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Discover High Performance Precast
John E. Dobbs, P.E., S.E.
PCI Mountain States Region
EnCon United/Stresscon/Encon Colorado
Forterra Structural Precast
Harper Precast
Missoula Concrete Construction
Olympus Precast
Plum Creek Structures
Rocky Mountain Prestress
Rocla Concrete Tie
Teton Prestress Concrete
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AIA/CES Quality Statement This program is registered with the AIA/CES for continuing professional education. As such, it does not include content that may be deemed or construed to constitute approval, sponsorship or endorsement by the AIA of any method, product, service, enterprise or organization. The statements expressed by speakers, panelists, and other participants reflect their own views and do not necessarily reflect the views or positions of The American Institute of Architects or of AIA components, or those of their respective officers, directors, members, employees, or other organizations, groups or individuals associated with them. Questions related to specific products, publications, and services may be addressed at the conclusion of this presentation.
PCI has met the standards and requirements of the Registered Continuing Education Program (RCEP) of the National Council of Examiners for Engineers & Surveyors (NCEES). Credit earned on completion of this program will be reported to RCEP. A certificate of completion will be issued to each participant. As such, it does not include content that may be deemed or construed to be an approval or endorsement by NCEES or RCEP.
NCEES Registered Program
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Learning Objectives
1. Define high performance structures
2. Discuss the advantages and long-term benefits of high performance design
3. Describe how precast concrete contributes to design versatility, energy efficiency, and long-term building performance
4. Explain the concept of resiliency and how high performance design incorporates it to provide multi-hazard protection.
What is Concrete?
Concrete - A composite material that consists essentially of a binding medium within which are embedded particles or fragments of aggregate. (ASTM)
Concrete constituents:
• Cement
• Water
• Aggregates
• Admixtures
• Air
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What is Precast Concrete?
Precast Concrete - concrete cast elsewhere than its final position (ACI)
What is Prestressed Concrete?
Prestressed Concrete – concrete with its primary reinforcement consisting of steel strand that has been put into tension which results in compression of the concrete
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Prestressed Concrete:
• Increases load carrying capacity • Allows for greater spans • Reduces cracks • Smaller sections
Precast Elements
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Precast Elements
Precast concrete is architectural
and structural
Precast Elements
A. Load-bearing architectural spandrel B. Exterior column C. Double-tee or Hollowcore plank D. Interior column E. Inverted tee beam or composite beam F. Shear wall G. Stairs
A
A
B F
C
C
E
D
G
B F
C
C
E
D
Double-tee System
Hollowcore Plank System
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STRUCTURALPRODUCTS:TOTALPRECASTOFFICES
Precast Concrete Walls – Three Basic Types
Insulated Sandwich Solid Wall Panel Thin-shell
• Non-load bearing and load bearing • Available in essentially any shape and finish
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Shapes • Window walls • Spandrels • Column covers, mullions
Wall Types - Solid
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Wall Types - Solid
Wall Types – Insulated Sandwich Wall Panels
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Wall Types – Insulated Sandwich Wall Panels
STRUCTURALPRODUCTS:INSULATEDWALLS
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Wall Types – Thin-shell
Wall Types – GFRC (Thin-shell)
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GFRC:MUNICIPALOFFICES
GFRC:BANK/FINANCIALOFFICES
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TEMPLECONSTRUCTION
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Structural Precast
Structural Systems
Exterior and Interior shear walls
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Structural Systems
Frames
Project Applications
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Buildings
Buildings
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Parking Structures
Transportation
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TRANSPORTATION:PRESTRESSEDGIRDERS
High Performance
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What is a High Performance Structure?
“… integrates and optimizes on a lifecycle basis all major high performance attributes, including:
• energy and water conservation,
• environment, • safety, • security, • durability, • accessibility, • cost-benefit,
• productivity, • sustainability, • functionality, • and operational
considerations
Energy Independence and Security Act of 2007 401 PL 110-140
What is a High Performance Structure?
“… integrates and optimizes on a lifecycle basis all major high performance attributes, including:
• energy and water conservation,
• environment, • safety, • security, • durability, • accessibility, • cost-benefit,
• productivity, • sustainability, • functionality, • and operational
considerations
Energy Independence and Security Act of 2007 401 PL 110-140
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What is a High Performance Structure?
“… integrates and optimizes on a lifecycle basis all major high performance attributes, including:
• energy and water conservation,
• environment, • safety, • security, • durability, • accessibility, • cost-benefit,
• productivity, • sustainability, • functionality, • and operational
considerations
Energy Independence and Security Act of 2007 401 PL 110-140
What is a High Performance Structure?
“… integrates and optimizes on a lifecycle basis all major high performance attributes, including:
• energy and water conservation,
• environment, • safety, • security, • durability, • accessibility, • cost-benefit,
• productivity, • sustainability, • functionality, • and operational
considerations
Energy Independence and Security Act of 2007 401 PL 110-140
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High Performance Precast
Precast concrete is a high performance material that
integrates easily with other systems and inherently
provides the versatility, efficiency, and resiliency needed
to meet the multi-hazard requirements and long-term
demands of high performance structures.
