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Joints of the Body
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Connective TissueIs classed as soft tissueIs flexible (to a degree)
CARTILAGEIs only slightly elasticCoats the ends of bones in Synovial JointsThe end of your nose and the tips of your ears are both made of Cartilage
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LigamentsCross over joints, joining bone to bone.Slightly elasticMain function is to provide stability at the joint
TendonsAre NOT elastic, but are very strong.Anchor muscle to bone
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Types of JointsThe main types of joints are:
1. Fibrous- immovable/fused (skull, pelvis)
2. Cartilaginous- semi-moveable (pubic bones, ribs to sternum)
3. Synovial- freely moveable (shoulder, knee, ankle)
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Cartilaginous Joint
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Synovial JointsThese are the interesting ones!
The features of Synovial Joints include:
Hyaline Cartilage- lines the bones, protects & reduces friction
Joint Capsule- surrounds the joint, adds stability & seals the joint
Synovial Membrane- lines the joint capsule & secretes Synovial Fluid
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Synovial Joints
Synovial Fluid- lubricates the joint
Ligaments- holds bones together &
controls movement
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A Typical Synovial Joint
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Types of Synovial Joints
1. Ball & Socket: Shoulder & Hip2. Pivot: Neck (Atlas & Axis vertebrae)3. Saddle: Base of the Thumb4. Hinge: Knee & Elbow5. Gliding: Ankle6. Condyloid: Wrist
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Types of Synovial Joints
Hinge Joint Saddle Joint
Ball in Socket
Gliding Joint
Pivot Joint
Ovoid Joint
(Condyloid)
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Ball and socket Joint
Able to move in all direction.Also known as a multi-axial joint.ie: Shoulder Joint
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Pivot joint
Has only one axis and allows rotational movement only.ie: Neck
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Hinge Joint
Has only one axis and allows flexion and extension only.ie: Elbow Joint
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Gliding joint
Exists where bones with flat surfaces meet.It allows sideways, foreword and backward movement.
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Saddle joint
Is a bi-axial joint.Moves sideways and back and forth.
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Ellipsoid or Condyloid Joint
Often classified as a hinge joint.Allows a small amount of rotation.ie: Knee Joint