Download - Karnataka Horti Produce - Rabo Bank
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National Horticulture MissionNational Horticulture MissionNational Horticulture MissionNational Horticulture Mission
Revised Action Plan for Revised Action Plan for Revised Action Plan for Revised Action Plan for KKKKaaaarnatakarnatakarnatakarnataka
Prepared byPrepared byPrepared byPrepared by
Rabo India Finance Pvt. LtdRabo India Finance Pvt. LtdRabo India Finance Pvt. LtdRabo India Finance Pvt. Ltd
fffforororor
Ministry of AgricultureMinistry of AgricultureMinistry of AgricultureMinistry of Agriculture
Government of IndiaGovernment of IndiaGovernment of IndiaGovernment of India
SeptemberSeptemberSeptemberSeptember 2005 2005 2005 2005
Bidar
Raichu
Belgaum
Bijapur
Gulbarga
Bagalk
Bellary
Haveri Davange
Shimoga
Udupi
Chitradurga
Chickmagal
South Kannada
Kolar
Hassan
Mysore
Bangalore Urban
Tumkur
Koppal Gada
Dharwad
North Kannada
Mandy
Chamarajnagar
Bangalore Rural
Kodag
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Table of ContentsTable of ContentsTable of ContentsTable of Contents
1. Introduction..3
2. Potential of Horticulture in West Bengal..5
3. Demand Supply situation of horticultural products in West Bengal .15
4. Market Linkages.18
Food Parks
AEZs
Mandis
Processing units
Cold storages
5. Selection of Crops for intervention and rationale.27
6. Prioritization of crop clusters 30
7. Recommended Action Plan for 2005-06 ..31
8. Annexure I: Summary plans for three years .53
9. Annexure II: Crop Clusters..64
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Chapter 1Chapter 1Chapter 1Chapter 1
IntroductionIntroductionIntroductionIntroduction
1.1 Background1.1 Background1.1 Background1.1 Background
Rabo India was appointed by Ministry of Agriculture to review action plan submitted by
the state. Ministry of Agriculture circulated operational guidelines to the States detailing
Mission objectives, structure, procedures for approval and implementation, ongoing
schemes, mission intervention and management and overall targets under NHM. Based
on the guidelines, states have submitted their reports.
The objective of the review is to develop a demand driven approach for horticultural
products. The review included the following:
Identification of Market linkages of production areas in each of the states with
o Agri Export Zones
o Food Parks
o Existing processing facilities
o Terminal Markets
o Existing mandis
Mapping of production clusters of various horticultural crops with markets
Prioritization of crops and clusters
Identification of quality and varietal issues as per the market needs
Identify missing links between farmers and processors, traders and retailers
1.2 Methodology1.2 Methodology1.2 Methodology1.2 Methodology
Rabo Bank discussed the initial plan with state horticulture department. It was followed
by collection of data for mapping market linkages (Food Parks, AEZs, Processing
facilities, pack houses, cold storages, mandis). Rabo Bank held discussions with other
stakeholders including processors with facilities in the state and traders in mandis. Rabo
Bank used its existing databases and international network to have detailed discussion
with the processors operating in the state to analyze problems related to Fruits and
Vegetable processing, sourcing, infrastructure and regulation governing the state. Rabo
Bank also interacted with researchers and scientists of renowned Agricultural
Universities operating in the State, taking a cross reference on the cultivation technique,
possibility and nature of the intervention sought.
1.3 Guiding Principals under NHM1.3 Guiding Principals under NHM1.3 Guiding Principals under NHM1.3 Guiding Principals under NHM
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The horticulture sector has contributed significantly to GDP in agriculture. The
objectives of the National Horticulture Mission is to double the horticulture production
by 2011-12.
The Mission will focus on select crops and few districts in the state, concentrating
resources in select districts for overall Horticultural development. The objective is to
bring select crops and districts in prominence in the state horticultural map. The
Mission would adopt an end-to-end approach covering production, post harvest
management, processing and marketing to assure appropriate returns to
growers/producers; promote Research and Development (R&D) of technologies for
production, post-harvest management and processing in potential belts/clusters;
Enhance acreage, coverage, and productivity in potential belts/clusters; Adopt a
coordinated approach and promote partnership, convergence and synergy among R&D,
processing and marketing agencies in public as well as private sectors, at all levels;
promote, where appropriate, National Dairy Development Board model of cooperatives
to ensure support and adequate returns to farmers; Facilitate capacity-building and
Human Resource Development. State and sub-state level structures will be evolved,
keeping in view the need for getting adequate returns for the produce of the farmers
and eliminating middlemen to the extent possible.
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ChaChaChaChapter 2pter 2pter 2pter 2
Horticulture in KarnatakaHorticulture in KarnatakaHorticulture in KarnatakaHorticulture in Karnataka
2.1. Introduction2.1. Introduction2.1. Introduction2.1. Introduction
Karnataka is the eighth largest State in the country and it is located in southern
peninsular India, with a geographical area of 190.50 lakh hac., accounting for 5.84% of
the total geographical area of the country. The State consists of 27 districts with 175
taluks. Karnataka is a maritime State with a coastline of 287 kms. covering the districts
of Uttara Kannada, Dakshina Kannada and Udupi with nine ports excluding new
Mangalore port. Except Karwar, the remaining ports are riverine ports which need to be
developed for cost efficient movement of goods. The State has a road length of 1.49
lakh kms. and a railway route length of 3041 kms.
The Economy of Karnataka is well diversified and according to the Economic Survey
2003-04 Karnataka contributes 5.0% to National NDP. Agriculture in Karnataka
contributes 26.7% of the State GDP and employs 71% of total workforce. The land
topography is suited for agriculture and 83% of area (Soil types) is suitable for
agriculture. The State has a high geographical diversity with ten agro climatic zones. The
Net sown area is 54% of the total Geographic area against the national average of 46%.
The Gross cropped area has exceeded 116 lakh hac with a cropping intensity of 112%.
Small and marginal farmers accounts for 73% of total holdings and 34% of net cultivated
land. Though Agro climatically suited, water is a main constraint in horticultural
development. Irrigation covers 25% of the net cropped area and remaining 75% is
rainfed. Horticulture crop covers 14.8% of the net cultivable area in the State with an
annual production of 118.2 lakh tones. Horticulture contributes 40% of the agriculture
income and 80% of the agricultural exports.
2.2. 2.2. 2.2. 2.2. AgroAgroAgroAgro----Climatic Zones/RegionsClimatic Zones/RegionsClimatic Zones/RegionsClimatic Zones/Regions
As per the Agro-climatic Regional Planning (ACRP) of Planning Commission, Government
of India, Karnataka State falls in Zone X (Southern Plateau and Hiils Region) and Zone XII
(West Coast Plains and Ghat Region). Within the State, there are 10 agro-climatic zones.
Based on physio-graphic features, Karnataka can broadly be divided into four regions
viz., Coastal, Malnadu (Hilly), Northern Plateau and Southern Plateau Regions. The
Coastal Region lies between the Western Ghats and the Arabian Sea. It is a narrow region
with a maximum width of 40 km. It has elevations upto a maximum of 200 m. The
Malnad region comprises steep ranges with valleys and hills running almost parallel to
the coast. It is thickly vegetated with evergreen forests and receives moderate rainfall.
The Northern Plateau region is almost a flat terrain with elevations ranging from 300 m.
to 650 m. It falls in the rain shadow region and is prone to drought. The Southern
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Plateau region has undulating and rolling topographic features with sporadic hills. It has
elevations ranging from 600 m. to 1000 m.
2.3. 2.3. 2.3. 2.3. Irrigation Irrigation Irrigation Irrigation
The normal rainfall in the State is in the range of 1100 mm to 1200mm. According to
the revised estimate of Central Ground Water Board, ultimate irrigation potential in the
State through ground water resources is 28.58 lakh ha. The ultimate irrigation potential
is estimated at 73.58 lakh ha. including 38.58 lakh ha. under minor irrigation sector and
35.0 lakh ha. under medium and major irrigation sectors. The total irrigation potential
created in Karnataka is 29.73 lakh ha. including 20.15 lakh ha. under major and
medium irrigation projects and 9.58 lakh ha. under minor irrigation projects using
surface water resource. The present stage of development of irrigation resources is only
40.4%, thereby indicating the scope for further development of irrigation infrastructure
in the State for strengthening and stabilizing agricultural production, especially in the
back drop of the prevalent drought situation.
Out of the Net Sown Area of 104.89 lakh ha. (1998-99), the net area irrigated by all
sources was 24.92 lakh ha. The major sources of irrigation in Karnataka were canals
(38%) followed by wells (19%), borewells (18%), tanks (10%) and lift irrigation (4%).
Region-wise net irrigated area by various sources in the State is furnished in Exhibit 2.A.
Exhibit 2.A.Exhibit 2.A.Exhibit 2.A.Exhibit 2.A. [Area in lakh
ha.]
