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Bluetooth low energy
April 2010
John Leonard, RSM Europe
Disclaimer:
The images of trademarks and product designs illust rated in this presentation should not be understood to imply any level of commitment or implementation plans by respective owners thereof. Instead, the images are used to illustrate the pote ntial use cases of the technology. This presentatio n, Disclaimer and the images herein, or any part there of, should not be used publicly at any time without the explicit written consent by respective owners. ANT, ANT+ and SensRcore are Trademarks of Dynastrea m Corporation. The Bluetooth word mark and logo are registered trademarks and are owned by the Bluetooth SIG, Inc.
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Introduction
Bluetooth low energy is the latest addition to the Bluetooth family. This presentation will give an insight into:
� What is Bluetooth low energy?
� Bluetooth low energy fundamentals
� Market Segments
� Qualification program
� Nordic’s Bluetooth low energy offering – uBlue
Disclaimer Bluetooth low energy specification and products ar e under development and specification and schedule are subject to change.
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Introduction
Bluetooth Low Energy
”Create a ubiquitous RF enabled informational environment”
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Purpose of Bluetooth low energy
Bluetooth low energy wireless technology is an open low
energy, short range radio technology
Key Benefits
• low power consumption
• small size
• connectivity to mobile phones
• low cost
• robust, efficient
• multi-vendor interoperability
• global availability, license free
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Principles of ultra low power operationLow duty cycle operation and fast connections
Low duty cycle, short packages and high on air data rate
� Connection intervals from 3ms to 4s+
� Short data packets – up to 31 bytes payload
� 1 Mbps on-air data rate
� System spends most time in sleep mode
� RF is on only a a small fraction of the time
Fast connection time
� Devices can connect in 3ms
� Allows for fast connection, send data and then disc onnect
� System can spend most of the time in deep sleep
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Sport Fitness
Competition monitoring service
Team fitness coaching
Adventure sportsteam room
Odometer PedometerHeart ratemonitorPedometer
(Sensor) devices Services
Body temperature
Body liquid balance
Altimeter Acceleration
Distance, speed etc.
Sports watch
Mobile phone
Laptop/desktop
Host devices
Sports equipment
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Medical/Home monitoring
Weight scale
Elderly monitoring service
Weight loss and fitness coaching
Personal health record
Blood pressure
Odometer PedometerHeart ratemonitor
Glucose meter
Medication dispenser
Watch
Mobile phone
(Sensor) devices Host devices Services
Laptop/desktop) ) ) ) ) ) )
) ) ) ) ) ) )
) ) ) ) ) ) )
) ) ) ) ) ) )
) ) ) ) ) ) )
) ) ) ) ) ) )) ) ) ) ) ) )
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Entertainment
Gamingcommunities
Musicstores
Gamestores
Mobile phone
Remote control of mobile devices (camcorder, MP3 player etc.)
(Sensor) devices Services
Laptop/desktop
Remote control of homeentertainment system(TV, stereo, DVDetc.)
Host devices
Remote control in intelligent clothing(MP3 player etc.)
MP3 playerGaming sensors
Game console
) ) ) ) ) ) )
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) ) ) ) ) ) )
) ) ) ) ) ) )
) ) ) ) ) ) )) ) ) ) ) ) )
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) ) ) ) ) ) )
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Proximity
Proximity tags for mobile phones
� Alarm when phone out of range
� Lock phone when out of range
Proximity tags for other application
� Children in mall
� Computer security
� Keyless entry
� Keyless go
Bluetooth low energy Proximity profile
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PUID
Use your watch to control MP3 player, mobile phone
Collect data from PAN
Get alerts
� xx level low, time to take your medication
� Your glucose level is xx
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Dual Mode / Single ModeTwo implementation options
Dual Mode � Combines BR/EDR and LE Bluetooth on a single
chip
� Minimum delta cost vs. BR/EDR only
� Use anywhere where BR/EDR is used today
Mobile phones Laptop PCs
Desktop PCs
Single Mode � Bluetooth low energy only
� The true ultra low power implementation
� Coin cell battery operation
� New class of devices
Sports and fitness
Remote controls
Watches
+ + +
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Dual ModeBluetooth 4.0
Link Layer
Attribute Protocol
Attribute Profile
BR/EDR + LE PHY
Link Manager
L2CAP
RFCOM
SPP
Dual mode + single mode implementations
“Single Mode”Bluetooth BR/EDR
BR/EDR PHY
Link Manager
L2CAP
RFCOM
SPP
Single modeBluetooth low energy
LE PHY
Link Layer
L2CAP
Attribute Protocol
Attribute Profile
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Bluetooth low energy system architecture
Link Layer (LL)
Host Controller Interface (HCI)
L2CAP
SMP
GATT P
UID
Physical Layer (PHY)
GAP
ATT
Proxim
ity
Sim
ple RC
Battery
Tem
perature
Heart rate
Blood pressure
Tim
e update
…
Link Controller
Host
Profiles
Physical layer – transmits / receive bits
Link layer – packets and control
L2CAP – Link multiplexor
Generic Access Profile (GAP) – Discovery and link
management
Security Manager Protocol (SMP) – Link security
Attribute Protocol (ATT) – Protocol for accessing data
Attribute Profile (GATT) – Data (attribute) organization
Profiles – Application specific protocol for communication
between devices
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PHY – Channels 2
40 RF Channels
3 FIXED Channels for Advertising Used to broadcast data
Connectable
Discoverable
Data Channels
Used to send application data
Adaptively Frequency Hopped
37 Dynamic Channels Used to send application data
Adaptively Frequency Hopped
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Link Layer - States
Scanning
Advertising Initiating
Connecting
Standby
Transmitting advertising packets (“Broadcast”) and listening and responding to responses
Listening for advertising packets and responding to initiate a connection
No RF activity
Listening for advertising packets (“Scanner”)
Communicate with one or more slaves and control the timing of the connection.
