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REPORTABLE
IN THE SUPREME COURT OF INDIA
CIVIL APPELLATE JURISDICTION
CIVIL APPEAL NOS. 297-298 of 2015A!"#"$% o&' of S.L.P. C( No#.1)121-1)122 of 2011(
S&*+"! N. , O!#. A/$'#
V/!#
S''/ of /! , O!#. R/#o$*/$'#
3"'+
CIVIL APPEAL NOS. 299-)00 of 2015A!"#"$% o&' of S.L.P. C( No#.11597-11598 of 2011(
CIVIL APPEAL NO. )01 of 2015A!"#"$% o&' of S.L.P. C( No.11404 of 2011(
CIVIL APPEAL NOS. )02-)0) of 2015A!"#"$% o&' of S.L.P. C( No#.1)12)-1)12 of 2011(
CIVIL APPEAL NOS. )0-)05 of 2015A!"#"$% o&' of S.L.P. C( No#.1)124-1)127 of 2011(
AND
CIVIL APPEAL NOS. )04-)07 of 2015A!"#"$% o&' of S.L.P. C( No#.1)1)0-1)1)1 of 2011(
J U D G M E N T
1
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T.S. THAKUR, J.
1. L/6/ %!$'/*.
2. T+/#/ /# !"#/ o&' of &*%/$' $* o!*/! *'/*
)0'+ M!+ 2011 ##/* :; '+/ H"%+ Co&!' of /! '
E!$
A*"##"o$ 'o Po#'%!*&'/ Co&!#/# &$*/! S/!6"/ ?&o' A'@
2008 /! A' 29 of 2008(@ #+ :/ */ #'!"'; o$ '+/
:#"# of inter se #/$"o!"'; of '+/ $*"*'/# =+o +6/ '
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Eo;//# S''/ I$#&!$/ D/!'/$' of '+/ S''/. A# /!
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"&%$/* /%"#'"o$ *"##"o$# %"$#' #&+ !/#/!6/* #/'#
=/!/ */ o$ '+/ :#"# of #/$"o!"'; of "$-#/!6"/ $*"*'/#
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R/%&'"o$# of M/*" Co&$" of I$*"@ 2000@ +o=/6/!@
*/ "' $*'o!; fo! $*"*'/# #//
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/"$'"o$ $* 'o &"f; fo! *"##"o$ 'o $; o#'-
%!*&'/ o&!#/. Co$#"*/!"$% '+/#/ !/!/#/$''"o$#@ '+/
o6/!$/$' */"*/* 'o :!"$% /%"#'"o$ 'o o6/!o/ '+/
*"ff"&'"/# f/* :; "$-#/!6"/ $*"*'/# "$ '+/ ''/! of
%/''"$% *"##"o$ 'o o#'-%!*&'/ o&!#/#. T+/ /%"#'"o$
/$6"#%/* &o' fo! /*" off"/!# "$ '+/ #/!6"/ of '+/
S''/ o6/!$/$' o$ #&+ '/!# $* o$*"'"o$# # ; :/
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No.29 of 2008 #//'"o$ of /*" off"/!# 'o '+/ o#'-
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:; S//'"o$ Co"''// /* '+/ Po#' !*&'/ Co&!#/
M/*" S//'"o$ Co"''// o$#'"'&'/* &$*/! S/'"o$ of
'+/ #"* A'. S/'"o$ 5 of '+/ A' /o=/!/* '+/
o6/!$/$' 'o #/' !' #/'# $o' ///*"$% 0 of '+/
'o' #/'# 6":/ "$ '+/ S''/ &o' fo! $; */"
;/! fo! #//'"o$ of /*" off"/!# &$*/! #/!6"/ &o'>
fo! *"##"o$ 'o o#'-%!*&'/ /*" o&!#/# "$ /*"
o/%/# of '+/ S''/. S&:-#/'"o$ 2( of S/'"o$ 5 !o6"*/*
'+' '+/ */" &"f"'"o$# fo! *"##"o$ 'o '+/ o#'-
%!*&'/ o&!#/# #+ :/ $ MBBS */%!// ="'+ "$"&
of 50 !