Region Canals Tanks Wells Bore
Wells LI
Other
sources Total
NIA as %
of
NSA
Coastal 0.14 0.41 0.03 0.03 0.64 1.25 36.76
Malnad 0.81 1.00 0.05 0.25 0.02 0.21 2.35 22.97
Northern
Plateau
5.76 0.51 3.29 1.90 0.80 1.62 13.88 22.64
Southern
Plateau
2.95 0.90 1.04 2.31 0.13 0.11 7.44 24.84
Total 9.52 2.55 4.79 4.50 0.98 2.58 24.92 23.76
Source : Directorate of Economics & Statistics, Bangalore
The trend in proportion of area irrigated by different sources indicates that the
proportion of area irrigated through wells to the total NIA is 37%, tanks 10% and canals
38%. Erratic monsoon and silting results in unscientific management practices and water
scarcity situation in the State. The rehabilitation of tanks in the State requires
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improvements in the design of tanks and also massive investments through budgetary
supports.
Due to the limited availability of water and depletion of groundwater levels in some of
the areas as also significant proportion of the area under commercial crops, water
saving devices like sprinklers and drip irrigation sets, especially in water scarce areas,
are likely to play a crucial role in future and need to be promoted to maximize overall
productivity. Conjunctive use of water resources coupled with proper drainage system
particularly in canal irrigated areas, would maximize the productivity and would also
arrest degradation of land due to water logging and salinity.
2.4. 2.4. 2.4. 2.4. CroppingCroppingCroppingCropping Intensity and Cropping Pattern Intensity and Cropping Pattern Intensity and Cropping Pattern Intensity and Cropping Pattern
The Net Sown Area in Karnataka is estimated 104.89 lakh ha. accounting for 54% of the
geographical area. Thus, the Net Sown Area as a percentage of geographical area in the
state remained near static over the 28 year period. However, during the above period,
the Net Irrigated Area as a percentage of Net Sown Area increased from 11 to 24 and the
cropping intensity increased by 11 percentage points from 106% to 117% resulting in
increase in Gross Cropped Area (GCA). This implies the need for more investments in
irrigation infrastructure for further increasing the cropping intensity and GCA in the
state. Paddy, Ragi, Jowar, Bajra, Maize, Tur, Groundnut, Sugarcane, Cotton, Arecanut and
Coconut are some of the major crops grown in the State.
2.52.52.52.5. . . . Potential of HorticulturePotential of HorticulturePotential of HorticulturePotential of Horticulture
The diverse agro-ecological conditions prevailing in the State facilitates growth of large
varieties of horticulture crops covering fruits, vegetables, flowers, spices, plantations,
roots and tuberous crops, aromatic crops, medicinal crops, oil palm etc. There has been
a significant development in horticulture sector since the last two to three decades.
There is a clear shift from Agriculture to horticulture sector which is mainly attributed to
the fact that Horticulture crops are perennial in nature and are less labour oriented and
highly remunerative. Karnataka state at the national level stands first in floriculture,
second in spice and plantation crops, third in Coconut and fifth in fruits and vegetables.
Of the total cultivated area of 108 lakh ha. in Karnataka, horticulture crops are grown in
an area of 15.30 lakh ha. with an annual production of 118 lakh tons annually.
Karnataka is endowed with congenial agro-climatic conditions prevalent in six different
agro-climatic zones such as the southern dry zone, hilly zone, coastal zone, central
transition region, northern dry zone and eastern dry zone and this has made it possible
to grow different varieties of horticulture crops. Karnataka is the first state to set up a
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separate Department of Horticulture in India for the overall development of horticulture
in the state. The major horticultural crops that are grown in the State are:
a. Fruit crops: Mango, Banana, Guava, Sapota, Grapes, Jack, Papaya, Citrus, Pineapple,
Fig, Annonaceous fruits, Avocado, Ber, rose apple
b. Vegetable crops: Potato, Tomato, Brinjal, Cole crops, Peas, Beans, Okra, Radish,
Beetroot, Carrot, Tapioca, Sweet potato, leafy vegetables, capsicum, gourds and
cucurbits
c. Plantation and Spice crops: Coffee, Arecanut, Coconut, Cashewnut, Beetlevine, Cocoa,
Pepper, Cardamom, Ginger, Turmeric etc. Vanilla is also being grown in the transitional
belt.
d. Flower crops: Traditional flower crops such as Chrysanthemum, Jasmine, Crossandra,
Rose, Tuberose, Aster, Marigold, Champaka, Roses, Gerbera, Carnation, Heliconia etc.
e. MAP crops: Medicinal plants like sarpagandha, ashwagandha, ghritakumari, ayapana,
anantamul, antamul, chirata and aromatic plants like lemon grass and Citronella.
ExhibExhibExhibExhibit 2.B. Present area and production under Horticulture cropsit 2.B. Present area and production under Horticulture cropsit 2.B. Present area and production under Horticulture cropsit 2.B. Present area and production under Horticulture crops
Sl. No. Crop Area in
lakh ha.
Production in
lakh tons
1. Fruits 2.61 41.65
2. Vegetables 3.77 66.54
3. Spices 2.45 4.97
4. Plantation crops 6.26 3.34
5. Flower crops 0.21 1.57
6. Medicinal/Aromatic crops 384/665
(in hac.)
4525/9144
(in tons)
Total 15.30 118.20
Exhibit 2.C.Exhibit 2.C.Exhibit 2.C.Exhibit 2.C.Major Production area of important fruits in KarnatakaMajor Production area of important fruits in KarnatakaMajor Production area of important fruits in KarnatakaMajor Production area of important fruits in Karnataka
Fruit Period Of Availability Main Production Areas
Mango May-June Bangalore, Tumkur, Kolar, Belgaum, Dharwad,
Haveri, Chickmagalur
Sapota May - June Hassan, Chichmagalur, Kolar, Chitradurga,
Dharwad, Belgaum
Banana Around the year Hassan, Chichmagalur, Kolar, Chitradurga,
Davangere, Tumkur
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Grapes Feb - May Koppal, Belgaum, Bijapur, Bagalkot, Bellary,
Davangere
Pomegranate June - Oct Gulbarga, Raichur, Koppal, Bijapur, Bagalkot,
Bellary, Davangere, Belgaum, Chitradurga
Exhibit 2.D. Exhibit 2.D. Exhibit 2.D. Exhibit 2.D. Production (MT) Production (MT) Production (MT) Production (MT) Exhibit 2.E. Exhibit 2.E. Exhibit 2.E. Exhibit 2.E. Area (Hac)Area (Hac)Area (Hac)Area (Hac)
Exhibit 2.F. Exhibit 2.F. Exhibit 2.F. Exhibit 2.F. Major Production area of important vegetables iMajor Production area of important vegetables iMajor Production area of important vegetables iMajor Production area of important vegetables in Karnatakan Karnatakan Karnatakan Karnataka
VEGETABLE Period Of
Availability
MAIN PRODUCTION AREAS
Tomato Around the year Bangalore, Tumkur, Kolar, Hassan, Haveri,
Davangere
Cabbage Around the year Kolar, Bangalore U, Bidar, Haveri, Hassan
Cauliflower Around the year Bangalore U & R, Kolar, Belgaum, Haveri,
Kodagu
Brinjal Around the year Gulbarga, Raichur, Hassan, Bangalore,
Bijapur, Bagalkot, Belgaum
Ladyfinger Mar - July Koppal, Belgaum, Bijapur, Mysore, Udipi,
Raichur
Gherkins Bangalore, Kolar, Tumkur, Hassan,
Chitradurg, Dharwad, Bagalkot
Rose Onion Mar May Bangalore and Kolar
Onion Mar - May Gadag, Dharwad, Belgaum, Bijapur, Bagalkot,
Bellary
Exhibit 2.G. Exhibit 2.G. Exhibit 2.G. Exhibit 2.G. Production ( MT) Production ( MT) Production ( MT) Production ( MT) Exhibit 2.H.Exhibit 2.H.Exhibit 2.H.Exhibit 2.H. Area (Hac) Area (Hac) Area (Hac) Area (Hac)
Others, 69922Pineapple, 86477
Jackfruit , 231568
Guava, 150657
Papaya, 253967
Pomegranate,
124666
Citrus, 337315
Mango, 1103677
Banana, 1289863Sapota, 223464
Grapes, 167044
Pineapple, 2142 Others, 5920
Mango, 117381
Sapota, 21013
Banana, 52560
Citrus, 14996
Jackfruit , 6777Papaya, 3808
Guava, 8079
Pomegranate,
12728
Grapes, 9721
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Karnataka is one of the largest producer of flowers in the country, the present export of
flowers from the State is valued at Rs. 35.0 crore. The focus on Rose, Chrysanthemum,
Crossandra and traditional flowers development.