Communicate with one master device
Initiators becomes Masters
Advertisers becomes Slaves
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Link Layer – Network Topology 1
Master
Slave
Slave
Slave
Slave
Scanner
Advert-
iser
Advert-
iser
Advert-
iser
Advertisement
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Link Layer – Network Topology 2
Initiator
Slave
Slave
Slave
Slave
Scanner
Advert-
iser
Advert-
iser
Advert-
iser
Connection Request
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Link Layer – Network Topology 3
Master
Slave
Slave
Slave
Slave
Scanner
Advert-
iser
Slave
Advert-
iser
Connected
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Link Layer – Package Structure
Preamble Access Address Payload CRC
1 byte 4 bytes 2 to 39 bytes 3 bytes
All packets have same structure• Preamble – 01010101 or 10101010
• Access Address – correlated 32 bit sequence
• Payload – actual data
• CRC – 24 bit CRC for robust bit error detection• CRC calculated over Payload
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HCI
Reuse existing HCI interface from BR
Keeps existing HCI packet formats
Added new LE Commands – for new functionality
Scanning / Advertising
Reuses existing transports
e.g. UART / USB / SDIO / 3wire
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Device capabilitiesProfile roles
Bluetooth low energy defines 4 different profile ro les
� Corresponds to a minimum set of Link layer features and functionality to be compliant
� Broadcaster – Perform broadcast advertisement to other devices
� Observer – Listen for broadcast advertisement from other devices
� Peripheral – Perform broadcast advertisement, connecting to other devices and serve as a slave in the connection
� Central - Listen for broadcast advertisement from other devices, initiate and serve as a master in a connection
A device may support one or multiple roles
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Security Manager Protocol (SMP)
Performs Authentication and Key Management
� Host function – gives more flexibility
Uses AES-128 as the encryption algorithm for securi ty procedures
Defines protocol to setup a secure link
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AttributesThe basic element of Bluetooth low energy communica tion
Attributes is simply ‘data’
� A value that has a meaning
� and permission
� and security requirements
� and is addressable by a handle
Attributes is composed of
� A value - the value itself, for example 25
� UUID – what the value mean, for example ºC
� Handle – how to address it
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ServicesThe key to use cases and interoperability
Bluetooth profiles
� Interface spec for communication between devices
� Ensures multivendor interoperability
� At least one profile is required for Bluetooth compliance
� Each profile provide support a specific use-case
Bluetooth low energy:
� Instead of large profiles many small services are available
� An application may need several services to support the required use-cases
Link Layer (LL)
Host Controller Interface (HCI)
L2CAP
SMP
GATT P
UID
Physical Layer (PHY)
GAP
ATT
Proxim
ity
Sim
ple RC
Battery
Tem
perature
Heart rate
Blood pressure
Tim
e update
…
Link Controller
Host
Services
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Bluetooth low energy profiles2 of 2
Q3101.0Heart rate informationHeart rate
Q4101.0Step countsPedometer
Q4101.0Speed informationSpeed
Q4101.0Cycling cadeneCadence
HID WG
TBD1.1Mouse, keyboard, game controller etc.HID Profiles
MedWG Profiles
Q1111.0Body temperature informationBody temperature
Q4101.0Blood pressure informationBlood pressure
Q4101.0Battery status and informationWeight scale
Q4101.0Blood glucose levelGlucose
Q1111.0Blood oxygen saturationPulse Ox
Q4101.0Distance travelledDistance
Est. scheduleCore spec. version
BriefProfile
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How do you qualify a Bluetooth low energy productJust the same way as BR/EDR
25Bluetooth SIG Proprietary and Confidential20-Sep-10
Bluetooth Project
Concept
Bluetooth Test
Plan
Bluetooth Product Testing
1
2
Member Starts Project On-line
Member Obtains Bluetooth
Design ID
(i.e., B019999)
3
Member Selects Product
Features (PICS)
4Member Completes
Test Plan
5
Member Completes
Product6Member Tests Product
7Member Completes
Test Report
8Member Submits
Test Report to SIG
Product
Listing
9Member Lists
Product On-line
(both QDL and EPL)
11Member Signs DoC
And SDoC
12
Member Pays Listing Fee
Qualified and Listed
10Member Marks
Product with ID
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Qualification
Nordic will qualify and list:
� Device PHY
� µBlue controller and Host stack
� µBlue services running on nRF8200
Customer qualification needs:
� PHY – if you make your own• Not needed if you use modules
� Profiles – if changed/tuned compared to Nordic listings
Qualification specifications and cost structure are sub ject to change!
