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Java 101: Intro to Java Programming
Introduction
• Your Name• Your day job• Your last holiday destination?
Java 101
• Java Fundamentals– Setting up your development environment– Language Overview– How Java Works– Writing your first program– Built-in Data Types– Conditionals and Loops
Java 102
• Object-oriented Programming– Classes and Objects– Polymorphism, Inheritance and Encapsulation– Functions and Libraries
Java 103
• Data Structures– Arrays– Collections– Algorithms
Java 101: Introduction to Java
Setting up your Development Environment
Installing Java Development Kit• Download latest Java SE 8 JDK (not JRE) from
http://www.oracle.com/technetwork/java/javase/downloads/jdk8-downloads-2133151.html
• For Windows, – download the X86 version, double click the .exe file and follow the instructions,
accepting all default• For MACs,
– check if java already installed (javac –version) and if not, download the JDK dmg file, run it and follow the instructions.
• After installation is complete, type javac –version in the Command window (Terminal window on MAC OS)- – The reported version should be 1.8.... – If not, you may need to modify the system variable PATH to include the bin
directory of JDK
What is an IDE?
• IDE = Integrated Development Environment • Makes you more productive • Includes text editor, compiler, debugger, context-
sensitive help, works with different Java SDKs • Eclipse is the most widely used IDE • Alternatives:– IntelliJ IDEA (JetBrains) – NetBeans (Oracle)
Installing Eclipse
• Download and install the latest Eclipse for Java EE (32 Bit version) from http://www.eclipse.org/downloads
• Unzip the content of the archive file you downloaded
• To start Eclipse– On PC, double-click on Eclipse.exe – On Mac, double click Eclipse.app in Application
folder
Hands-on Exercise
Eclipse Setup & Demo
Java 101: Introduction to Java
Language Overview
Java Language Overview
• Object-oriented• Statically typed• Widely available• Widely used
Java Versions • Brief History…
– 1990 : Small team at Sun Microsystems start work on C/C++ replacement
• Major Version Releases– JDK 1.0 (January 21, 1996)– JDK 1.1 (February 19, 1997)– J2SE 1.2 (December 8, 1998)– J2SE 1.3 (May 8, 2000)– J2SE 1.4 (February 6, 2002)– J2SE 5.0 (September 30, 2004)– Java SE 6 (December 11, 2006)– Java SE 7 (July 28, 2011)– Java SE 8 (March 18, 2014)
Java Editions
• Java SE: Java Standard Edition • Java EE: Java Enterprise Edition (a.k.a. J2EE)– includes a set of technologies built on top of Java
SE: Servlets, JSP, JSF, EJB, JMS, et al. • Java ME: Java Micro Edition• Java Card for Smart Cards• All Java programs run inside the Java Virtual
Machine (JVM)
JDK vs. JRE
• Java Development Kit (JDK) is required to develop and compile programs
• Java Runtime Environment (JRE) is required to run programs.
• Users must have JRE installed, • Developers must have the JDK installed• JDK includes the JRE
Java 101: Introduction to Java
How Java Works
How Java Works
Java File Structure
Java 101: Introduction to Java
Writing Your First Program
Hello, World!
Writing Your First Java Program• Create a new project in your IDE named Java101• Create a HelloWorld class in the src folder inside the Java101
project as illustrated below.
Compiling Your First Java Program• Save the HelloWorld class in the IDE• This automatically compiles the HelloWorld.java file
into into a HelloWorld.class file• Go to the folder you created the Java101 project on
your hard disk and open the src folder.• What do you see?
Running Your First Java Program
• Run your program in Eclipse by right-clicking and selecting Run As>Java Application.
Anatomy of a Java ApplicationComments Class Name
Access modifier
Function/static method
Arguments
Language Features
Introduction to Java
Built-in Data Types
Built-in Data Types• Data type are sets of values and operations
defined on those values.
Basic Definitions
• Variable - a name that refers to a value.• Assignment statement - associates a value with a
variable.
String Data Type
Data Type AttributesValues sequence of charactersTypical literals “Hello”, “1 “, “*”Operation ConcatenateOperator +
• Useful for program input and output.
String Data Type
String Data Type• Meaning of characters depends on context.
String Data Type
Expression Value“Hi, “ + “Bob” “Hi, Bob”
“1” + “ 2 “ + “ 1” “ 1 2 1”“1234” + “ + “ + “99” “1234 + 99”
“1234” + “99” “123499”
Hands-on Exercise
Command Line Arguments
Exercise: Command Line Arguments
• Create the Java program below that takes a name as command-line argument and prints “Hi <name>, How are you?”
Integer Data Type
Data Type Attributes
Values Integers between -2E31 to +2E31-1
Typical literals 1234, -99 , 99, 0, 1000000Operation Add subtract multiply divide remainder
Operator + - * / %
• Useful for expressing algorithms.
Integer Data TypeExpression Value Comment
5 + 3 85 – 3 25 * 3 155 / 3 1 no fractional
part5 % 3 2 remainder1 / 0 run-time error
3 * 5 - 2 13 * has precedence
3 + 5 / 2 5 / has precedence
3 – 5 - 2 -4 left associative(3-5) - 2 -4 better style3 – (5-2) 0 unambiguous
Double Data Type
• Useful in scientific applications and floating-point arithmetic
Data Type Attributes
Values Real numbers specified by the IEEE 754 standard
Typical literals 3.14159 6.022e23 -3.0 2.0 1.41421356237209
Operation Add subtract multiply divide
Operator + - * /
Double Data TypeExpression Value
3.141 + 0.03 3.171
3.141 – 0.03 3.111
6.02e23 / 2 3.01e23
5.0 / 2.0 1.6666666666667
10.0 % 3.141 0.577
1.0 / 0.0 Infinity
Math.sqrt(2.0) 1.4142135623730951
Java Math Library
Methods
Math.sin() Math.cos()Math.log() Math.exp()Math.sqrt() Math.pow()
Math.min() Math.max()Math.abs() Math.PI
http://java.sun.com/javase/6/docs/api/java/lang/Math.html
Hands-on Exercise
Integer Operations
Exercise: Integer Operations• Create a Java class named IntOpsin the Java101 project that performs integer
operations on a pair of integers from the command line and prints the results.