Exhibit 2.I. Exhibit 2.I. Exhibit 2.I. Exhibit 2.I. Major Production area of importanMajor Production area of importanMajor Production area of importanMajor Production area of important Flowers in Karnatakat Flowers in Karnatakat Flowers in Karnatakat Flowers in Karnataka
Area CoverageArea CoverageArea CoverageArea Coverage
Flowers MAIN PRODUCTION AREAS
Marigold Bijapur, Bellary, Bangalore, Tumkur,
Kolar, Haveri, Mysore, Chamarajanagar,
Mandya
Jasmine Bijapur, Bellary, Tumkur, Mysore,
Davangere, Mandya, Bangalore, Kolar,
Chamarajanagar
Cut-
flowers
Tumkur, Mandya, Mysore, Bangalore,
Kolar, Hassan, Chickmagalur, Kodagu,
Udipi, Shimoga
Rose Bangalore, Kolar, Dharwad, Udipi,
Belgaum
Tube rose Bangalore U & R, Kolar, Mysore and
Haveri
Others, 1009332
Cabbage, 128344
Tomato, 952849
Carrot, 79864
Radish, 53172
Ladyfinger, 73170
Onion, 723067
Capsicum, 28629
Beans, 136357Brinjal, 379947
Gourds, 270813
Peas, 20078
Cauliflower, 36230
Potato, 602017
Peas, 1387
Cabbage,
6697
Tomato,
35429
Potato, 59980
Cauliflower,
2316
Beans, 11900
Brinjal, 16641Capsicum,
2414
Gourds, 19529
Onion, 115035
Ladyfinger,
8853
Radish, 4685
Carrot, 4247
Others, 77783
Aster
5% Cossandra
10%
Gladiolus
1%
Rose
7%
Chrysanthemum
16%
Marigold
24%
Jasmine
22%
Others
7%
Tube Rose
8%
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Exhibit 2.J. Exhibit 2.J. Exhibit 2.J. Exhibit 2.J. Production Lac SpikesProduction Lac SpikesProduction Lac SpikesProduction Lac Spikes
Exhibit 2.K. Exhibit 2.K. Exhibit 2.K. Exhibit 2.K. Production (MT)Production (MT)Production (MT)Production (MT)
2.6. Analysis of important horticultural crops in Karnataka.2.6. Analysis of important horticultural crops in Karnataka.2.6. Analysis of important horticultural crops in Karnataka.2.6. Analysis of important horticultural crops in Karnataka.
Mango
Total area under cultivation is 117,381 hac with a production of 1103677 tonnes
Grown in all zones except Northern dry, Northeastern dry, Hilly and Coastal
zones
Key varieties are Badami, Raspuri, Totapuri, Neelam, Beganpalli, Mallika, Malgoba
Fresh exported to UAE, EU, Saudi Arabia and Kuwait. Good demand for pulp in
Gulf countries
Key Issues: Irregular bearing, lack of adequate planting material, Senile
plantation, leasing of orchards with lack of proper post harvest management,
farmer training on post harvest practices and value addition required-
Pomegranate
Total area under cultivation is 12728 hac with a production of 124666 tonnes
Proposed areas plans for North Eastern Dry and Northern Dry Zones
Key varieties are Jyothi, Ganesh, Mirudula, Ruby Red, Bhagwa
No. 1 in Exports (1000 tonnes) Export to EU
Key Issues: Cultivated as a intercrop, fruit cracking, variation in yield, education
of farmers and exploring marketing potential
Grapes
Total area under cultivation is 9721 hac with a production of 167044 tonnes
The key growing districts are Koppal, BElgaum, Bijapur, Bagalkot, Bellary and
Davangere
Key varieties are Bangalore blue, Anab-e-shahi, Thompson Seedless, Gulabi,
Arka Vathi, Shyam,
Exports to UK, Saudi Arabia, UAE, Netherlands, Bangladesh and Belgium.
Tube
Rose,
8760
Gladiolus,
255
Rose,
2379
0
10000
20000
30000
40000
50000
Aste
r
Cossandra
Jasm
ine
Marigold
Chry
santh
em
um
Oth
ers
Mt.
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Key Issues: Lack of commercial processing varieties, coloured & short berries and
lack of knowledge on cultivation, pruning, requirement of wine policy in the State
Banana
Total area under cultivation is 52560 hac with a production of 1289863 tonnes
Grown in all zones except Northern dry and Northeastern dry
Key varieties are Poovan, Dwarf Cavendish, Rasabale, Robusta, Maduranga,
Chandrabale
High demand in the domestic markets, exports possibility of fresh to the Gulf
Countries and potential demand for processed products in the domestic and
export markets
Key Issues: Productivity low, irrigation is a major constraint, lack of infrastructure
for market handling and processing, quality check for tissue culture saplings and
nematode infestation
Pineapple
Total area under cultivation is 2500 hac with a production of 90000 tonnes
Shown a steady increase in area in recent times
The key growing districts are Shimoga, Uttar Kanada, Dakshin Kannada, Kodagu
and Udipi
Key varieties are Giant Kew and Queen
High demand in the domestic and exports market for fresh and processed
products
Key Issues: availability of quality seedlings, Mostly rainfed, ratoon crop can lead
to yield loss, black rot disease
Onion
Total area under cultivation is 115035 hac with a production of 723067 tonnes
The key growing districts are Bellary, Chitradurga, Bijapur, Dharwad, Raichur,
Kolar (cultivated across the state)
Distinct export variety Bangalore Rose Onion grown in Bangalore and Kolar
Key varieties are Bellary Red, Rose onion, NP53, Arka Niketan, Kalyan, Pragati,
Agri Found light red and dark red
Exports to Malaysia, Middle East countries, Sri Lanka, Singapore
Key Issues: Lack of export quality varieties, lack of Post harvest infrastructure in
case of preservation and lack of irradiation centers
Gherkins
Total area under cultivation is 4760 hac with a production of 74860 tonnes
The key growing districts are Kolar, Bangalore Rural, Chitradurga, Dharwad,
Tumkur, Bagalkot and Hassan
Key varieties are Peto, Asgrow and Ejax
Accounts for 80% to 90% of National exports worth Rs. 140 crore in 2003-04
(70000 tonnes per annum)
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Export potential in US 50% demand, EU 43% of demand and rest Asia Pacific
countries
Successful model of contract farming
Key Issues: Marketing assistance, duties in international markets, high yielding
varieties and export promotion
Tomato
Total area under cultivation is 35429 hac with a production of 952849 tonnes
Cultivated in almost all districts
Key varieties are Hybrids from Commercial companies
Key Issues: Lack of good seedling and nursery facilities, post harvest
infrastructure, cold chain for storage and processing facilities, lack of export
potential, need to explore scope of value addition and scope of export of value
added products
Chili
Total area under cultivation is 37728 hac with a production of 448717 tonnes in
the coastal districts
Cultivated in all districts
Varieties cultivated are G3, G4, G5, Sinduri, Kiran, Aparna (Baidgi)
Exports of dry chilies to Pakistan, Europe, Arabian Countries and Soviet Union
Key Issues: Nursery and planting material required, quality control for processed
products, high freight rates
Ginger
Total area under cultivation is 13628 hac with a production of 136688 tonnes in
the coastal districts
Key growing districts are Kodagu, Shimoga, Hassan, Bidar and Chickmagalur
Key varieties are Maran, Wynad, Ernad, Manantoddy, China, Rio-de-Janeiro,
Exports about 80% of produce in primary form, markets are Middle East, US and
EU
Key Issues: Lack of value added products, post harvest infrastructure, disease
control and price fluctuation
Pepper
Total area under cultivation is 12265 hac with a production of 7567 tonnes
The key growing districts are Kodagu, South Kanada, North Kanada, Shimoga,
Chickmagalur
Key varieties are Paniur 1, Bilimalligesara, Karimalligesara, Doddiga, Kaluvalli,
Malligesara, Karimunda
Exports to Russia, USA, Canada, Italy and Czechoslovakia, processed pepper
products to USA, Germany, UK, Netherlands and France
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Key Issues: Low productivity, Requirement for good cultivar and replacement of
senile cultivation, requirement of drying and processing units, lack of research
under diverse agro climatic condition
Cashew
Total area under cultivation is 67993 hac with a production of 91601 tonnes
Cultivated in all coastal districts
Largest processing capacity in the State of 100,000 Tonnes
Varieties cultivated are Ullal 1,2,3,4, Chintamani 1, UN-50, NRCC1,2
Export potential to US, EU, UK, UAE, Japan and Australia
Key Issues: Nursery and planting material required, low productivity, lack of post
harvest facilities, senile plantation
Cocoa
Total area under cultivation is 2484 hac with a production of 25080 tonnes
Cultivated in all coastal districts
Key varieties are F1 Hybrid between Creollo and Forrestor
Beans Marketed locally, as 50% of the total domestic demand is met through
imports
Key Issues: Only cultivated as a intercrop in coconut and arecanut garden, buy
back arrangement not clear, research needs for varieties, home scale chocolate
to be encourage
Floriculture
Total area covered is around 21000 hac with a production of 1.47 lac tonnes of
loose flowers and 1200 crore spikes of cut flowers
Key growing districts are
Traditional flowers: Udipi, Shimoga, Bijapur, Bellary, Bangalore, Tumkur,
Kolar, Haveri, Mysore, Chamarajanagar, Mandya
Cut Flowers: Bangalore, Kolar, Dharwad, Udipi, Belgaum
The main flowers cultivated are Rose, marigold, Jasmine, Chrysanthemum,
Gladiolus, Aster, Tube Rose, Crossandra, Birds of Paradise, Carnation,
Anthurium, Gerbera
There are 35 high tech floriculture units in the State covering 150 hacs
High demand for traditional flowers in the domestic market, caters to export
market for cut flowers
Exports in the range of Rs. 35 40 crore
Key issues: Availability of planting material, training on scientific cultivation,
Greenhouse technology and technology dissemination, Lack of adequate post
harvest support
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2.7. 2.7. 2.7. 2.7. Key Issues associated with State HorticultureKey Issues associated with State HorticultureKey Issues associated with State HorticultureKey Issues associated with State Horticulture
Rationalization of varieties, erratic yield and Low productivity and use of public
bred varieties e.g. in case of mango
Lack of suitable varieties for Processing (e.g. wine variety grape, fig)
Endemic diseases (Panama wilt in Banana, Pepper wilt, Bacterial disease in
Pomegranate)
Leasing of orchard is a common practice, prevent farmer from taking interest in
post harvest
Lack of proper maintenance of orchards
Need to explore marketability of traditional varieties (Rasbare)
Price fluctuation in vegetable and glut situation which affects farmers
Lack of information in trends of markets
High wastage due to lack of proper post harvest practices
Awareness & Education for utilisation of market infrastructure and post harvest
facilities
High transportation and air freights
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NHM - Action Plan for Karnataka
Rabo India 16
Chapter 3Chapter 3Chapter 3Chapter 3
Demand Supply Situation of Horticulture in Demand Supply Situation of Horticulture in Demand Supply Situation of Horticulture in Demand Supply Situation of Horticulture in KarnatakaKarnatakaKarnatakaKarnataka
3.1. 3.1. 3.1. 3.1. Demographic FeaturesDemographic FeaturesDemographic FeaturesDemographic Features
As per 2001 Census, Karnataka's population was 52.73 millions (5.13% of the total
population of the country) including rural population of 34.81 millions (66% of the total)
and urban population of 17.92 millions (34%). During the period 1991-2001, the
decadal growth of population was 17.2% in the State as against 21.3% in India. The
density of population in the State was at 275 persons per sq.km. The work force of
Karnataka as per 2001 Census was 235.22 lakhs comprising 193.58 lakhs main workers
and 41.64 lakhs marginal workers. The cultivators (69.36 lakhs) and agricultural
labourers (62.09 lakhs) together accounted for about 67.9% of the main workers in the
State. The land use pattern in the State, region-wise, is shown in Exhibit 3.A.