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!/#!":/*. S&:-#/'"o$ ( of S/'"o$ 5 !/&"!/* '+/ Po#'-
%!*&'/ S//'"o$ Co"''// 'o f"$"#/ '+/ #//'"o$ "#'
*"!/'; :#/* o$ '+/ #/$"o!"'; of '+/ "$-#/!6"/ /*"
off"/!# $* foo="$% #&+ o'+/! !"'/!" # ; :/
!/#!":/*. S/'"o$ 4 !o6"*/* fo! %!$' of =/"%+'%/ fo!
!&! !/ #/!6"/> o! *"ff"&' !&! !/ #/!6"/> # '+/ #/
; :/@ "$ '+/ ''/! of #//'"o$ of '+/ $*"*'/# fo!
*"##"o$. S/'"o$# )@ @ 5 $* 4 'o '+/ /'/$' '+/; !/
!//6$' ; :/ !/-!o*&/* ' '+"# #'%/G
3. Selection of Medical Officers for admission toPostgraduate Course Under the Service.
Quota.- Notwithstanding anthing contained in the!ndian Medical Council "ct# $%&' (Central "ct $)* of
$%&'+ or an rule or regulation issued thereunder orin an ,udgment# decree or order of an court orauthorit# the selection of Medical Officers foradmission to Postgraduate Course of stud in theState under the service uota shall e made onlunder the /rovisions of this "ct.
0. Constitution of Post 1raduate Course MedicalSelection Committee 2
($+ he 1overnment ma constitute a
Postgraduate Course Selection Committeefor the /ur/ose of selection of MedicalOfficers under the service uota with thefollowing e4-officio memers# namel5-
(a+ he Secretar to 1overnment# 6ealth and7amil 8elfare 9e/artment# 1overnment of:erala;
(+ he 9irector of Medical
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(d+ he 9irector of !nsurance Medical
Services;
(e+ he =oint 9irector of Medical
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(&+ he selection list finalised under su-section (0+ shall e /ulished the Post1raduate Selection Committee for theinformation of the a//licants.
'. 8eightage for rural service. 2
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o&!#/# *//$*/$' #o/; o$ '+/ #/$"o!"'; of '+/ "$-#/!6"/
$*"*'/# ="'+o&' !/#!":"$% '+/ "$"& o$*"'"o$# of
/"%":""'; fo! '+/ $*"*'/# o$/!$/*. Co/'/$/ of '+/
S''/ L/%"#'&!/ 'o /$' S/'"o$ 5( of '+/ "&%$/*
L/%"#'"o$ =# #o /* "$ &/#'"o$ o$ '+/ %!o&$* '+' '+/
#"* "// of /%"#'"o$ 6"o'/* '+/ !/%&'"o$# f!/* :;
'+/ M/*" Co&$" of I$*" '+/ &'+o!"'; o/'/$' 'o *o #o
&$*/! '+/ M/*" Co&$" of I$*" A'@ 1954. I' =# !%&/*
'+' '+/ Po#'-!*&'/ M/*" E*&'"o$ R/%&'"o$#@ 2000
!o6"*/* '+/ "$"& !/&"!//$'# '+' '+/ $*"*'/#
+6/ 'o f&f". I$#&+ # '+/ S''/ /$'/$' o$'!!; 'o
'+/ #"* !/%&'"o$ $* !/&"!//$' o#'&'/# '+' #//'"o$
of $*"*'/# #+ :/ */ o$; o$ '+/ :#"# of #/$"o!"'; "'
=# :/;o$* '+/ /%"#'"6/ o/'/$/ of '+/ /! S''/
L/%"#'&!/. T+/ I$*"$ M/*" Co&$" A' $* '+/ MCI
R/%&'"o$# f!/* &$*/! '+/ #/ =/!/@ !%&/* '+/ =!"'
/'"'"o$/!#-!/#o$*/$'# +/!/"$@ !/f/!:/ o$; 'o E$'!; 44 of
L"#' I of S/6/$'+ S+/*&/. A$; /%"#'"o$ /$'/* :; '+/
S''/ L/%"#'&!/ "$ //!"#/ of "'# o=/! &$*/! E$'!; 25 "$
L"#' III =# #&:/' 'o $; = 'o '+/ o$'!!; ##/* :; '+/
P!"/$' "$ //!"#/ of "'# o=/! &$*/! E$'!; 44 of L"#' I.