Solution: Integer Operations
Boolean Data Type
• Useful to control logic and flow of a program.
Data Type Attributes
Values true or false
Typical literals true false
Operation and or not
Operator && || !
Truth-table of Boolean Operations
a !a a b a && b a || b
true false false false false false
false true false true false true
true false false true
true true true true
Boolean Comparisons
• Take operands of one type and produce an operand of type boolean.
operation meaning true false== equals 2 == 2 2 == 3!= Not equals 3 != 2 2 != 2< Less than 2 < 13 2 < 2
<= Less than or equal
2 <= 2 3 <= 2
> Greater than 13 > 2 2 > 13>= Greater than
or equal3 >= 2 2 >= 3
Type Conversion
• Convert from one type of data to another. • Implicit – no loss of precision– with strings
• Explicit: – cast – method.
Type Conversion Examplesexpression Expression type Expression value“1234” + 99 String “123499”
Integer.parseInt(“123”) int 123(int) 2.71828 int 2
Math.round(2.71828) long 3(int) Math.round(2.71828) int 3(int) Math.round(3.14159) int 3
11 * 0.3 double 3.3(int) 11 * 0.3 double 3.311 * (int) 0.3 int 0
(int) (11 * 0.3) int 3
Hands-on Exercise
Leap Year Finder
Exercise: Leap Year Finder
• A year is a leap year if it is either divisible by 400 or divisible by 4 but not 100.
• Write a java class named LeapYear in the Java101 project that takes a numeric year as command line argument and prints true if it’s a leap year and false if not
Solution: Leap Year Finder
Data Types Summary• A data type is a set of values and operations on those values.
– String for text processing– double, int for mathematical calculation– boolean for decision making
• In Java, you must: – Declare type of values. – Convert between types when necessary
• Why do we need types? – Type conversion must be done at some level. – Compiler can help do it correctly. – Example: in 1996, Ariane 5 rocket exploded after takeoff because of
bad type conversion.
Introduction to Java
Conditionals and Loops
Conditionals and Loops
• Sequence of statements that are actually executed in a program.
• Enable us to choreograph control flow.
Conditionals
• The if statement is a common branching structure. – Evaluate a boolean expression.
• If true, execute some statements. • If false, execute other statements.
If Statement Example
More If Statement Examples
While Loop
• A common repetition structure. – Evaluate a boolean expression. – If true, execute some statements. – Repeat.
For Loop• Another common repetition structure.
– Execute initialization statement. – Evaluate a boolean expression.
• If true, execute some statements. – And then the increment statement. – Repeat.
Anatomy of a For Loop
Loop Examples
For Loop
Hands-on Exercise
Powers of Two
Exercise: Powers of Two• Create a new Java project in Eclipse named Pow2• Write a java class named PowerOfTwo to print powers of 2 that are <= 2N
where N is a number passed as an argument to the program.– Increment i from 0 to N. – Double v each time
Solution: Power of 2
Control Flow Summary• Sequence of statements that are actually executed in a
program. • Conditionals and loops enable us to choreograph the
control flow. Control flow Description Example
Straight line programs
all statements are executed in the order given
Conditionals certain statements are executed depending on the values of certain variables
IfIf-else
Loops certain statements are executed repeatedly until certain conditions are met
while for
do-while
Homework Exercises
Java 101: Introduction to Java
Hands-on Exercise
Random Number Generator
Exercise: Random Number Generator• Write a java class named RandomInt to generate a pseudo-
random number between 0 and N-1 where N is a number passed as an argument to the program
Solution: Random Number Generator
Hands-on Exercise
Array of Days
Exercise: Array of Days
• Create a java class named DayPrinter that prints out names of the days in a week from an array using a for-loop.
Solution: Arrays of Days
public class DayPrinter {public static void main(String[] args) {
//initialize the array with the names of days of the week
String[] daysOfTheWeek =
{"Sunday","Monday","Tuesday","Wednesday",
"Thuesday","Friday”,"Saturday"};
//loop through the array and print their elements to //stdout
for (int i= 0;i < daysOfTheWeek.length;i++ ){System.out.println(daysOfTheWeek[i]);
}}
}
% javac DayPrinter.java
% java DayPrinterSundayMondayTuesdayWednesdayThuesdayFridaySaturday
Hands-on Exercise
Print Personal Details
Exercise: Print Personal Details
• Write a program that will print your name and address to the console, for example:
Alex Johnson23 Main StreetNew York, NY 10001 USA
Hands-on Exercise
Sales Discount
Exercise: Sales Discount• Create a new project in Eclipse named Sale • Create, compile, and run the FriendsAndFamily class as illustrated below • Debug this program in your IDE to find out how it works
Further Reading• Java Tutorials - https://docs.oracle.com/javase/tutorial/ • Java Language Basics -
http://docs.oracle.com/javase/tutorial/java/nutsandbolts/index.html • Eclipse IDE Workbench User Guide - http://help.eclipse.org/kepler/
index.jsp • Eclipse Tutorial - http://www.vogella.com/tutorials/Eclipse/article.html