Exhibit 3.A.Exhibit 3.A.Exhibit 3.A.Exhibit 3.A. Land Availability Land Availability Land Availability Land Availability
(Area : lakh ha.)(Area : lakh ha.)(Area : lakh ha.)(Area : lakh ha.)
RegionRegionRegionRegion GeographicGeographicGeographicGeographic
al areaal areaal areaal area ForestForestForestForest
Other Other Other Other
landlandlandlands #s #s #s #
Net Net Net Net
sown sown sown sown
areaareaareaarea
Gross Gross Gross Gross
cropped cropped cropped cropped
areaareaareaarea
Cropping Cropping Cropping Cropping
intensityintensityintensityintensity
Coastal 18.58 10.43 3.19 3.40 4.21 123.82
Malnad 28.53 7.16 10.13 10.23 11.46 112.02
N. Plateau 89.32 6.50 20.30 61.31 73.13 119.28
S. Plateau 54.07 6.54 21.36 29.95 34.32 114.59
Total 190.50190.50190.50190.50 30.30.30.30.63636363 54.9854.9854.9854.98 104.89104.89104.89104.89 123.12123.12123.12123.12 117.38117.38117.38117.38
Source : Directorate of Economics & Statistics, Bangalore.
# includes non agricultural, barren, cultivable waste, permanent pastures, trees & groves
and fallow lands.
3.2. 3.2. 3.2. 3.2. Operational HoldingsOperational HoldingsOperational HoldingsOperational Holdings---- Region Region Region Region----wise analysiswise analysiswise analysiswise analysis
Distribution of operational holdings depict a skewed pattern in the State. Small and
marginal holdings accounted for 73% of the total number of holdings while occupying
only 34% of the total area. In other words, a large proportion of farmers in Karnataka
possessed a small proportion of land. The land holding pattern in the State (1995-96),
region-wise, is as shown in Exhibit 3.B.
Exhibit 3.B. Land Holdings summaryExhibit 3.B. Land Holdings summaryExhibit 3.B. Land Holdings summaryExhibit 3.B. Land Holdings summary
(No. : in lakh) (Area : lakh ha.)
Land holdingsLand holdingsLand holdingsLand holdings CoastalCoastalCoastalCoastal MalnadMalnadMalnadMalnad Northern Northern Northern Northern
PlateauPlateauPlateauPlateau
Southern Southern Southern Southern
PlateauPlateauPlateauPlateau TotaTotaTotaTotallll
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NHM - Action Plan for Karnataka
Rabo India 17
Marginal (Below 1
ha.)
Area
No.
1.09
3.03
2.17
4.37
3.28
5.78
5.94
12.92
12.48
26.10
Small 1-2 ha. Area
No.
1.11
0.79
3.14
2.21
12.56
8.46
7.99
5.61
24.80
17.07
Semi medium 2-4
ha.
Area
No.
1.14
0.42
3.12
1.15
20.19
7.31
8.53
3.16
32.98
12.04
Medium 4-10 ha. Area
No.
0.89
0.16
2.75
0.48
24.03
4.04
7.22
1.26
34.89
5.94
Large > 10 ha. Area
No.
0.30
0.02
1.57
0.08
11.24
0.78
2.82
0.18
15.93
1.06
TotalTotalTotalTotal Area Area Area Area
No.No.No.No.
4.534.534.534.53
4.42 4.42 4.42 4.42
12.75 12.75 12.75 12.75
8.298.298.298.29
71.30 71.30 71.30 71.30
26.3726.3726.3726.37
32.50 32.50 32.50 32.50
23.1323.1323.1323.13
121.08 121.08 121.08 121.08
62.2162.2162.2162.21
Source: Directorate of Economics & Statistics, Bangalore
The decline in the size of holding is attributed to division of families resulting in
fragmentation of holdings, which in turn affects the viability of certain investments. The
average size of a holding of marginal and small farmers, being only 0.86 ha., restricts
the scope for financing a few land based activities to individuals. Analysis of the
consumption pattern from the NSSO published data is supplied in Exhibit 3.C.
Exhibit 3.C. Consumption AnalysisExhibit 3.C. Consumption AnalysisExhibit 3.C. Consumption AnalysisExhibit 3.C. Consumption Analysis
1996-
97
1997-
98
1998-
99 1999-00
2000-
01 2001-02 2002-03 CAGR
cereals 49430.8 49297.5 52989.6 66658.3 62252.1 62505.0 62014.6 3.9%
gram 445.9 833.9 690.1 682.9 741.1 804.0 793.2 10.1%
cereal subst 11.8 4.0 18.2 20.6 40.1 8.5 27.7 15.2%
pulse & prod 9855.2 10498.8 10625.7 15168.0 13397.0 13987.6 13335.3 5.2%
milk & prod 15911.4 20474.0 23443.3 26610.9 24988.2 25892.6 25509.6 8.2%
edible oil 9225.1 9580.4 10247.3 12117.3 12102.3 13671.4 14469.8 7.8%
meat,egg,fish 8048.0 9625.0 10150.3 13710.3 15495.8 13199.4 14530.2 10.3%
vegetables 9538.4 10225.7 13256.9 16309.8 15961.0 17126.6 16785.7 9.9%
fruits(fresh) 4968.2 6470.8 6419.1 9187.7 8680.8 7943.3 8283.1 8.9%
fruits(dry) 696.6 1328.2 985.9 2225.6 1938.4 1948.9 1683.4 15.8%
sugar 5768.9 7216.8 6929.6 7729.5 7890.3 8286.5 7692.9 4.9%
salt 374.2 444.1 511.5 724.5 725.8 679.5 744.4 12.1%
spices 5073.9 5344.3 6076.6 9566.0 8477.0 8508.6 8623.7 9.2%
beverage etc. 17481.6 18390.2 17270.2 27722.3 29033.5 31630.8 30699.2 9.8%
food total 136830 149734 159614 208434 201723 206193 205193 7.0%
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NHM - Action Plan for Karnataka
Rabo India 18
This shows a CAGR of 9.9 % consumption year on year from a period of 1997 to 2003, if
we adjust for the population growth rate of 1.5% the growth in consumption for
vegetables is estimated at 8.4%. Similarly the growth in fresh fruit consumption during
this period is 8.9%, adjusted for population growth is 7.4% year on year growth in
consumption.
To analyse the consumption pattern and link it to the production surplus or deficit
regions, we have taken a per capita consumption of vegetables per day for Karnataka at
120 gms and per capita consumption of fruits per day at 45 gms. Exhibit 3.D. gives the
production and consumption surpluses in the key districts of the state.
