1362,38682612,361'867,0132,9622,38612,36119,268
63年 トシ1988316,288,87597,679,832120,805,80338,147,867572,922,37719876,9802,1952,59983812,613'876,9803,0332,59912,61319,781
平成元年 トシ1989319,556,10299,248,405138,881,13638,417,509596,103,15219887,5562,3332,88691113,686'887,5563,2452,88613,68620,390
2年 トシ1990320,018,690105,733,121160,693,46142,003,670628,448,94219897,6342,3713,31891814,240'897,6343,2893,31814,24020,952
3年 トシ1991337,973,959112,337,481193,006,81044,660,307687,978,55719907,6452,5263,8391,00315,013'907,6453,5293,83915,01321,508
4年 トシ1992354,055,716115,090,620215,322,21645,624,807730,093,35919918,0742,6844,6111,06716,435'918,0743,7504,61116,43522,003
5年 トシ1993368,627,931120,362,582240,909,58547,895,338777,795,43819928,4582,7495,1441,09017,441'928,4583,8395,14417,44122,437
6年 トシ1994354,766,748132,398,966263,522,95955,569,821806,258,49519938,8062,8755,7551,14418,581'938,8064,0195,75518,58122,889
7年 トシ1995367,577,915136,916,263284,353,58858,268,908847,116,67419948,4753,1636,2951,32819,261'948,4754,4906,29519,26123,311
8年 トシ1996386,228,569145,718,991308,047,62464,178,013904,173,19619958,7813,2716,7931,39220,237'958,7814,6636,79320,23723,767
9年 トシ1997376,403,715148,755,783332,610,98166,144,566923,915,04519969,2273,4817,3591,53321,600'969,2275,0147,35921,60024,294
10年 トシ1998376,932,550156,119,821341,571,52772,378,107947,002,00519978,9923,5547,9461,58022,071'978,9925,1347,94622,07124,816
11年 トシ1999384,034,622159,650,203361,419,69478,470,770983,575,28919989,0043,7308,1601,72922,623'989,0045,4598,16022,62325,239
12年 トシ2000392,580,560167,504,889388,304,00486,662,8021,035,052,25519999,1743,8148,6341,87523,497'999,1745,6888,63423,49725,614
13年 トシ2001396,554,480173,554,766402,021,71491,979,8251,064,110,78520009,3784,0029,2762,07024,726'009,3786,0729,27624,72625,996
14年 トシ2002395,503,700176,593,058442,075,02295,788,8361,109,960,61620019,4734,1469,6042,19725,420'019,4736,3439,60425,42026,369
15年 トシ2003409,094,962185,233,041492,936,619102,095,1681,189,359,79020029,4484,21910,5612,28826,516'029,4486,50710,56126,51626,738
16年 トシ2004391,909,107194,947,167543,863,581110,122,0151,240,841,87020039,7734,42511,7762,43928,412'039,7736,86411,77628,41227,108
17年 トシ2005408,151,749201,767,089598,440,554116,650,3321,325,009,72420049,3624,65712,9922,63129,642'049,3627,28812,99229,64227,444
18年 トシ2006421,443,334204,384,000675,435,259119,213,3861,420,475,97920059,7504,82014,2962,78731,653'059,7507,60714,29631,65327,762
19年 トシ2007402,348,233202,832,224742,473,156118,322,3441,465,975,957200610,0684,88316,1352,84833,934'0610,0687,73016,13533,93428,082
20079,6124,84517,7372,82735,021'079,6127,87017,73735,02128,377
'089,6467,61217,24634,50528,599
'099,6297,50216,70733,83728,774
16年までの値は、年報値 ネンアタイネンポウアタイ'109,7887,86217,62535,27528902
17年・19年の値は、月報値/年間補正済み ネンネンアタイゲツホウアタイネンカンホセイス'119,7947,44618,67135,91129,041
18年はガス事業便覧データ(補正前) ネンジギョウビンランホセイマエ'129,7987,49719,02636,32329230
'139,5537,50919,63036,69329458
1970'149,5817,26320,25337,09929732
1970'159,2417,10620,11336,46129980
1970'169,4067,33820,95737,70130245
1970
1970
1970
1970
1970
1970
1970
1970
1970
1970
1970
1970
1970
1970
1970
1970
1970
1970
1970
1970
1970
1970
1970
1970
1970
1970
Sheet2
Sheet3
-
3
Retail salesLNG Terminal Pipeline Transport
owner Terminal Tank
Gas 13 48
Electric 9 49
Gas/ElectricCommon
6 67
Others 7 28
計 35 191
Gas field / TankerLiquefaction
Import Company
① Tokyo Electric 28%
② Tokyo Gas 16%
③ Chubu Electric 15%
④ Kansai Electric 10%
⑤ Osaka Gas 9%
⑥ Kyusyu Electric 6%
⑦ Tohoku Electric 5%
Import
70% for power generation
Some are transportedby lorries
unloading/ storage
Length(thousand
km)General Gas Pipeline Service
Providers (203)Sales ratio
137 (53%) Tokyo, Osaka, Toho (3 companies) 65%
29 (11%)Semi-major (Hokkaido, Sendai-shi, Shizuoka, Hiroshima, Saibu, Nihon)(6 companies)