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T+' '+/ S''/ A' =# !/#/!6/* fo! o$#"*/!'"o$ of '+/
P!/#"*/$' $* '+' "' +# !//"6/* '+/ ##/$' of H"#
E//$; "$ '/!# of A!'"/ 252( of '+/ Co$#'"'&'"o$ *"*
$o' #6/ '+/ /%"#'"o$ f!o '+/ 6"/ of /%"#'"6/
"$o/'/$/.
4. T+/ S''/ of /! o$'/#'/* '+/ /'"'"o$# $*@ inter
alia@ !%&/* '+' '+/ S''/ /$'/$' =# "$ "'+ $*
#&:#'$/ *"ff/!/$' f!o '+/ I$*"$ M/*" Co&$" A' $*
'+/ MCI R/%&'"o$#. T+/ S''/ ''/'/* 'o '"f; '+/
/%"#'"o$ &$*/! E$'!; 25 of L"#' III $* !%&/* '+' "' *o/#
$o' "$ $; $$/! o$f"' ="'+ E$'!; 44 of L"#' I. I' =#
!%&/* '+' '+/ *o"$$' &!o#/ of '+/ /%"#'"o$ &$*/!
+/$%/ o&%+' 'o :/ #//$@ $* '+' &!o#/ *"* $o'@
o!*"$% 'o '+/ S''/@ "$ $; =;@ ""$%/ &o$ '+/ C/$'!
/%"#'"o$ #o # 'o fo! $; "$'/!f/!/$/ :; '+/ Co&!'.
7. O$ :/+f of '+/ "$-#/!6"/ *o'o!# $ ''/' =#
*/ 'o '"f; '+/ /$'/$' o$ '+/ %!o&$* '+'@ :&'@ fo!
!o6"#"o$ /!"''"$% &o' fo! #/!6"/ #"!$'# fo!
*"##"o$ 'o o#'-%!*&'/ o&!#/# "' =o&* :/ *"ff"&' 'o
o/'/ ="'+ f!/#+ %!*&'/# =+o ; :/ */";
:/''/! off '+$ $*"*'/# =+o +6/ #"$/ o$% %"6/$ &
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'+/"! #'&*"/# $* */6o'/* '+/#/6/# /$'"!/; 'o '+/ #/!6"/
of '+/ /o/ ' !%/ #o/ of '+/ "$+:"'"$% "$ !/o'/ $*
*"ff"&' !/# of '+/ S''/.
8. T+/ M/*" Co&$" of I$*" =+o =# !!;/* #
!/#o$*/$' "$ '+/ =!"' /'"'"o$#@ +o=/6/!@ #&o!'/* '+/
#/ of '+/ =!"'-/'"'"o$/!# !/#o$*/$'# +/!/"$( 'o o"$' o&'
'+' '+/ MCI R/%&'"o$# '/%o!"; o#'&'/ '+'
#'&*/$'# fo! o#'-%!*&'/ o&!#/ $ :/ #//'/* o$; o$
'+/ :#"# of '+/"! inter se*/" /!"'. A$; o'+/! /'+o*
of #//'"o$ "#@ '+/!/fo!/@ :; $//##!; ""'"o$ fo!:"**/$.
I$#&+ # '+/ S''/ L/%"#'"o$ +# ''/'/* 'o
"$'!o*&/ $o'+/! /'+o* of #//'"o$ =+"+ +# '+/ /ff/'
of #&:6/!'"$% '+/ MCI R/%&'"o$# '+/ "&%$/* /$'/$'
=# :*.
9. T+/ H"%+ Co&!' of /! +#@ :; '+/ &*%/$' $*
o!*/! "&%$/* "$ '+/#/ /#@ %!//* "$ !"$"/ '+'
*"##"o$ 'o o#'-%!*&'/ o&!#/# $ :/ */ o$; o$ '+/
:#"# of inter se#/$"o!"'; !o6"*/* '+/ $*"*'/# /! "$
'+/ oo$ /$'!$/ /"$'"o$ $* &"f;. I' +# !/;"$%
&o$ '+/ */"#"o$# of '+"# Co&!' "$ Dr. Preeti Srivastava &
anr. v. State of M.P. & ors. (1999) 7 SCC 120 $*
10
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State of M.P. & Ors. v. Gopal D. Tirthani & Ors.