Exhibit 3.D. Production surplus in Fruits and VegetaExhibit 3.D. Production surplus in Fruits and VegetaExhibit 3.D. Production surplus in Fruits and VegetaExhibit 3.D. Production surplus in Fruits and Vegetables in Karnatakables in Karnatakables in Karnatakables in Karnataka
Population
Vegetable
Requirement
(tonnes per
annum)
Present Vegetable
Production (tonnes
per annum)
Vegetables Excess/
Shortfall (tonnes
per annum)
Fruits
Requirement
(tonnes per
annum)
Fruits
Production
(tonnes per
annum)
Fruits Excess/
Shortfall (tonnes
per annum)
Belgaum 4,207,264 184278 459724 275445 76783 162688 85905
Bagalkote 1,652,232 72368 168048 95680 30153 69410 39257
Bijapur 1,808,863 79228 140874 61645 33012 325205 292193
Gulbarga 3,124,858 136869 111818 (25051) 57029 154774 97745
Bidar 1,501,374 65760 79500 13740 27400 36425 9025
Raichur 1,648,212 72192 40578 (31614) 30080 49577 19497
Koppal 1,193,496 52275 87360 35085 21781 104737 82956
Gadag 971,955 42572 126311 83739 17738 28822 11083
Dharwad 1,603,794 70246 113450 43204 29269 67424 38155
Uttara Kannada 1,353,299 59274 11853 (47422) 24698 65977 41280
Haveri 1,437,860 62978 261005 198027 26241 113064 86823
Bellary 2,025,242 88706 127788 39082 36961 120470 83509
Chitradurga 1,510,227 66148 160177 94029 27562 161081 133519
Davanagere 1,789,693 78389 96073 17684 32662 89988 57326
Shimoga 1,639,595 71814 25783 (46032) 29923 131459 101536
Udupi 1,109,494 48596 84462 35866 20248 107316 87068
Chikmagalur 1,139,104 49893 187829 137936 20789 204295 183506
Tumkur 2,579,516 112983 40488 (72495) 47076 184083 137007
Kolar 2,523,406 110525 724927 614401 46052 589638 543585
Bangalore (Urban) 6,523,110 285712 155773 (129940) 119047 149064 30017
Bangalore (Rural) 1,877,416 82231 204707 122477 34263 433044 398781
Mandya 1,761,718 77163 189881 112718 32151 164749 132598
Hassan 1,721,319 75394 625144 549750 31414 144367 112953
Dakshina Kannada 1,896,403 83062 49361 (33701) 34609 148199 113590
Kodagu 545,322 23885 65110 41225 9952 92030 82078
Mysore 2,624,911 114971 66601 (48371) 47905 79377 31472
Chamrajanagar 964,275 42235 89246 47011 17598 61355 43757
52,733,958 2,309,747 4,493,868 2,184,120 962,395 4,038,618 3,076,223
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NHM - Action Plan for Karnataka
Rabo India 19
Chapter 4Chapter 4Chapter 4Chapter 4
Market Linkages in KarnatakaMarket Linkages in KarnatakaMarket Linkages in KarnatakaMarket Linkages in Karnataka
4.1 Introduction4.1 Introduction4.1 Introduction4.1 Introduction
Horticultural crops being perishable in nature, losses in quantity and quality which
affects these products between harvest and consumption. Factors like respiration,
ethylene production, evaporation, temperature and relative humidity affects the keeping
quality of these products. Post harvest facilities from production linking to the market
and consumption points helps in the reduction of losses due to wastage. The existing
market infrastructure in post harvest facilities like cold storage and the avenues for sale
in terms of market and mandi linkages are discussed in detail in the following chapter.
Agri export zones are promoted with the objective of promoting exports of agricultural
produce from selected areas of productivity prominence, food parks provide an
opportunity of increasing processing capabilities in the state, these are two important
linkage points which helps in absorption of Fruits and Vegetables for further value
addition.
4.2. 4.2. 4.2. 4.2. Food Parks Food Parks Food Parks Food Parks
Food Parks were established in the State under the Ministry of Food Processing
Industries guidelines during 2000- 2001. Though there are six Food Parks identified for
establishment in the State, the food Parks are not operational till date. Exhibit 4.A. maps
the food parks and region of sourcing of products for processing. The main commodity
of production in the catchment region of the park is highlighted with a comparison of
the percentage of production of the commodity to the state production.
Exhibit 4.A.Exhibit 4.A.Exhibit 4.A.Exhibit 4.A.
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NHM - Action Plan for Karnataka
Rabo India 20
Exhibit 4.B. Exhibit 4.B. Exhibit 4.B. Exhibit 4.B. Status of implementation of the Food ParksStatus of implementation of the Food ParksStatus of implementation of the Food ParksStatus of implementation of the Food Parks
Bidar
Raichu
Belgaum
Bijapur
Gulbarg
Bagalk
Bellary
Haveri Davange
Shimoga
Udupi
Chitradurga
Chickmagal
South Kannada
Kolar
Hassan
Mysore
Bangalore Urban
Tumku
Koppal Gada
Dharwad
North Kannada
Mandy
Chamarajnagar
Bangalore Rural
Kodag
Jewargi banana 71836 tn. (6%) Citrus 38987 tn. (12%)
Onion 76337 tn. (12%)
Carrot 7042 tn. (9%)
Sapota 17337 (8%) Jack Fruit 30080 tn. (9%)
Vegetables 459724 tn. (10%)
Hiriyur Onion 111780 (15%)
Banana 93745 tn. (7%)
Malur Mango 383803 (35%) Guava 21180 (14%) Sapota 35066 (16%)
Vegetables 724927 (16%)
Maddur Jackfruit 25780 tn. (11%)
Papaya 24103 tn (10%)
Alternate land is identifiedFinal decision on the location
needs to be taken.
10Food Karnataka
Limited Department of
Industries and
commerce
Chitradurga6
Acquisition proceedings completedUnder Development 100 acre10Food Karnataka
Limited Department of
Industries and
commerce
Belgaum 5
Land is in possession of KIADB. Layout Plans
are to be prepared.
60 acres of land has been
acquired.
10Food Karnataka
Limited Department of
Industries and
commerce
Maddur4
Land is in possession of KIADB. Layout Plans
are to be prepared.
Acquisition proceedings of 105
acres of land has been
completed.
10Food Karnataka
Limited & Department
of Industries and
commerce
Jeewargi3
Off site general infrastructure provided.
Layout Plans are under preparation.
97 under development by
Bharat Biotech Pvt. Ltd..
10Food Karnataka
Limited and
Department of
Industries and
commerce
Malur2
Adhikeshwaralu Group 20 Units have been
allotted 21 acres of land. Works on General
Infrastructure like internal roads, street
lighting, water supply, power supply lines are in
advanced stages of completion.
100 acres of land has been
acquired and the process of
land acquisition is under
process
96Food Karnataka
Limited, Department of
Industries and
commerce
Bagalkote1
RemarksStatusProject
cost (Rs.
in crore )
Implementing agencyLocationSl.No
Alternate land is identifiedFinal decision on the location
needs to be taken.
10Food Karnataka
Limited Department of
Industries and
commerce
Chitradurga6
Acquisition proceedings completedUnder Development 100 acre10Food Karnataka
Limited Department of
Industries and
commerce
Belgaum 5
Land is in possession of KIADB. Layout Plans
are to be prepared.
60 acres of land has been
acquired.
10Food Karnataka
Limited Department of
Industries and
commerce
Maddur4
Land is in possession of KIADB. Layout Plans
are to be prepared.
Acquisition proceedings of 105
acres of land has been
completed.
10Food Karnataka
Limited & Department
of Industries and
commerce
Jeewargi3
Off site general infrastructure provided.
Layout Plans are under preparation.
97 under development by
Bharat Biotech Pvt. Ltd..
10Food Karnataka
Limited and
Department of
Industries and
commerce
Malur2
Adhikeshwaralu Group 20 Units have been
allotted 21 acres of land. Works on General
Infrastructure like internal roads, street
lighting, water supply, power supply lines are in
advanced stages of completion.
100 acres of land has been
acquired and the process of
land acquisition is under
process
96Food Karnataka
Limited, Department of
Industries and
commerce
Bagalkote1
RemarksStatusProject
cost (Rs.
in crore )
Implementing agencyLocationSl.No
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NHM - Action Plan for Karnataka
Rabo India 21
4.2.4.2.4.2.4.2.Agri Export ZonesAgri Export ZonesAgri Export ZonesAgri Export Zones
There are Three Agri Exports Zones in Karnataka details are shown in Exhibit 4.C.
Exhibit 4.C. Exhibit 4.C. Exhibit 4.C. Exhibit 4.C. Agri Export ZonesAgri Export ZonesAgri Export ZonesAgri Export Zones
Crop Districts
Gherkins Bangalore Urban, Bangalore Rural, Kolar
Rose Onion Bangalore Urban, Bangalore Rural, Kolar, Tumkur, Hassan,
Davangere, Dharwad, Bagalkote
Flowers Bangalore Urban, Bangalore Rural, Kolar, Kodagu, Tumkur,
Belgaum
4.2.A. 4.2.A. 4.2.A. 4.2.A. Agri Export Zone For Gherkins In KarnatakaAgri Export Zone For Gherkins In KarnatakaAgri Export Zone For Gherkins In KarnatakaAgri Export Zone For Gherkins In Karnataka
This project initially envisaged an investment of Rs.10.95 crores, of which
Rs.7.75 crores was expected from Private Sector & Rs.3.20 crores from Central
Government.
