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JOHNSON GRASS CONTROL IN MARSH RESTORATION PROJECTS
KELLI GLADDING
SEPRO CORPORATION
CELL: 386-409-1175
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TROUBLESOME AQUATIC INVASIVE GRASSES IN FL
• TORPEDOGRASS
• PARAGRASS
• WEST INDIAN MARSH GRASS
• TROPICAL AMERICAN WATER GRASS
• LIMPOGRASS
Glyphosate
Imazapyr
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INVASIVE GRASS CONTROL HAS LARGELY BEEN DONE WITH TWO ACTIVE INGREDIENTS
GLYPHOSATE
• 2-4 QT/A
• 1-5% V/V
• NONSELECTIVE
• NO SOIL RESIDUAL
• RESISTANCE IN AGRICULTURE WIDESPREAD
IMAZAPYR
• 16 OZ – 2 QT/A
• 0.5-2% V/V
• NONSELECTIVE
• LENGTHY SOIL RESIDUAL
• RESISTANCE TO ALS HERBICIDES
WIDESPREAD
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But these don’t always kill them all!
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The lack of selectivity still plagues grass control
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ACCASE INHIBITORS 1(A) (GRAMINICIDES)
• SETHOXYDIM
• POAST, VANTAGE, TIGR
• CLETHODIM
• SELECT, ARROW
• FLUAZIFOP
• FUSILADE
• DICLOPFOP
• HOELON
• QUIZALOFOP
• ASSURE2
• FENOXAPROP
• FUSION
• HALOXYFOP
• VERDICT
“DIMS”“FOPS”
“DENS”
Aryloxyphenoxypropionates cyclohexanediones
phenylpyrazolins
• Pinoxaden
– Axial
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ACCASE INHIBITORSYMPTOMS
• STOP LIPID (FATTY ACID) BIOSYNTHESIS BY
BINDING AN ENZYME CALLED ACETYL-
COENZYME A CARBOXYLASE (ACCASE)
• NO NEW LIPIDS= NO CELL MEMBRANES
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• Sethoxydim
• Clethodim
• Fluazifop-p-butyl
• Glyphosate
• Imazapyr
Herbicides tested in mesocosm studies for
emergent selectivity
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SOME NOTES ON GRAMINICIDES
• SHORT HALF LIFE IN SOIL
• DEGRADE IN WATER BY PHOTOLYSIS
• DICOTS AND SOME GRASSES HAVE INSENSITIVE ACCASE
• RESISTANCE HAS BEEN CONFIRMED IN SEVERAL GRASSES WORLDWIDE
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FOR EXPERIMENTAL USE ONLY
For use only at an application site of a cooperator and in accordance with the terms and
conditions of the Experimental Use Permit.
Not for use by any person other than a participant or cooperator of the Florida-approved
Experimental Use Program FOR DISTRIBUTION AND USE ONLY WITHIN FLORIDA UNDER EUP
No. FL15-EUP-01 TIGR HERBICIDE
For evaluation as a foliar-applied herbicide for the selective control of invasive grasses such
as torpedograss, West Indian marsh grass, para grass, and Tropical American water grass, in
ponds, lakes, swamps, riparian areas, wetlands, marshes, reservoirs, and other areas
adjacent to aquatic sites.
Active Ingredient: sethoxydim: 2-[1-(ethoxyimino)butyl]-5-[2-(ethylthio)propyl]-3-hydroxy-2-
cyclohexen-1-one* ..................................................................................................... 18.0% Other
Ingredients .................................................................................................... 82.0% TOTAL
.................................................................................................................... 100.0% *Equivalent to 1.5
pounds of sethoxydim per gallon formulated as an emulsifiable concentrate. Contains
petroleum distillate
TIGR Herbicide:
2015 Experimental Use Permit- FL15-EUP-01
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OBJECTIVE
• EVALUATE AND COMPARE EFFICACY OF TIGR
(A.I.- SETHOXYDIM) AND CLEARCAST
(IMAZAMOX):
1. TO CONTROL JOHNSON GRASS
2. CONSERVE SPARTINA
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JOHNSON GRASS: NON-NATIVESORGHUM HALPENSE
Photos- courtesy of USF, Plant Atlas
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LAKE APOPKA NORTH SHORE- MARSH RESTORATION
1- Acre Blocks:
• TIGR- 2.5% Solution w/ 2nd application 4 wks
• Clearcast- 1% Solution
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DAY OF APPLICATION
• NOVEMBER 7, 2016
• TREATED VIA MARSH MASTER BY SHAWN MOORE WITH
ST. JOHNS RIVER WATER MANAGEMENT DISTRICT
• SPECIAL LICENSE FOR APPLYING PESTICIDES AS
RESEARCH
• TIGR- EXPERIMENTAL USE PERMIT
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TIGR- EUPFDACS INSPECTOR- SAM
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DECEMBER 7, 2016: 30 DATTIGR- JOHNSONGRASS MOSTLY CONTROLLED THROUGHOUT TREATMENT AREA
SPARTINA AND OTHER NATIVES STILL GREEN AND HEALTHY
UNTREATED VERSUS TREATED
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DECEMBER 7, 2016: 30 DATTIGR- NON-TARGET PLANT IMPACTS
Not effective on Cogon grass
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JANUARY 2017- ~ 60 DATTIGR- JOHNSONGRASS CONTROLLED THROUGHOUT TREATMENT AREA
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JANUARY 2017, ~60 DATTIGR- Spartina, green but some stress, dry ground
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JANUARY 2017- ~ 60 DATTIGR- SELECTIVE CONTROL AROUND MYRTLES, LUDWIGIA, SEDGES.
ANDROPOGONS IN THE AREA WERE BROWN DUE TO TIME OF YEAR
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MAY 25, 2017
• TIGR PLOT ON THE LEFT WITH
CONTROL OF THE JOHNSON
GRASS.
• RAG WEED WAS ABSENT FROM
THE SITE (?)
• ELEVATION, DRY WINTER?
• CLEARCAST ON THE RIGHT
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JUNE, 2017: TIGR PLOTS
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JUNE, 2017: CLEARCAST
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ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS
• UNIVERSITY OF FLORIDA- DR. STEPHEN ENLOE
• ST. JOHNS RIVER WATER MANAGEMENT DISTRICT
• SHAWN MOORE
• DEB STONE
• UNIVERSITY OF SOUTH FLORIDA- PLANT ATLAS