Download - Joints structure and classification
![Page 1: Joints structure and classification](https://reader034.vdocument.in/reader034/viewer/2022042723/587382da1a28ab272d8b5381/html5/thumbnails/1.jpg)
JOIN
TS
T HE A
R T I C UL A R S
Y S T E M
![Page 2: Joints structure and classification](https://reader034.vdocument.in/reader034/viewer/2022042723/587382da1a28ab272d8b5381/html5/thumbnails/2.jpg)
JOINTSA joint can be defined as follows: A joint or place of articulation is formed where
2 or more bones come in close contact in the body and are attached to each other by ligaments or cartilage.
![Page 3: Joints structure and classification](https://reader034.vdocument.in/reader034/viewer/2022042723/587382da1a28ab272d8b5381/html5/thumbnails/3.jpg)
TYPES OF JOINTS: FIBROUS
Fibrous (or Immovable) Joints.
Held together by a thin layer of strong connective tissue.
No movement between the bones.
Sutures of the skull, teeth in their sockets.
![Page 4: Joints structure and classification](https://reader034.vdocument.in/reader034/viewer/2022042723/587382da1a28ab272d8b5381/html5/thumbnails/4.jpg)
TYPES OF JOINTS: CARTILAGENOUS
Cartilagenous Joints. The articular surfaces of
the bones forming the joints are attached to each other by white fibro-cartilaginous discs
Limited degree of movement.
Vertebral discs, the pubic symphysis.
![Page 5: Joints structure and classification](https://reader034.vdocument.in/reader034/viewer/2022042723/587382da1a28ab272d8b5381/html5/thumbnails/5.jpg)
TYPES OF JOINTS: SYNOVIAL
Freely movable joints.The ends of the bones
are covered with a layer of smooth hyaline cartilage.
Enclosed by a bag-like capsular ligament which holds the joint together and contains the synovial fluid.
![Page 6: Joints structure and classification](https://reader034.vdocument.in/reader034/viewer/2022042723/587382da1a28ab272d8b5381/html5/thumbnails/6.jpg)
TYPES OF JOINTS: SYNOVIAL
Lined with a Synovial membrane. This membrane secretes synovial fluid. The synovial fluid lubricates the joint.
The bones are also attached by ligaments. They prevent dislocation during normal movement.
![Page 7: Joints structure and classification](https://reader034.vdocument.in/reader034/viewer/2022042723/587382da1a28ab272d8b5381/html5/thumbnails/7.jpg)
CARTILAGE
Is a tough, generally smooth fibrous connective tissue found at the end of bones and between joints.
It protects bones by helping to absorb the impacts experienced during movement and physical activity
![Page 8: Joints structure and classification](https://reader034.vdocument.in/reader034/viewer/2022042723/587382da1a28ab272d8b5381/html5/thumbnails/8.jpg)
LIGAMENTSA strong,
fibrous band of connective tissue that holds together two or more moveable bones or cartilage.
“Connects bone to bone”
![Page 9: Joints structure and classification](https://reader034.vdocument.in/reader034/viewer/2022042723/587382da1a28ab272d8b5381/html5/thumbnails/9.jpg)
TENDONS
Are very strong and inflexible connective tissue that allow movement to occur by helping muscles pull on bones.
“Tendons connect muscles to bones”
![Page 10: Joints structure and classification](https://reader034.vdocument.in/reader034/viewer/2022042723/587382da1a28ab272d8b5381/html5/thumbnails/10.jpg)
SPECIFIC TYPES O
F
S Y NO V I A L J
OI N
T S
![Page 11: Joints structure and classification](https://reader034.vdocument.in/reader034/viewer/2022042723/587382da1a28ab272d8b5381/html5/thumbnails/11.jpg)
BALL-AND-SOCKET JOINTS.
These joints are formed where the rounded head of one bone fits into the hollow, cup-shaped socket of another bone.
Freedom of movement in all directions.
Hip, shoulder.
![Page 12: Joints structure and classification](https://reader034.vdocument.in/reader034/viewer/2022042723/587382da1a28ab272d8b5381/html5/thumbnails/12.jpg)
HINGE JOINTS.
Movement is possible in one plane only.
Knee and the Elbow joints.
Hinge joints have ligaments mainly at the sides of the joints.
![Page 13: Joints structure and classification](https://reader034.vdocument.in/reader034/viewer/2022042723/587382da1a28ab272d8b5381/html5/thumbnails/13.jpg)
GLIDING JOINTS. Allow for gliding
movements between flat surfaces as they slide over one another.
Only a limited amount of movement is allowed
The joints between the carpal bones, the joints between the tarsal bones
![Page 14: Joints structure and classification](https://reader034.vdocument.in/reader034/viewer/2022042723/587382da1a28ab272d8b5381/html5/thumbnails/14.jpg)
PIVOT JOINTS. These joints occur
where:a bony ring rotates
round the pivot (axis) of another bone such as the ring-like atlas rotating around the odontoid process of the axis, allowing the head to turn from side to side.
The end of one bone rotates round the axis of another bone such as the end of the radius rotating around the ulna as the palm of the hand is turned inwards or outwards.
![Page 15: Joints structure and classification](https://reader034.vdocument.in/reader034/viewer/2022042723/587382da1a28ab272d8b5381/html5/thumbnails/15.jpg)
SADDLE JOINTS
Two saddle-like structures allowing backwards, forwards and sideways movements.
Thumb (between carpals and metacarpals)
Ankle (between fibula, tibia and tarsals)
![Page 16: Joints structure and classification](https://reader034.vdocument.in/reader034/viewer/2022042723/587382da1a28ab272d8b5381/html5/thumbnails/16.jpg)
CONDYLOID JOINT
Oval shaped head of bone in a shallow cavity, allowing backwards, forwards and sideways movement
Wrist (between radius and ulna and carpals)