Additional exports worth Rs.35.25 Crores were expected in the next 5 years.
This projection could go up if the duties imposed by the European Union on
Gherkins are brought down.
The primary focus of the project is towards pest and disease management,
productivity enhancement and post harvest handling, apart from emphasis on
marketing the product
Present Status:Present Status:Present Status:Present Status:
MOU signed on 19th September 2001
A research project was sanctioned by APEDA for Pest and Disease Management
and awarded to University of Agricultural Sciences, Bangalore,
Scale of finance for gherkin crop was fixed at Rs. 18000 per acre and accordingly
banks are extending credit to farmers. The number of farmers who are expected
to benefit under the AEZ are 30,000, covering an area of 15,000 acres.
The State Government has also identified roads in the zone for improving their
conditions and priority is being accorded for the same under A.S.I.D.E AND PGSY
scheme (Pradhan Mantri Gram Sadak Yojana Scheme).
Kissan Credit Cards to farmers have been issued on priority.
10 new units have been set up with an investment of Rs.10.62 Crores, thereby
creating an additional capacity of 11000 tonnes per annum.
Almost all the gherkin-processing units are connected with the industrial feeder
lines from rural feeder lines, so that they get quality power supply to their
processing units.
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NHM - Action Plan for Karnataka
Rabo India 22
The Government of Karnataka announced exemption of market cess for all the
AEZs in the state including the one on gherkins
Since the setting up of the AEZ, exports of gherkins have fetched Rs.577.78
crores (i.e. from October 2001 to April 2005 - three and half years).
A total investment of Rs. 87.34 Crores has been made in the AEZ.
4.2.B. A4.2.B. A4.2.B. A4.2.B. Agri Export Zone For Rose Onion In Karnataka gri Export Zone For Rose Onion In Karnataka gri Export Zone For Rose Onion In Karnataka gri Export Zone For Rose Onion In Karnataka
It was expected that on setting up of this Agri Export Zone there will be an
incremental exports of around Rs. 50 crores in the next five years.
More than 5000 farmers were expected to be benefited and an employment
generation of more than 15 lakhs man days.
Present Status
MOU was signed on 1st of July 2002
6000 small and marginal farmers have been identified for training . One training
programme has been conducted in Dec 2002.
A Research Project on Improvement of Rose Onion for Enhancement of
Productivity & Export Quality has been assigned to IIHR, Bangalore for which the
MOU was signed on 19th May, 03 with the Indian Institute of Horticulture
Research, Bangalore (ICAR); which covers a period of three years.
Suitable quality seeds Agri Found Rose were procured from NHRDF and
distributed to farmers.
Exports of Rs 168 Crores was made from the region since the setting up of the
AEZ on 1st July 2002 (i.e. from 1st July 2002 to 30th June 2005, a period of 4
years).
The number of farmers who are expected to benefit under the AEZ are 5000
farmers, covering an area of 10,000 acres.
There are presently 16 active exporters of Rose Onions. KAPPEC has been
organising seminars in growing areas involving IIHR, UAS(B) and Dept. of
Horticulture.
Exports have reached a level of Rs.168 Crs
The investment in the zone so far has been Rs 0.13 Cr.
4444....2.C.2.C.2.C.2.C. Agri Export Zone For Floriculture In KarnatakaAgri Export Zone For Floriculture In KarnatakaAgri Export Zone For Floriculture In KarnatakaAgri Export Zone For Floriculture In Karnataka
Agri Export Zone for floriculture in Karnataka entails an investment of around
Rs.29.28 crores, out of which Rs. 11.71 crores will come from the Central
Government agencies, Rs.7.37 crores from State Government agencies and the
remaining Rs.10.20 crores will come from the private sector.
There is an anticipated incremental export of around Rs.312 crores in the next
five years.
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NHM - Action Plan for Karnataka
Rabo India 23
This Zone will benefit around 1000 farmers apart from generating a lot of
indirect employment.
Present Status
Mou Was Signed On 1st Of July 2002
The perishable cargo handling facility has already been set up at Bangalore
Airport to facilitate exports.
A marketing facilitation centre has also been set up at Amsterdam for the benefit
of the growers of the Bangalore and Hosur area. Central Govt. have sanctioned
Rs. 3.57 crores for setting up of a Floriculture Auction Centre at KAIC premises,
Bangalore. The constructions of the Auction Centre will be completed by
October, 2005. It would be ready for commissioning in October/November,
2005.
The investment in the zone is Rs 3.57 Cr for setting up of the Flower Auction
Centre.
The exports of flowers from Bangalore are at present at the level of over Rs
20.00Cr.
Exhibit 4.D.Exhibit 4.D.Exhibit 4.D.Exhibit 4.D.Position of exports from the Agri Export Zones for the AEZ identified cropsPosition of exports from the Agri Export Zones for the AEZ identified cropsPosition of exports from the Agri Export Zones for the AEZ identified cropsPosition of exports from the Agri Export Zones for the AEZ identified crops
Crop Production (Tonnes) Exports
Gherkins
74860 Quantity exported 178106 mts (19th
September 2001 to July 2005)
Value 59368.46 lakhs
Rose Onion
-- Quantity exported 91402.320 mts (1st
2002 to July July 2005)
Value 14071.15 lakhs
Flowers
1.47 lac tonnes of
loose flowers and 1200
crore spikes
Production 42630 tn.
Exports Rs. 35 Crore (2004-05)
4.3. 4.3. 4.3. 4.3. Markets and Rural MandisMarkets and Rural MandisMarkets and Rural MandisMarkets and Rural Mandis
In Karnataka, Agricultural Produce Marketing Committee Yards and Act (APMC) includes
the marketing of horticultural produces. But in practice only few horticultural produces
which are less perishable like Coconut, Arecanut, Onion and Potatoes are mainly
marketed through APMCs and horticultural produces other than these are also
marketed through APMCs which is arround 6% of the total production. Most of the
vegetables and fruits in larger cities and towns are traded in the central market area,
usually municipal market. The wholesale trade of fruits and vegetables is carried out by
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NHM - Action Plan for Karnataka
Rabo India 24
the commission agents and the trade is through small auction sales or negotiated sales
in terms of baskets/bags etc.,
In the state some special efforts have been made to improve marketing of horticultural
produces, they are:
1. Horticultural produces co-operative marketing society ( HOPCOMS )- It is a co-
operative body engaged in marketing of fruits and vegetables in three districts
namely, Bangalore urban, Bangalore rural and Kolar districts. At present about 100
metric tones of fruits and vegetables are handled per day.
2. At district level 17 District horticultural produce co-operative marketing and
processing societies have been established in the state. The main objective of these
societies is procurement of fruits and vegetables directly from the farmers and sell
to the consumers directly through its outlets situated in the cities and towns at a
reasonable price.
3. At state level as a apex federal body Karnataka State Horticultural Co-operative
Federation (KHF) has been established to perform the activities similar to that of
Karnataka Milk Federation. KHF has drawn market promotional plans for its member
societies. Through NCDC it is planned to support the credit requirement of the
societies.
4. Raithara Santhe- Karnataka State Agricultural Marketing Board, a State
Government organizations initiative towards marketing of fruits and vegetables. The
board had created all the infrastructure for marketing fruits and vegetables directly
from the growers to the consumers without any middlemen or commission agent. At
present this is in action at Yelahanka town near Bangalore city.
5. Fruit market yard near Bangalore- The Department of Agriculture Marketing, a
state government department opened a new market complex near Bangalore City
exclusively for marketing of fruits.
6. Safal fruit and vegetable auction market- This is a new project implemented by
the National Dairy Development Board. This is a vast project developed in an area of
60 acres of land which includes sophisticated auction hall, collection centers,
distribution centers , wholesale and retail sale counters. This project will also
develop cash and carry stores in prime localities of cities. At present about 300
metric tones of fruits and vegetables are handled per day. In selected districts at
village level growers associations have been organized with backward and forward
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NHM - Action Plan for Karnataka
Rabo India 25
linkages to train the farmers on production and post harvest management of fruits
and vegetables.
Exhibit 4.E. Key APMC LocationsExhibit 4.E. Key APMC LocationsExhibit 4.E. Key APMC LocationsExhibit 4.E. Key APMC Locations
Agricultural Produce Marketing Committee Yards and Act (APMC) includes the marketing
of horticultural produces, presently there are 39 APMC markets in Karnataka
4.4.4.4.4. 4. 4. 4. Processing Units Processing Units Processing Units Processing Units
With a population of over 52 million, Karnataka offers an excellent market for agro food
processing companies. With its 10 agro-climatic zones and nine distinct soil types, it is
an ideal place for growing virtually every kind of horticultural produce. The State
Government has initiated a number of measures to facilitate and sustain investments at
every point in the food chain from producer to consumer. Food Technology Parks having
a hub of 4-6 farms is being planned to channel known how, resource and support
services. Several major international food companies have located their facilities in
Karnataka. These include Nestle, Unilever, Global Green, Danone, Wrigleys, Heinz, Pepsi
and Coca Cola, Nissin, Ovobel, among others.
