Dimensions of Iden,ty, Trust & Privacy as Socio-‐Cultural & Psychological Phenomena 16 August 2012
Dr. Karmen Guevara
Computer Laboratory
Cambridge University
Introduc,on
Overview
¤ The dynamics of iden/ty.
¤ The contours of privacy.
¤ The phenomena of trust.
¤ A digital world: shi;ing contexts, no/ons & defini/ons.
¤ Digital enigmata.
¤ A cogni/ve architecture.
Focus
¤ Iden/ty: The backdrop for trust & privacy.
¤ Changes in behaviour -‐ digital experiences.
¤ Psycogni/on: A socio-‐cultural systemic perspec/ve of behaviours.
¤ Subconscious processes driving behaviours.
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Thursday, 16 August 2012 Dr. Karmen Guevara
Forma,on of Iden,ty Model of Organisa,on of Experience
Presence & Belonging
Rela,onship
Contribu,on Who
Am I?
Who
I am
.
Realms
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Thursday, 16 August 2012 Dr. Karmen Guevara
Dimensions of Iden,ty
Dynamic Feedback Loop Time Con,nuum
Who I was Who I am Who I can be
Past Present Future
Focus of Iden,ty Search
Internal Process
External Process
Con%nual Search for Iden%ty
Iden,ty: Accumula,ve Over Time
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Who am I?
Data Collec,on
Who I am
Add Subtract Content
Thursday, 16 August 2012 Dr. Karmen Guevara
Explora,on of
Realms
Dynamic Tension of Iden,ty
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Thursday, 16 August 2012 Dr. Karmen Guevara
Dynamic Tension – A Dilemma
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Thursday, 16 August 2012 Dr. Karmen Guevara
Contours of Privacy
§ Collec/on § Unauthorised use § Incorrect § Modified
§ Inaccurate
§ CFIP
§ Universal* § Cultural & Social Contexts
§ Social rules:* § Respect: key
rela/onships
§ Open Kimono
§ ‘Honesty’ § Revela/on Game
§ Collateral
§ Concealment
§ Secrets § Lies
§ Relax § Autonomy
§ Escape § Self-‐Evalua/on § Iden/ty &
Individuality*
Informa,on Cultural Socio-‐ Nego,ate
Protect Retreat Confessional
§ Off-‐load § Purifica/on § Clean Slate § Anonymous
*Altman 1977 *Argyle et al 1985
*Altman 1975 *Wes/n 1967 7 *Smith et al 1996
Thursday, 16 August 2012 Dr. Karmen Guevara
Psychological Contour of Privacy
Core Privacy Func,ons
¤ Inherent in human nature.*
¤ Personal Autonomy
¤ Protec,on
¤ Hide & Escape
¤ Iden,ty Preserva,on
Privacy Behaviours
* Schneier
¤ Control & Regulate
¤ Contextual & Situa,onal
¤ Back-‐Stage – Front-‐Stage*
¤ Islands of Privacy*
*Erving Goffman *Christena Nippert-‐Eng
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Thursday, 16 August 2012 Dr. Karmen Guevara
The Phenomenon of Trust
IDENTITY
TRUST
TRUST
TRUST
PRIVACY
Goal: Expecta,on of individual & simultaneous
coopera,on.*
Objec,ve uncertainty transformed into subjec,ve
certainty.*
*Luhmann 1973 *Pruia/Kimmel 1977 9
Thursday, 16 August 2012 Dr. Karmen Guevara
Trust Heuris,cs
Psycogni,ve
¤ Biological programming.
¤ Trust default – manages complexity.*
¤ Innate longing for rela,onship.
¤ Dynamic tension: desire & fear.
¤ Predicated on core belief systems & cultural norms.
Contextual Behaviours
¤ Interdependence.
¤ Friendship-‐based.
¤ Social currency.
¤ Calculus-‐Iden,fica,on process.*
¤ Levels: rela,onal, generalised, abstract systems.*
*Lewicki & Wiethoff 2000 *Bierhoff & Vornefeld 2004 *Luhmann 1973
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Thursday, 16 August 2012 Dr. Karmen Guevara
Shi^ing Context: Binary to Digital IDENTITY
Who am I? Where am I? Where do I belong?
Dynamic Tension
Choices
IDENTITY CONSTRUCTION
How? Where? By Whom?