(200) 7 SCC !+/* '+' '+/ !/#!"'"o$ of $ /$'!$/
/"$'"o$ ="'+ "$"& /"%":""'; !
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off"/!# o$; =+o +6/ /!/* "$ '+/ oo$ /$'!$/
'/#' of o#'-%!*&'/ /*" /*&'"o$ $* o:'"$/* '+/
"$"& /"%":""'; :/$+ !< "$ '+' '/#' "$ '/!# of '+/
MCI R/%&'"o$#. T+/ H"%+ Co&!' +/*G
The conclusion is that the /rovision in Section &(0+of the State "ct that the select list of in-servicemedical officers for /ostgraduate medical educationshall e strictl on the asis of seniorit is su,ect tothe reuirement that such selection can e madeonl from among those in-service medical officerswho have undergone the common entrance test for/ostgraduate medical education and have otainedthe minimum eligiilit ench mar? in that test interms of the MC! Degulations. !t is so declared.hese writ /etitions are allowed to that e4tent.B
11. T+/ !/#/$' /# ##" '+/ o!!/'$/## of '+/ :o6/
o!*/! $* &*%/$'.
12. R/%&'"o$ 9 of '+/ R/%&'"o$# f!/* &$*/! '+/ MCI
A'@ inter alia@ !o6"*/# '+' *"##"o$ 'o o#'-%!*&'/
/*" o&!#/# #+ :/ */ #'!"'; o$ '+/ :#"# of inter
se*/" /!"' of '+/ $*"*'/#. T+/ R/%&'"o$ f&!'+/!
#'"&'/# '+/ /'+o*oo%; fo! */'/!"$"$% '+/ */"
/!"' of '+/ $*"*'/. I' !/*#G
Selection of Postgraduate Students
($+ (a+ Students for Postgraduate medical courses
shall e selected strictl on the asis of their inter-se"cademic Merit.
12
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(+ &)E of seats in Post 1raduate 9i/lomaCourse shall e reserved for Medical Officersin the 1overnment service# who have servedfor at least three ears in remote and difficultareas. "fter acuiring the P1 9i/loma# the
Medical Officers shall serve for two moreears in remote andFor difficult areas.
(*+ 7or determining the B"cademic MeritB# theUniversitF!nstitution ma ado/t the followingmethodologies5
(a+ On the asis of merit as determined a @Com/etitive estA conducted the stategovernment or the com/etent authorita//ointed the state government or the
universitFgrou/ of universities in the samestate; or
(+ On the asis of merit as determined a centralised com/etitive test held at thenational level; or
(c+ On the asis of the individualcumulative /erformance at the first# secondand third M>>S e4aminations /rovidedadmissions are Universit wise; or
(d+ Comination of (a+ and (c+.
Provided that wherever @ac?ward Classes.
Provided further that in Non-1overnmentalinstitutions fift /ercent of the total seats shall efilled the com/etent authorit notified theState 1overnment and the remaining fift /ercent the management(s+ of the institution on the asis ofinter-se "cademic Merit.
7urther /rovided that in determining the meritand the entrance test for /ostgraduate admissionweightage in the mar?s e given as an incentive at
the rate of $)E of the mar?s otained for each ear
1)
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in service in remote or difficult areas u/to thema4imum of 3)E of the mar?s otained.A
1). T+/ :o6/ /6/# $o $$/! of *o&:' '+' *"##"o$#
'o o#'-%!*&'/ /*" o&!#/# +6/ 'o :/ */ o$; o$
'+/ :#"# of */" /!"' of '+/ $*"*'/#. I' "# /!
f!o #&:-R/%&'"o$ 2( #&!( '+' fo! */'/!"$"$% '+/
*/" /!"' '+/ &$"6/!#"';"$#'"'&'"o$ $ *o' $; of
'+/ /'+o*oo%"/# #'"&'/* '+/!/"$. I$ '/!# of !o6"#o 1(
'o R/%&'"o$ 9@ %/$/! '/%o!; $*"*'/# ' #/&!/
50 !
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o$; :#"# fo! #&+ *"##"o$#. To '+/ /!fo!$/ "$ '+/
/$'!$/ '/#' $ :/ **/* =/"%+'%/ o$ o&$' of !&!