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nRF8001
Nordic Semiconductor Bluetooth low energy family
µBlue
Single mode slave solution
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µBlue™A true coin cell Bluetooth low energy solution
� Single mode Bluetooth® low energy slave solution
� Fully integrated Phy, Link Controller and Host
� 13.5mA peak current
� Down to 17µA average current with 1s connection interval
� Complete solution with µBlue SDK
� 5x5mm QFN package nRF8001
Prototype samples(Selected customer)
Qualified samples(Bluetooth low energy v1.0)
Q3 2010 October 2009
Mass production
Q4 2010
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Solution overviewnRF8001 + µBlue SDK = complete Bluetooth low energy solution
Flexible yet optimized
� Use the best-fit application MCU
� Easily expand with more profiles
Easy integration and qualification
� Separate MCU for application and link controller/host
� Prequalified PHY, LC and Host subsystem
µBlue SDK
� Includes qualified Bluetooth low energy profiles
� Portable C source code
PHY
LC
Host
MCU
Profiles
Application
App. I/O
nRF8001 Application MCU
WirelessConnectivity Application
ACI
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Key features
nRF8001 Block diagram(Simplified)
2.4GHz Radio
Protocol MCUand
Baseband logic
ROM Digital
I/O
Oscillators
DC/DC Reg.
Linear Reg.
Link Controller FW
Host FW
ACI
Antenna and
matching netw
ork
16MHz crystal (req.)
32kHz crystal (opt.)
LC network(opt.)
ApplicationController
Single mode slave solution
� Fully embedded PHY, Link Controller and Host
� Serial interface to application controller
Ultra low power operation
� Sub 13.5mA peak current
� Sub 25µA average currents
� Coin cell battery operation
Peripherals
� Linear and DC/DC regulators
� 250ppm on-chip 32kHz RC oscillator
� ADC for battery level monitoring
32-pin 5x5mm QFN package
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Optimized single mode slave implementationBluetooth low energy features
Ultra low power PHY
Link Controller
� Standby, Advertising and slave role connected modes
� Encryption and authentication (Hardware accelerated AES-128)
Fully featured “Slave” Host
� Peripheral and broadcaster profile roles
� Fully featured SMP
� Attribute server and client roles
Application Controller Interface
� Chip and protocol stack Interface
� SPI based
Link Layer (LL)
Host Controller Interface (HCI)
L2CAP
SMP
GATT
Physical Layer (PHY)
GAP ATT
Link Controller
Host
Radio
Application Controller Interface (ACI)
nRF8001 Bluetooth low energy stack
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True ultra low power operation
11mAActive (DC/DC regulator 3V in)
500nADeep sleep
3uAStandby (32k XO)
13.5mAActive( Linear regulator)
Peak currents
10µA2s interval
55µA250ms interval
17µA1s interval
Connected mode average currents(Linear regulator, SCA = MCA = 50ppm, 168 bit packe t length)
29µA2s interval
110µA250ms interval
56µA1s interval
Advertising mode average currents(Linear regulator, SCA = MCA = 50ppm, 216 bit packe t length, all three advertising channels, connectable)
Coin cell battery operation
� 13.5mA peak w/ linear reg.
� 11mA peak w/ DC/DC reg. at 3V
� Headroom for application controller
Years of battery lifetime
� Sub 25µA in connected mode
� 1 year++ on standard coin cell(220mAh)
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nRF8002Single chip system-on-chip solution for Proximity t ags
Cost, size an power optimized
� Single chip solution
� Low cost BOM
Easy integration and qualification
� Configurable application
� Qualified Proximity / Battery profile system
Wide range of application peripherals to support:
� LEDs
� Buttons / Swithes
� Buzzer
� Speaker
PHY
LC
Host
Configurable tag application
nRF8002
Proximity and battery profiles
� Coin cell
� LEDs
� Buttons
� Buzzer
� Speaker
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µBlue Prototype Kit