TRUST
Why? What? Whom?
PRIVACY
What? To Whom? How?
A Digital Eclipse?
The Themes
§ Ques,ons
§ Tension § Choice
§ Control
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Thursday, 16 August 2012 Dr. Karmen Guevara
Shi^ing No,ons of Iden,ty
AXES OF IDEN
TITY
Dynamic Tension
Construc,on Process
Temporal Spa,al
Boundlessness
² Speed ² Timelessness ² Invisibility ² Invincibility
² Mul/plicity ² Intersec/on ² Collapsing ² Convergence
Desire: More Now
² Content ² Connect ² Communicate
Fear: Diminishment
² The; ² Abused ² Exposure ² Protect
Spiral Process
² Con/nuous ² Accelera/ng ² Decreasing ² Increasing
Fluidity ² Infinite possibili/es ² Freedom ² Anonymity
Organisa,on of
Experience
Dynamic Tension
Rapid Expansion of
Realms
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Thursday, 16 August 2012 Dr. Karmen Guevara
Integral Perspec,ve
INTER-‐SUBJECTIVE
CULTURAL INTER-‐OBJECTIVE SOCIO-‐SYSTEMIC
SUBJECTIVE PSYCOGNITIVE
OBJECTIVE BEHAVIOURAL
Search
Feedback Loop
Dynamic Tension
Disembodiment Masking
Exploratory
Power of Choice
New Rules of Construc,on
Erase & Reinvent
New Heuris,cs
Dumbing Down
Social Currency
Brain Wiring
Closing trust gap
Privacy Paradox
Basic need
End of Anonymity
Choice & Control
Privacy Train Wreck
Ques,oning
Construc,on
IDENTITY
TRUST PRIVACY
Digital Breadcrumbs
Innate
Add -‐Subtract
Freedom
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Disclosure Push
Thursday, 16 August 2012 Dr. Karmen Guevara
CORE
Digital Enigmata
¤ Iden,ty: § The core of the human existen,al ques,oning & search for
iden,ty & place in the world remains.
§ The axes of iden,ty are impacted by velocity & virtual realms which appear to be strengthening the core.
§ Manifesta,on behaviours are transforma,ve at several levels & possibly are transitory in nature.
§ Will the core of the human psyche shi^ in the midst of rapidly expanding digital domains, digital rela,onships, behaviours & intrusions?
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Thursday, 16 August 2012 Dr. Karmen Guevara
Digital Enigmata
¤ Trust
§ An interrup,on of the trust cycle occurs through a closing of the distrust-‐trust gap.
§ The redefini,on of social currency leads to trustworthy behaviours, thus fostering trust online.
§ The innate propensity to trust is triggered & s,mulated by online interac,ons.
§ Will a specific dimension of Internet trust emerge?
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Thursday, 16 August 2012 Dr. Karmen Guevara
Digital Enigmata
¤ Privacy
§ A privacy conspiracy clashes with user ambiguity & naivety -‐ignorance.
§ With the strengthening of online trust, will privacy take on a new dimension with a clear defini,on in online domains?
§ A lack of privacy has become a social norm. What other new social norms could arise from socio-‐cultural psychological ‘aberra,ons’?
§ What is the future of privacy? Will the ‘virtual’ transcend the need for privacy?
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Thursday, 16 August 2012 Dr. Karmen Guevara
16/08/2012 Dr. Karmen Guevara
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EXTERNAL SOCIO-‐SYSTEMIC DOMAIN
Digital Experiences
Psycogni,ve Layered Architecture
Digital Domains
Digital Condi,ons
Digital Behaviours
Quest Ques,oning
Ac,ng Act
INTERNAL PSYCOGNITIVE DOMAIN
Iden,ty Privacy & Trust
Subconscious & Core Belief
Systems
Impacts on core human condi,on
Iden,ty Crea,on
Presence Belonging
Rela,onship Contribu,on
Broadening of Frameworks
¤ Frameworks for understanding the systemic co-‐evolu/on of the Internet within socio-‐cultural Psycogni/ve dimensions.
¤ Frameworks for understanding the core root of emerging digital behaviours.
Social Cultural
Digital Psycogni,on A Systemic
Understanding
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Thursday, 16 August 2012 Dr. Karmen Guevara