#/!6"/ !/$*/!/* :; '+/ $*"*'/# "$ '+/ $$/! $* 'o '+/
/'/$' "$*"'/* "$ '+/ '+"!* !o6"#o 'o R/%&'"o$ 9. S&ff"/
"' 'o #; '+' :&' fo! '+/ "&%$/* /%"#'"o$
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$* M*!# U$"6/!#"'; A' vis-a-vis Co&$" fo! T/+$"
E*&'"o$ A'@ 1987. T+"# Co&!' +/* '+' '+/ C/$'! A' =#
"$'/$*/* 'o +"/6/ '+/ o:/' of oo!*"$'/* $* "$'/%!'/*
*/6/o/$' of '+/ '/+$" /*&'"o$ #;#'/ ' /6/#
'+!o&%+o&' '+/ o&$'!; ="'+ 6"/= 'o !oo'"$% &"''"6/
"!o6//$' of #&+ /*&'"o$. T+"# Co&!' f&!'+/! +/* '+'
'+/ C/$'! A' $/;@ A I$*" Co&$" fo! T/+$"
E*&'"o$ A'@ 1987 =# ="'+"$ '+/ #o/ of E$'!; 44 of L"#' I
$* E$'!; 25 of L"#' III $* '+' o$ '+/ #&:/' o6/!/* :; '+/
#''&'/ '+/ S''/ o&* $/"'+/!
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means harmonisation with a view to forge a uniform/attern for a concerted action according to a certaindesign# scheme or /lan of develo/ment. !t# therefore#includes action not onl for removal of dis/arities instandards ut also for /reventing the occurrence of
such dis/arities. !t would# therefore# also include/ower to do all things which are necessar to/revent what would ma?e @coordinationA eitherim/ossile or difficult. his /ower is asolute andunconditional and in the asence of an validcom/elling reasons# it must e given its full effectaccording to its /lain and e4/ress intention.
(ii+ o the e4tent that the State legislation is inconflict with the Central legislation though the
former is /ur/orted to have een made under
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case ma e# although the a//licant satisfies thestandards or ualifications laid down the Centrallaw# the act unconstitutionall. So also when theState authorities de-recognise or disaffiliate aninstitution for not satisfing the standards or
reuirement laid down them# although it satisfiedthe norms and reuirements laid down theCentral authorit# the State authorities act illegall.B
.
17. I$ Dr. Preeti Srivastava #&!( o$/ of '+/ &/#'"o$#
'+' f/ fo! o$#"*/!'"o$ =# =+/'+/! '+/ #'$*!* of
/*&'"o$ $* *"##"o$ !"'/!" o&* :/ "* &$*/! E$'!;
25 of L"#' III :; C/$'! L/%"#'"o$. A Co$#'"'&'"o$ B/$+ of
'+"# Co&!' :; o!"'; +/* '+' #'$*!* of /*&'"o$ $*
*"##"o$ !"'/!" o&* :/ "* *o=$ &$*/! E$'!; 44 of L"#' I
$* &$*/! E$'!; 25 of L"#' III. I' =# +/* '+' :o'+ '+/ U$"o$
# =/ # '+/ S''/ +6/ '+/ o=/! 'o /%"#'/ o$ /*&'"o$
"$&*"$% /*" /*&'"o$ $* '+/ S''/ +# '+/ !"%+' 'o
o$'!o /*&'"o$ #o f! # '+/ f"/* "# $o' o&"/* :; $;
&$"o$ /%"#'"o$. 3+/$ '+/ "& !
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o$ '+/ !/'/' o! !/'/$/ of &:" "$'/!/#'. S/
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State# im/inge on standards in institutions for highereducation. >ecause this is e4clusivel within the/urview of the Union 1overnment. herefore# while/rescriing the criteria for admission to theinstitutions for higher education including higher
medical education# the State cannot adversel affectthe standards laid down the Union of !ndia under
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(J+ the standard of e4aminations held including themanner in which the /a/ers are set and e4aminedand the clinical /erformance is ,udged.B
/+#"# #&"/*(
18. T+"# Co&!' f&!'+/! +/* '+' MCI +* f!/* !/%&'"o$#
"$ //!"#/ of '+/ o=/! o$f/!!/* &$*/! S/'"o$ 20 !/*
="'+ S/'"o$ )) of '+/ M/*" Co&$" of I$*" A' =+"+
o6/!/* o#'-%!*&'/ /*" /*&'"o$. T+/#/ !/%&'"o$#
!/ :"$*"$% $* '+/ S''/# $$o'@ "$ //!"#/ of '+/"! o=/!