8%
76 (30%) Wholesale by gas pipelines (117 companies) 18%
12 (5%) Wholesale by tanker truck(80 companies) 1%
3 (1%) Others (Electric power company etc.) 8%258(100%) Total 100%
Small sectors36% Large sectors
64%
35 LNG terminals are under operation.
50% of the pipeline network is held by three major companies.
Full liberalization of retail market started in 2017.
The biggest importers are power companies.
Business Structure of Japanese Gas Utilities
As of Oct .2016As of FY2014
3
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Natural Gas - Infrastructure 4 Japan has no cross-border gas pipelines. Japanese gas markets are local,
without a major national gas pipeline network. As most of the domestic gas pipelines are built primarily to connect LNG
receiving terminals on the coast with high-demand areas.
4
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【2mill.m3】
【1mill.m3】
【0.5mill.m3】
User Types
Large Factories
largeHotels
Small Factoriesand Buildings
Small Shopsand Household
1995~ 1999~ 2007~ 2017~
49%53%
64%
51%47%
36%
Gradual Expansion of Gas Retail Market Liberalization
Full Market Liberalization
Around 65% of the gas retail market had been liberalized since 1995. The share of new entrants in large-volume sector is around 13%.
Partial Market Liberalization
2004~
57%
43%
Mid-sizedFactories
【0.1mill.m3】
5
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Full Liberalization of Retail Market including households started in April 2017.
TPA system to LNG terminals was also established at the same time.
Manufacturing(LNG Terminal)
Retail
Distribution (Gas Pipeline Service)
- Gas Retailer (Registration)- Full competition - Transitional Measures
- General Gas Pipeline Service Provider (License)- Regional monopoly , regulated rates and- obligation to provide Last Resort Service
- Gas Manufacturer (Notification)- Third-party access (TPA) system to LNG
terminals
Since April 2017
Full Retail Competition and Third Party Access (TPA) to LNG terminals
6
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METI Disaster Management Headquarters
Request for sending rescue parties
Sending JGA Rescue Parties*Result:22 utilities & 2,676 staff
Support measures:Gas pipe repair, Valve opening & closing, Emergency city gas supply, answering phones etc.
Report & Coopera-tion
JGA Emergency Headquarters
・Request use of mobile gas generator・Request for increasing the numbers for JGA Rescue Party・Order for identifying the essential facilities such as hospitals and deciding supply priorities
Request for cooperation in sending rescue parties
Disaster Management Headquarters of City Gas Utility in Affected Area (Saibu Gas)
Cross-industry measures Power industry ・Increase the number of emergency power generator vehicles
Oil industry・ Priority refueling for emergency
power generator vehicles
Demand for rescue
Emergency Headquarters in Affected Area
Orders for Power & Oil Industry
Orders for City Gas Industry
City Gas Utilities under Each Branches
JGA Branch Offices
City gas supply interruption affecting 100,000 customers was restored in 15 days
Emergency city gas supply
Gas pipe repair Valve opening& closing
Cabinet Office Major Disaster Management Headquarters
Emergency response to Disasters of Earthquake & Flood by METI & City Gas Industry 【Case in Kumamoto Earthquake(April 2016, Maximum Magnitude 7.3)】
7
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Emergency Management Scheme forNatural Gas Supply Disruption
Sufferer
METI : Ministry of Trade, Economy and Industry
Support Party
Support requestfor Natural Gas
(LNG)
Natural Gas (LNG) Trade between victim and support party based on negotiation
<Collecting Information>○Investigation of damage and inventory
of victim ○Surplus trade capability of support parties○Support plan
<Supporting Activity>○Support among city gas industries ○Supporting between other industries(Power)
JGA: The Japan Gas Association
Report and Cooperation
【Emergency Headquarters 】
<Public Relations>○Sharing Information and Cooperation with
Government○Publicity activities (Mass Media)
Support requestfor Natural Gas
(LNG)
8
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Japan’s Gas Market Securityスライド番号 2スライド番号 3スライド番号 4スライド番号 5スライド番号 6Emergency response to Disasters of Earthquake & Flood by METI & City Gas Industry � 【Case in Kumamoto Earthquake(April 2016, Maximum Magnitude 7.3)】Emergency Management Scheme for�Natural Gas Supply Disruption スライド番号 9