Bidar
Raichur Belgaum
Bijapur
Gulbarga
Bagalk
Bellary
Haveri Davanger
Shimoga
Udupi
Chitradurga
Chickmagalu
South Kannada
Kolar
Hassan
Mysore
Bangalore Urban
Tumkur
Koppal Gada
Dharwad
North Kannada
Mandya
Chamarajnagar
Bangalore Rural
Kodagu
APMC Markets
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NHM - Action Plan for Karnataka
Rabo India 26
Exhibit 4.F. Location of processing facilitiesExhibit 4.F. Location of processing facilitiesExhibit 4.F. Location of processing facilitiesExhibit 4.F. Location of processing facilities
4.5.4.5.4.5.4.5.Cold Storage UnitsCold Storage UnitsCold Storage UnitsCold Storage Units
There are over 114 cold storage units in the State with a capacity of 1,43,023 tonnes, of
which 54 of them are dedicated to fish, meat, ice creams and milk products. The rest of
60 units with a capacity 1,34,596 tonne constitute existing cold storage potential for
horticultural crops. The ownership status of these dedicated cold storage units are given
in Exhibit 4.G.
Exhibit 4.G.Exhibit 4.G.Exhibit 4.G.Exhibit 4.G. Cold storage unit Cold storage unit Cold storage unit Cold storage units by ownership class in Karnatakas by ownership class in Karnatakas by ownership class in Karnatakas by ownership class in Karnataka
Category No Capacity
Government 1 456
Public 5 7076
Cooperatives 3 3793
Private 51 123271
Total 60 134596
From among the 60 cold storage units about 85 per cent of the units with a capacity
share of 91 per cent are under private ownership.
Exhibit 4.H.Exhibit 4.H.Exhibit 4.H.Exhibit 4.H. Commodity wise distribution of cold storage units in Karnataka Commodity wise distribution of cold storage units in Karnataka Commodity wise distribution of cold storage units in Karnataka Commodity wise distribution of cold storage units in Karnataka
Commodity No Capacity
Fruits 2 1949
Bidar
RaichuBelgaum
Bijapur
Gulbarg
Bagalk
Bellary
Haveri Davange
Shimoga
Udupi
Chitradurga
Chickmagal
South Kannada
Kolar
Hassan
Mysore
Bangalore Urban
Tumku
Koppal Gada
Dharwad
North Kannada
Mandy
Chamarajnagar
Bangalore Rural
Kodag
No. of Units: 3 Frozen and Dehydrated Vegetables and Fruits
No. of Units: 2 Gherkins and processed vegetables
Gherkins processing No. of Units: 4 Fruit Bars, Gherkins, Tomato
No. of Units: 6 Total Capacity: 2840 Tn. Sauce, Pickles, Mango pulp
No. of Units: 5 Pickles, Jam Fruit pulp & Concentrate
Fruits and Vegetable processing
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Potato 8 15530
Potato & Tamarind 2 3500
Chillies & Tamarind 5 24918
Multipurpose 43 88699
Total 60 134596
There are only 2 units dedicated for fruits. Potato is the only vegetable that is
extensively stored in cold storage units. Chillies are stored in cold storages more to
retain colour and oleoresins and Tamarind to retain colour. The rest are multipurpose
units where horticulture products can be stored. These storage units are being used for
crops like apples, dates, and oranges, etc., which are not major crops in the State. These
crops are brought into the State through reefer vans from long distances from the place
of production, cleaned, graded, sorted, waxed and stored for future domestic markets in
Bangalore and other south Indian cities. The district wise distribution of existing cold
storage facilities are presented in Exhibit 4.I.
Exhibit 4.I.Exhibit 4.I.Exhibit 4.I.Exhibit 4.I. Existing Col Existing Col Existing Col Existing Cold Storage Facilities d Storage Facilities d Storage Facilities d Storage Facilities
Fruits Potato Potato &
Tamarind
Chillies &
Tamarind Multipurpose
Districts
No Capacity No Capacity No Capacity No Capacity No Capacity
Bangalore 1 22 1 5,000 18 24,248
Kolar 6 8,030 2 3,500 1 3,030
Tumkur 1 2,500
Belgaum 5 6,115
Bijapur 1 1,927 5 7,727
Dharwad 3 5,793
Haveri 4 28,958
Bellary 5 24,918 2 7,700
Dakshin Kannada 1 172
Hassan 1 2,500 2 1,456
Mysore 1 1,000
Total 2 1,949 8 15,530 2 3,500 5 24,918 43 88,699
From Exhibit 4.I. it could be observed that only 11 out of 27 districts in the State have
cold storage facilities. According to the Cold Storage Owners' Association (CSOA), eighty
per cent of the installed cold storage capacity in Karnataka remains unused. The
utilisation rate is around 30-40 per cent and the units are idle for 6-7 months a year.
Private companies, encouraged by the Government claims of giving a thrust to the
sector, had borrowed at high rates of 17 to 19.5 per cent and are now unable to service
their debts.
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Power is a huge expense, for which the industry has been urging that cold storages be
treated as `agricultural operations' and therefore the charges to be on par with levies on
IP sets. Together with under-utilisation, heavy interest burdens, high capital
investments and low returns, the current problems have cascaded to cripple the
industry. Cold storage units were encouraged as a means to bringing down post-harvest
losses and offer farmers better returns. However, farmers in general, are not aware of
the benefits of cold storages and the Government needs to educate them.
Exhibit 4.J. Location of Cold Storage Units in KarnatakaExhibit 4.J. Location of Cold Storage Units in KarnatakaExhibit 4.J. Location of Cold Storage Units in KarnatakaExhibit 4.J. Location of Cold Storage Units in Karnataka
Bidar
RaichuBelgau
Bijapu
Gulbarg
Bagalk
Bellary
Haveri Davange
Shimog
Udupi
Chitradurga
Chickmagal
South Kannad
Kolar
Hassan
Mysore
Bangalore Urban
Tumku
Koppal Gada
Dharwa
North Kannad
Mandy
Chamarajnagar
Bangalore Rural
Kodag
No. of Units: 6 Total Capacity: 9645 Tn.
No. of Units: 3 Total Capacity: 5793 Tn.
No. of Units: 3 Total Capacity: 3956 Tn.
No. of Units: 5 Total Capacity: 6115 Tn.
No. of Units: 20 Total Capacity: 29270 Tn.
No. of Units: 4 Total Capacity: 28958 Tn.
No. of Units: 7 Total Capacity: 32618 Tn.
No. of Units: 9 Total Capacity: 14560 Tn.
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Exhibit 4.K. Market Linkages of Key CropsExhibit 4.K. Market Linkages of Key CropsExhibit 4.K. Market Linkages of Key CropsExhibit 4.K. Market Linkages of Key Crops
35000HighXXXCashew
20000LowXXXCocoa
40000MediumXXTomato
70000HighXGherkins
25000HighXXOnion
25000MediumXXXChili
35000Medium XXXBanana
60000HighXXGrape
40000HighXXXPineapple
40000HighXXMango
45000HighXXPomegranate
40000 -
75000HighXXXFloriculture
50000HighXXXPepper
30000MediumXXXXGinger
(Rs. / Hectare)
Cold Storages
Processing UnitsMandis*AEZ
Food Parks
Return to Farmer
Export PotentialMarket LinkagesProducts
35000HighXXXCashew
20000LowXXXCocoa
40000MediumXXTomato
70000HighXGherkins
25000HighXXOnion
25000MediumXXXChili
35000Medium XXXBanana
60000HighXXGrape
40000HighXXXPineapple
40000HighXXMango
45000HighXXPomegranate
40000 -
75000HighXXXFloriculture
50000HighXXXPepper
30000MediumXXXXGinger
(Rs. / Hectare)
Cold Storages
Processing UnitsMandis*AEZ
Food Parks
Return to Farmer
Export PotentialMarket LinkagesProducts
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Chapter 5Chapter 5Chapter 5Chapter 5
Selection of Crops for Intervention in KarnatakaSelection of Crops for Intervention in KarnatakaSelection of Crops for Intervention in KarnatakaSelection of Crops for Intervention in Karnataka
Basis for the selection of crops for intervention is given in Exhibit 5.A.
Exhibit 5.A.Exhibit 5.A.Exhibit 5.A.Exhibit 5.A.