&$*/! E$'!; 25 of L"#' III@ # o=/! 'o f!/ !&/# /!'"$"$% 'o /*&'"o$ =#
"$ $; #/ #&:/' 'o $; !o6"#"o$ */ "$ '+' o$$/'"o$
:; '+/ &$"o$ %o6/!$/$'. T+/ Co&!' o:#/!6/*G
,2. Mr. Salve# learned counsel a//earing for theMedical Council of !ndia has# therefore# rightlsumitted that under the !ndian Medical Council "ctof $%&' the !ndian Medical Council is em/owered to/rescrie# inter alia# standards of /ostgraduatemedical education. !n the e4ercise of its /owersunder Section *) read with Section 33 the !ndianMedical Council has framed regulations which govern/ostgraduate medical education. hese regulations#
therefore# are inding and the States cannot# in thee4ercise of /ower under
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rules and regulations which are in conflict with oradversel im/inge u/on the regulations framed the Medical Council of !ndia for /ostgraduate medicaleducation. Since the standards laid down are in thee4ercise of the /ower conferred under
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*"ff/!/$'". T+/ &!o#/ #o&%+' 'o :/ +"/6/* :; #&+
##"f"'"o$ =# &*:/ &!o#/ # #&+ $*"*'/#
=o&*@ f'/! '+/; &"!/ +"%+/! */" +"/6//$'#@ :/
6":/ 'o :/ o#'/* "$ !&! !/# :; '+/ S''/
o6/!$/$'. H6"$% #"* '+'@ '+"# Co&!' +/* '+' '+/!/ $
:/ $o !/'"o$ fo! "$-#/!6"/ $*"*'/# "$ #o f! # '+/
oo$ /$'!$/ '/#' "# o$/!$/* $* MCI !/%&'"o$ o&*
$o' :/ !//* fo! '+' &!o#/. T+/ !%&/$' '+' "$-
#/!6"/ $*"*'/# !/ */'+/* f!o '+/o!/'" #'&*; $*
$$o'@ '+/!/fo!/@ o/'/ ="'+ o'+/! $*"*'/# =#
!//'/* :; '+"# Co&!'. T+/ foo="$% ##%/#@ "$ '+"# !/%!*@
!/ o#"'/G
2,.he eligiilit test# called the entrance test orthe /re-P1 test# is conducted with dual /ur/oses.7irstl# it is held with the o,ect of assessing the?nowledge and intelligence uotient of a candidatewhether he would e ale to /rosecute /ostgraduatestudies if allowed an o//ortunit of doing so;secondl# it is for the /ur/ose of assessing the meritinter se of the candidates which is of vital
significance at the counselling when it comes toallotting the successful candidates to differentdisci/lines wherein the seats are limited and somedisci/lines are considered to e more cream andare more coveted than the others. he conce/t of aminimum ualifing /ercentage cannot# therefore#e given a com/lete go-. !f at all there can ede/arture# that has to e minimal and that too onl a//roval of e4/erts in the field of medicaleducation# which for the /resent are availale as aod in the Medical Council of !ndia.
2
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2/. he Medical Council of !ndia# for the /resent#insists# through its Degulations# on a commonentrance test eing conducted whereat the minimumualifing mar?s would e &)E. he State of MadhaPradesh must com/l with the reuirements of the
Degulations framed the Medical Council of !ndiaand hold a common entrance test even if there aretwo se/arate channels of entr and allow clearanceonl to such candidates who secure the minimumualifing mar?s as /rescried the MC!Degulations. !f the State has a case for ma?ing ade/arture from such rule or for carving out ane4ce/tion in favour of an classification then it is forthe State to re/resent to the Central 1overnmentandFor the Medical Council of !ndia and ma?e out acase of ,ustification consistentl with the aforeuotedoservation of this Court in 9aanand MedicalCollege and 6os/ital case.B
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