Attributes and Benefits VERSATILE EFFICIENT RESILIENT
Aesthetic Versatility Site Efficiency Structure Durability
Virtually any color, form, and texture Minimal site disturbance Long service life
Facade integration Negligible waste Barrier wall system
Historic compatibility Accelerated construction Functional resilience
Structural Versatility Energy and Operational Efficiency Multi-Hazard Protection
Load-bearing envelopes Scalable performance Storm resistance
Economical sections Thermally efficient Earthquake resistance
Long open spans Low life-cycle costs Blast resistance
Use Versatility Risk Reduction Life Safety and Health Recyclable Design assist Indoor environmental quality
Deconstructive reuse Reduced detailing and trades Passive fire resistance
Adaptive reuse Enhanced profitability Meets FEMA 361
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High Performance:
Versatile • Aesthetic versatility (color, form and texture)
Aesthetics – Blend in
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Aesthetics – Stand out
Aesthetics – Concrete Colors
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Aesthetics - Concrete
As Cast
Exposed Aggregate
Acid Etch
Abrasive Blast
Aesthetics - Forms
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Aesthetics - Formliners
Aesthetics – Veneers, Thin-Brick
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Aesthetics – Veneers Limestone Granite
Aesthetics – Veneers
Marble
Tile
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Combination Finishes
The Aesthetic Versatility of Precast
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The Aesthetic Versatility of Precast
The Aesthetic Versatility of Precast
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The Aesthetic Versatility of Precast
The Aesthetic Versatility of Precast
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TRUCTURALPRODUCTS:PARKINGSTRUCTURES
The Aesthetic Versatility of Precast
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STRUCTURALPRODUCTS:MULTI-FAMILY
The Aesthetic Versatility of Precast
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The Aesthetic Versatility of Precast
The Aesthetic Versatility of Precast
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ARCHITECTURALPRECAST:OFFICEBUILDINGS
The Aesthetic Versatility of Precast
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The Aesthetic Versatility of Precast
High Performance:
Versatile • Aesthetic versatility (color, form and texture) • Design versatility (structural applications, load points,
open spans, etc.)
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The Structural Versatility of Precast
The Structural Versatility of Precast
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The Structural Versatility of Precast
High Performance:
Versatile • Aesthetic versatility (color, form and texture) • Design versatility (structural applications, load points,
open spans, etc.) • Adaptable use and reuse
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Use Versatility - Recycled/Reuse
Use Versatility – Project Adaptability
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High Performance:
Efficient • Site Efficiency
Site Efficiency
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High Performance: Efficient • Site Efficiency • Energy and Operational Efficiency
Enclosure Systems
Thermally efficient enclosures provide: • Protection against moisture
Barrier Wall(Face-sealed)
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Enclosure Systems
Thermally efficient enclosures provide: • Protection against moisture • Continuous insulation, air and vapor barriers
Material Average leakage, cfm/ft2 of surface at 0.3 in. H2O
Solid precast concrete wall
No measurable leakage
Extruded polystyrene insulation
No measurable leakage
½” fibreboard sheathing
0.31
Uncoated brick wall 0.31
Uncoated concrete block
0.41
1” expanded polystyrene
0.93
Material Average leakage, cfm/ft2 of surface at 0.3 in. H2O
Solid precast concrete wall
No measurable leakage
Extruded polystyrene insulation
No measurable leakage
½” fibreboard sheathing
0.31
Uncoated brick wall 0.31
Uncoated concrete block
0.41
1” expanded polystyrene
0.93
Enclosure Systems
Thermally efficient enclosures provide: • Protection against moisture • Continuous insulation, air and vapor barriers
High performance precast concrete inherently provides all three: continuous insulation, air and vapor barriers in one
efficient system.
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Reduce Thermal Bridges
Thermal Mass • Absorbs outside and inside heat and
slowly releases • Thermal mass effect delays the
onset of peak heating or cooling loads
• Thermal mass effect may reduce peak demand/energy consumption and enable downsized HVAC systems
• Reduces indoor temperature fluctuation to improve occupant comfort
• Thermal mass effect varies by climate
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Reduce Other Materials
High Performance:
Efficient • Site Efficiency • Energy and Operational Efficiency
• Thermally efficient • Reduce life-cycle costs
• Does not require painting • Does not rust, rot, or degrade when wet • Fewer joints • UV and pest resistant
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High Performance:
Efficient • Site Efficiency • Energy and Operational Efficiency
• Thermally efficient • Reduce life-cycle costs
• Does not require painting • Does not rust, rot, or degrade when wet • Fewer joints • UV and pest resistant
• Risk Reduction • Reduce trades, detailing, joints
High Performance:
Efficient • Site Efficiency • Energy and Operational Efficiency
• Thermally efficient • Reduce life-cycle costs
• Does not require painting • Does not rust, rot, or degrade when wet • Fewer joints • UV and pest resistant
• Risk Reduction • Reduce trades, detailing, joints • Design assist
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High Performance:
Resilient • Structure durability
Completed in 1953
High Performance:
Resilient • Structure durability • Multi-hazard protection/functional resilience Functional Resilience – expresses a structure's durability, competence to maintain its integrity, and ability to have its function restored following environmental change and natural or human-caused disaster.
