Download - Julian Soper - Arup
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Engineering Design Challenges
School Planning, Design + Construction Conference
Julian Soper
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Contents
Why up rather
than outEngineering
design challenges
Thoughts for the
future
Drivers
Opportunities
Precedents
People movement & safety
Open plan learning &
flexibility
Environmental control &
access to outside spaces and
daylight
User controls & facility
management
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Why up rather than out
Drivers
Urban
densification
Larger school
sizes
Population
increases
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Why up rather
than out
Opportunities for
Vertical Schools
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Why up rather
than out
Precedents – Completed
St George School
Perth, WA
Arup- structures
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Why up rather
than out
Precedents – Completed
Singapore School
of the Arts
Arup- Acoustics, facades
fire engineering
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Why up rather
than out
Precedents - Currently
in Design
CBD High School
Adelaide, SA
Arup- facades, lighting
Pedestrian modelling
© Cox
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Paran School
Richmond School
South Melbourne,
Vic
Arup- client
advisory
© Hayball
Arthur Philip High
School
Sydney, NSW
Arup- all
engineering
© GRIMSHAW & BVN
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Engineering design challenges
User controls &
facility
management
People movement
& safety
Open plan
learning &
flexibility
Environmental control
& access to outside
spaces and daylight
Challenging
Conventional
Norms
How Engineering
Can Drive the
Brief
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Engineering
design challenges
People movement
& safety
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People movement &
safety
Vertical Transportation
stair usage
Stair usage
Levels walked
60%1
36%
2
22%
3
13%4
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Timetabling
Performance targets and references
People movement &
safety
Vertical Transportation
Performance
Guidelines
Morning
up peak
Class period
change
Lunch Afternoon
down peak
Handling
capacity (% of
total building
population
during peak 5
min period
15% 33% 25% 25%
Direction of
travel
100% Up (entry
from ground
floor)
10% entry from
ground floor
10% exit at
ground floor
80% inter-floor
100% exit at
ground floor
100% entry
from ground
floor (end of
break)
100% down
(exit to ground
floor)
Lift Utilisation 90% 25% 60% 80%
Average waiting
interval
< 60 Seconds
Car loading < 80%
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Fire floor Non-fire floor Section view
Motorised louvres &
self-closing doors
closed in fire mode
Motorised louvres &
self-closing doors
closed in fire mode
“Smoke-exhaust”
during fire mode
Supply air +20 PA
Supply air +20 PA
Supply air +20 PA
Supply air +20 PA
Supply air +20 PA
Supply air +20 PA
Supply air +20 PA
Supply air +20 PA
Supply air +20 PA
Supply air +20 PA
Supply air +20 PA
Supply air +20 PA
Supply air +20 PA
Supply air +20 PA
Supply air +20 PA
Smoke exhaust
“Pressurisation”
during fire mode
People Movement &
Safety
Fire Engineering
Conventional Design
Solution
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- Close louvres in façade at high level.
- Leave low level doors / louvres manual.
“Smoke-exhaust”
during fire modeSmoke
exhaust
Openings
remain in place
No penetrations
internally between floors.
Smoke does not spread to
non fire floors.
Natural ventilation
from low level
Smoke
exhaust
Close louvres at
high level
Natural ventilation at
low level
Natural ventilation at
low level
Close louvres at
high level
People Movement &
Safety
Fire Engineering
Fire Engineered
Solution- smoke
control system &
stair pressurisation
system
Fire floor Non-fire floor Section view
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Engineering
design challenges
Open plan learning &
flexibility
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Open plan learning
& flexibility
Acoustics
General level of noise
that could interfere with
student listening
Noise from
outside
Noise from
students
Noise from
teachers in
other areas
Noise from
plant and
equipment
Noise from
non-verbal
activities
(STEAM,
Kitchens, etc.)
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Open plan learning
& flexibility
Acoustics
Existing Guidance
Recommendations given in DG11
although limited guidance for
open plan schools
Additional guidance in
BB93 from the UK and an
associated guideline
recently issued
Important ongoing
topic of research
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0
10
20
30
40
50
60
70
80
125 250 500 1000 2000 4000 8000
So
und
Po
wer
Lev
el,
dB
Octave Band, Hz
Occupied Sound Levels – per Student
Measured - Year 5 Measured - Year 7 Measured - Year 9 Measured - Year 12 BB93
Note much higher noise levels
measured
Open plan learning
& flexibility
Acoustics
Student Noise
Noise level assumed
In BB93
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STI >0.6
to clearly understand
wanted speech
STI <0.3
to avoid disruption from
unwanted speech
Open plan learning
& flexibility
Acoustics
Acoustic Separation
Speech
intelligibility
targets
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Typical spaces intended for
teacher instruction / discussion /
focussed learning
Open plan learning
& flexibility
Acoustics
Learning Scenarios© GRIMSHAW & BVN
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Reading
Open plan learning
& flexibility
Acoustics / Audio Visual
Learning Scenarios
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Open plan learning
& flexibility
Acoustics / Audio Visual
Learning Scenarios
Masterclass and Workshop
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Open plan learning
& flexibility
Acoustics / Audio Visual
Learning Scenarios
Lecture / presentation
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Open plan learning
& flexibility
Acoustics / Audio Visual
Learning Scenarios
Guided reading &
Explicit Learning
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Engineering Design
Challenges
Environmental control &
access to outside spaces
and daylight
© GRIMSHAW & BVN
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Environmental
control & access to
outside spaces and
daylight
Daylight & Natural
Ventilation
Deep plan- floor to floor heights
Floor to ceiling height > Floorplate depth/3
© GRIMSHAW & BVN
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Environmental
control & access to
outside spaces and
daylight
Mixed Mode Ventilation
Operative Temperatures (Peak Summer) HVAC Future Flexibility
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Typical Homebase and Mezzanine
7.2mLevel 4
Level 4 Mezz
Level 5
Steel construction with Hollowcore floors
Larger spaces in a
Tower
Structures
Structural Flexibility
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Engineering Design
Challenges
User controls & facility
management
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User controls &
facility management
Mixed Mode
Ventilation Controls
During occupied hours
<160C
28%
>250C
15%
Cooling
Heating
Natural
Ventilation
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User controls &
facility management
Mixed Mode
Ventilation Controls
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User controls &
facility management
ESD
Facilities Management
Energy Usage
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Designing for
Continuous Change
60/40 split- designed/not designed
at the start
Prototyping
Experience based design - student
consultation rather than teacher
consultation
Alternative procurement methods
Thoughts for the Future
© GRIMSHAW & BVN
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Thoughts for the Future
Future Adaption
Treating education facilities as
an asset portfolio
Changing use dependent on
local need
Education/Commercial/Retail/
Mixed Use
Thoughts for the Future
© GRIMSHAW & BVN
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Thank You
© GRIMSHAW© GRIMSHAW & BVN