Download - Job related attitudes
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Employee satisfaction and
commitment
Prepared By:Siti Rokiah Siwok
for UHS 2062 at UTM [email protected]
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Job related attitudes Assessing employee attitudes about
their jobs is one of the major tasks of IO psychologist.
Among the most commonly studied job related attitudes are job satisfaction and organizational commitment.
Although 2 different constructs, j ob satisfaction and organizational commitment are highly correlated and result in similar employee behaviours.
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Satisfaction & org. commitment
Meta analyses show that satisfied employees
tend to be committed employees.
However, the relationship between job satisfaction and performance are not consistent across people or jobs.
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Job satisfaction and performance
The relationship between job satisfaction and performance is not consistent across people or jobs. E.g: For complex jobs, there is a strong
relationship between job satisfaction and performance, than jobs of low or medium complexity .
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Job satisfaction and commitment
Job satisfaction and commitment are multifaceted.
Examples of job satisfaction facets are pay, supervision, coworkers, promotion, work facility, worksite, work policy etc
An employee may be satisfied with one facet, (such as pay) but not another ( such as work facility).
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Approaches to study job satisfaction
Global approach
Facet approach
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What are the antecedents of Job satisfaction?
What causes employees to be satisfied with and
committed to their jobs?
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Commitment
Affective commitment: the extent to which an
employee wants to remain with the organization , cares about the organization and willing to exert effort on its behalf.
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Commitment
Continuance commitment: The extent an employee believes
that s/he must remain with the organization due to the time , efforts and expense that s/he has invested.
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Organizational commitment
There are three motivational facets to organizational commitment ( Meyer and Allen, 1997): Affective commitment Continuance commitment Normative commitment
( Read Aamodt, 2010 for details )
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Commitment
Normative commitment: The extent the employee feel obliged to the organization, and thus feels that s/he must remain with the organization.
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Perspectives to the study of job satisfaction and
committment
Personality perspective Environmental perspective Interact ional perspective
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Personality Perspectives
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What type of people are satisfied with their jobs?
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Individual Differences and Job Satisfaction Personal predisposition to satisfied or
dissatisfied may be one of the reasons of job satisfaction.
Individual difference theory posits that job satisfaction variation is due to the personal tendencies to enjoy/not to enjoy jobs.
Utilising Individual difference theory , satisfaction across jobs is consistent.
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Personality variables
Genetic predispositions
Core-self evaluations
Life satisfactions
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Genetic Predisposition
Genetic predisposition (30%), a study by Arvey et. al.1989, 1994), due to the presence of inherited personality traits such as “negative affectivity”.
Genetic predisposition studies are controversial and received lots of criticism
Any takers for further studies?
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Core self evaluations
A series of personality variables seem to be related to job satisfaction, meaning that some type of personalities have tendency to be satisfied or dissatisfied with their jobs.
Judge, Locke and Durham ( 1997) hypothesised that four ( 4) personality variables are likely to be satisfied with their jobs ( and their lives).
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Core Self-Evaluations
Personality variables are likely to be satisfied with their jobs ( and their lives):1. Emotional stability2. Self-esteem3. Self efficacy4. External /internal locus of control
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Life satisfaction
People who are satisfied with other aspects of life seems to be satisfied with their jobs., that is “people who are happy with their jobs are happy with their life and vice versa”
Fancy using “John Travolta method”?
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Others: Culture and intelligence
Culture plays great role
Intelligence…and if you are too “ smart”, you won’t be hired.
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Environment and Interactional Perspectives
What are the other antecedents of job
satisfaction?
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Satisfaction with other aspects of life
A number of researchers theorize that job satisfaction is consistent across time AND also to the extent which a person is satisfied with all other aspects of life.
People who are satisfied with their jobs tend to be satisfied with life; thus supports the theory that job satisfaction is significantly correlated with life satisfaction. Vice versa. A very important finding.
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Job expectation being met
When job expectations are not being met, job satisfaction is low and employees have the intentions to leave the jobs; consistent with discrepancy theory.
What are the implications of discrepancy theory?
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Other antecedents of Job satisfaction are: Good Job-organization fit Jobs are enjoyable Enjoy working with co-workers and
supervisors Social learning theory at work Equity theory Opportunities for challenge and growth
Job rotation, job enlargement and job enlargement
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Measuring Job Satisfaction and
Commitment
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Measuring Job Satisfaction
Job satisfaction can be assessed by asking how employees feel about their job, either by using questionnaire or interview.
Minnesota Satisfaction Questionnaire
Job descriptive index
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Measuring Organizational Commitment
Allen and Meyer Scale ( 1990)
Organizational Commitment Questionnaire (OCQ)
Organizational Commitment Scale (OCS)
Custom-Designed Inventories
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Consequences of Satisfaction/Dissatisfaction and Negative Work
Attitude Absenteeism Turnover Counterproductive Behaviours
Aimed at individuals Aimed at the organizations
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References
Aamodt, M.G (2007). Industrial and organizational psychology. An applied approach (5th ed) Belmont, CA: Thomson
Aamodt, M.G (2010). Industrial and organizational psychology. An applied approach (6th ed) Belmont, CA: Wadsworth