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Impact Testing
Seismic Testing
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Blast Testing
High Performance:
Resilient • Structure durability • Multi-hazard protection • Life safety and health
• No VOCs • No Mold • Fast enclosure • Sound insulation • Multi-hazard protection • Passive fire protection
Drywall
Precast
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Environmental Impact
Environmental Impact
• What is the environmental impact from using high performance precast concrete relative to other systems?
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Environmental Impact - LCA
PCI conducted a Life-Cycle Assessment (LCA) • Cradle-to-grave • ISO 14040 & 14044 • Third-party verified Baseline building
• Five story, commercial office • 130-person occupancy • IBC (2006), & ASHRAE 90.1 (2007) • 73-year service life • Window-to-wall-ratio: 0.40 • Climate Zones: Miami, Memphis, Denver, Phoenix
LCA – Systems Matrix
Three structural systems • Steel • Cast in Place • Precast concrete Five enclosure systems • Curtain wall • Brick and steel stud • Precast concrete • Insulated precast concrete • Insulated precast concrete with thin-brick
S- CW S- Br S - PC S - IPC S - IPCTB
C-CW C-Br C-PC C-IPC C-IPCITB
PC-CW PC-Br PC-PC PC-IPC PC-IPCTB
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Environmental Impact - LCA
Findings: • Use stage (Operating energy) has the greatest
environmental impact for any structure/enclosure combination (about 96%)
• The COV among structure/enclosure combination for a given climate zone was 2% or less
• Precast concrete systems do NOT impose additional environmental burden relative to the systems studied
Certification
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PCI Certification
• Quality Assurance - An integrated and ongoing system of knowledge, programs, activities, people, inspections, tests, documentation, and assessment with the sole purpose of making sure that the intended design requirements are met.
• Quality Control - is the operational activities used to fulfill requirements of quality (e.g. testing, documentation)
• Certification - is a program to check the QA program. § Certification helps ensure that essential components
of a QA system are: § Present § Functioning properly
PCI Certification
Certification assures owners, specifiers, and designers that products and systems are: • Manufactured by companies that subscribe to nationally
accepted standards • Have comprehensive internal quality systems in place • Are audited to ensure compliance
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Benefits of PCI Certification
• Complete Program
• Pre-Qualified Bidders
• Total Lower Cost
• Checked to Specifications
• Clearly identified manufacturer capabilities
PCI Plant Certification
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Benefits of PCI Certification
• Complete Program
• Pre-Qualified Bidders
• Total Lower Cost
• Checked to Specifications
• Clearly identified manufacturer capabilities
• Proven and widely accepted
PCI Certification Specified In:
• AIA Masterspec • General Services
Administrations • Federal Bureau of
Prisons • USACE, NFVAC, etc. • Over 32 DOTs • FHWA endorsed
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Benefits of PCI Certification
• Complete Program
• Pre-Qualified Bidders
• Total Lower Cost
• Checked to Specifications
• Clearly identified manufacturer capabilities
• Proven and widely accepted
• As-designed, becomes as-built • Integrated with and an ongoing part of the Precast
Concrete Structures industry’s Body of Knowledge
Summary
High Performance Structures • Integrate and optimize ALL relevant attributes • Focus on long-term performance & reducing life cycle costs • Are built sustainably and also resiliently
High Performance Materials • Must be versatile, efficient and resilient • Provide long-term performance
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Summary
Precast concrete is versatile • Offers a virtually endless array of colors, finishes and textures =
easy to achieve your aesthetic goals efficiently • Finishes can be combined = reduces time, costs and risk • Can be used as the structural and enclosure system
simultaneously = saves time, materials and costs • Can be recycled & reused = is sustainable • Facilitates easier adaptation of a structures use = improves
service life
Summary
Precast concrete is efficient • Accelerates construction = allows quicker enclosure and project
completion = quicker use • Allows for a smaller site footprint = minimizes negative effects to
a project site and the environment • Combines continuous insulation, air and vapor barriers into one
efficient system = optimizes the enclosure, reducing maintenance • Improves thermal efficiency by as much as 30% = reduces
operational costs and energy use • Reduces overall life cycle costs = saves money • Requires less trades, coordination, and detailing = reduces risks,
costs • Provides a high degree of quality = as-designed becomes as-built
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Summary
Precast concrete is resilient • Is extremely durable = can provide a 100 year service life • Can provide multi-hazard protection (e.g. storms, earthquakes,
terrorists attacks, etc.) = protects occupants, reduces costs of rebuilding
• Provides inherent passive fire protection = protects occupants, reduces costs of rebuilding
• Improves occupant comfort and safety = protects occupants and improves productivity
• no VOCs • no mold • excellent sound insulation • less temperature fluctuation = more occupant comfort
Summary
Precast concrete is a high performance material that integrates easily with other systems, and inherently provides the versatility, efficiency, and resiliency needed to meet the multi-hazard requirements and long-term demands of high performance structures.
Thank you! Visit www.pci.org/hpprecast