Focus Crop Share of All
India
Production
Rationale
Mango 12% Ranked fifth in area and fourth in production
Requirement for high density planting, planting for
export basket
Increase production to cater to the domestic and export
demand
High demand for the pulp in Gulf Markets
Improve productivity through replacement
/rejuvenation
Pomegranate 16% Shown a steady increase in area (two-fold) and increase
in production of five - fold
No 1 in export in the country
High consumption and demand from the local market
Consolidate presence in domestic market - improved
post harvest practices
Grapes 15% Ranked second in production after Maharashtra
High demand in the export market, also strong local
demand for processing varieties
Black table grape is a speciality of the region which
needs to be promoted
Area expansion in select two districts to target the
export market
Banana 10% Ranked third in area, production and productivity in the
country
Effective use of tissue culture in seedling production
Strong domestic demand and demand for processed
products
Thrust on improvement in pre and post harvest
practices
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Pineapple 7% Congenial condition for production, alternate area
other than hilly region
High demand for processed export category
Successful contract farming models established with
corporates for catering to export market demand
Can be propagated to establish a regional brand name
Ginger 40% High demand for export quality fresh ginger
Can be developed as the production hub for South and
Western India
Caters to domestic demand in South, West and Eastern
markets
Scope of high Tech intervention and production of
organic crop
Pepper 10.5% High demand for dried and processed products in the
export market
Requirement of processing infrastructure and area
expansion introducing high yielding cultivars
Improve agronomic practices (cultural, post harvest
practices)
Cashew - Rejuvenation assistance for the senile plantation
Assistance required for new orchards in the coastal
districts
Highest processing capacity for cashew in the Country
Cocoa 30% Ranks second in production in the country
High domestic demand
Cultivated as intercrop and is highly remunerative with
firm buyback arrangement from corporates
Aromatic - Grow Citronella
Ideal condition for cultivation
Highly remunerative and farmers already engaged in the
crop
Flower 2nd in
Production
High amount of production in the existing regions
High demand for traditional flowers, which is also being
propagated by the Horticulture department
Training in cultivation and post harvest required
Market development activities have already been taken
up to tap the export potential
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Distribution of the selected crops in different districts for area expansion and post
harvest intervention is shown in Exhibit 5.B
Exhibit 5.BExhibit 5.BExhibit 5.BExhibit 5.B
Sl No Name of District Mango Banana Pomegranate Grapes Pineapple Ginger Pepper Cashew Cocoa Aromatics Flowers Total
1 Bangalore(U)
2 Bangalore (R )
3 Kolar
4 Tumkur
5 Chitradurga
6 Shimoga
7 Davanagere
8 Mysore
9 Chamarajnagar
10 Mandya
11 Kadagu
12 Hassan
13 Chikmagalur
14 DakshinaKannada
15 Udupi
16 Belgaum
17 Dharwad
18 Haveri
19 Gadag
20 Uttara Kannada
21 Bijapur
22 Bagalkot
23 Bellary
24 Raichur
25 Koppal
26 Gulbarga
27 Bidar
The Karnataka Government has sought intervention assistance for 11 crops covering 13
districts in the State.
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Chapter 6Chapter 6Chapter 6Chapter 6
Prioritization of Crop Clusters in KarnatakaPrioritization of Crop Clusters in KarnatakaPrioritization of Crop Clusters in KarnatakaPrioritization of Crop Clusters in Karnataka
Some of the selected crop clusters with in the selected range of crops are identified as
follows
1. Mango Cluster: Mango is an important fruit crop of Karnataka, this crop is cultivated
through out the State and the state has production advantages in standard and
regional varieties which can be taken up in the export basket. The identified regions
for area expansion for thrust in the program are Bangalore Urban and Rural, Kolar
and Tumkur districts, to target production of export quality mangoes. The focus
varieties are Alphanso, Beneshan, Raspuri for table purpose and Totapuri as
processing variety.
2. Pomegranate Cluster: Karnataka has achieved the number one position in exports of
pomegranate from the country. This export quantity comes from a concentrated 100
acres belt in the state. The effort is to replicate this program in other parts of the
state. The identified areas for intervention are Tumkur and Chitradurga and the
varieties selected for cultivation are Bhagwa, Kesar and Ruby Red.
3. Cashew Cluster: Karnataka has the highest processing capacity of cashew nut in the
country. However there is not enough production to meet the demand of the
processing industry. Also the existing plantation is average 40 years old and the
yields have reduced drastically. Entire south Karnataka belt cultivates cashew nut.
For intervention in cashew cultivation districts of Udipi, South Kanada, Uttar Kanada
and Kolar is selected. The varieties to be taken up for cultivation are Ullal series and
Chintamani.
4. Cocoa Cluster: Karnataka is one of the three states in the country where is cocoa is
cultivated. The crop has a high demand from the confectionery manufacturers as
50% of the countries requirement is still met through imports from the African
countries. Presently there is a firm buyback arrangement of the producers with
Cadbury and Campco. The crop is cultivated in the southern and the eastern districts
of the state. The districts selected for intervention are Udipi, south Kanada, Kodagu,
Dakshin Kanada and Shimoga, the varieties are Hybrids between Creollo and
Forrestor.
5. Floriculture Cluster: Karnataka is the number one in floriculture production in the
country. There is a high potential to strengthen the export position in case of cut
flowers. The state has also promoted traditional flowers like jasmine, marigold,
hibiscus, tube roses, where there is a high local demand. The state supplies flowers
to the southern and the western market in India and also to export destinations of
EU and Japan. The districts for intervention are Bangalore Urban & Rural, Shimoga,
Mysore, Kodagu, Udipi and South Kanada.
Details of the clusters and requisite facilities under NHM program is furnished in
Annexure II.
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Chapter 7Chapter 7Chapter 7Chapter 7
NHM Action Plan for 2005NHM Action Plan for 2005NHM Action Plan for 2005NHM Action Plan for 2005----06 for Karnataka06 for Karnataka06 for Karnataka06 for Karnataka
7.1.7.1.7.1.7.1. Production of planting materials Production of planting materials Production of planting materials Production of planting materials
The quality of planting material decides the success of plantations. This will be met out
through model nurseries of both private and public sectors and also through small
nurseries of private and public sector which are well distributed and situated close to
the farming community.
7.1.A. 7.1.A. 7.1.A. 7.1.A. Model Nursery (Public SectorModel Nursery (Public SectorModel Nursery (Public SectorModel Nursery (Public Sector: State Farms: State Farms: State Farms: State Farms))))
Karnataka state department of horticulture is endowed with vast network of farms
through out the length and breadth of state and have been established very long back.
Under the National Horticulture Mission programme 39 farms are selected based on the
requirement and location. When the area expansion is taken up, the facilities available
for production of planting material will become insufficient. The funds allocated will be
used for rejuvenation of water facilities and to equip with modern green house, net
house to meet the extra demand created by the mission activities. Some of them will
have special facilities required for production of medicinal and aromatic plants and
some for floriculture. Out of them 27 will be used as model nurseries for production of
planting material for fruits. 4 of them will be developed exclusively for medicinal,
aromatic plants and 8 no. for floriculture.
7.1.B. 7.1.B. 7.1.B. 7.1.B. Spawn production Spawn production Spawn production Spawn production
The production of spawn required for cultivation of mushrooms will be taken up on
continuous basis at the Departmental spawn production units. The operational cost for
production of 1.0 lakh spawn bottles per year @ a cost of Rs.10/bottle will be met out
under this component. Further 2 spawn production units at Gulbarga and Mysore is
proposed for joint operationilization with Mushroom Growers Associations. One unit in
the public sector for span production has been taken up.
7.1.C. 7.1.C. 7.1.C. 7.1.C. Small nursery (Public Sector) Small nursery (Public Sector) Small nursery (Public Sector) Small nursery (Public Sector)
Department of Horticulture has also established large number of small nurseries in
different agro climatic conditions. Many of them are located in taluk centres which are
also serving as production centres for supply of planting material required by farmer.
About 54 nurseries will be equipped at the cost of Rs. 162 lakhs which will meet the
demand of plants required for area expansion during 2005-06.
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7.1.D. 7.1.D. 7.1.D. 7.1.D. MoMoMoModel Nursery (Private Sector)del Nursery (Private Sector)del Nursery (Private Sector)del Nursery (Private Sector)
To cater the needs of planting material encouragement will be given to develop model
nurseries under the private sector also. The private sector is gaining importance with
regard to raising of planting material required for area expansion. It is meeting 70% of
the demand. These nurseries will invest heavily on infrastructure and inputs by raising
loans from banks. It is contemplated to provide subsidy to private nurseries also in the
National Horticulture Mission. In this programme totally 10 private nursery assistance is
sought for fruit production. In addition 8 nurseries to produce materials required for
floriculture and 2 for cashew is proposed.
7.1.E. 7.1.E. 7.1.E. 7.1.E. Production of Cashew grafts: Production of Cashew grafts: Production of Cashew grafts: Production of Cashew grafts:
Under this programme it is proposed to produce cashew grafts of high yielding varieties
in Departmental Farms/Nurseries. Provision has been made for creation of infrastructure
such as polyhouse and shade net. An outlay of Rs.20.00 lakhs is earmarked for this
purpose during the first year (2005-06).
7.1.F. 7.1.F. 7.1.F. 7.1.F. Production and supply of planting material of Aromatic plants:Production and supply of planting material of Aromatic plants:Production and supply of planting material of Aromatic plants:Production and supply of planting material of Aromatic plants:
Production of medicinal and aromatic plants is dependent on availability of good
planting material. There is provision for 6 public sector and 6 private sector nursery to
cater to the aromatic plant material demand.
7.2. 7.2. 7.2. 7.2. Strengthening of existing tissue culture laboratories: Strengthening of existing tissue culture laboratories: Strengthening of existing tissue culture laboratories: Strengthening of existing tissue culture laboratories:
There are about 5 tissue culture laboratories under private sector engaged in
micropropagation of horticultural crops on a commercial scale. Many of these
laboratories are not equipped with facilities for disease indexing and identification of
somoclonal variations particularly for banana. Similarly about 10 Research &
Development centres under public sector are engaged in tissue culture related research
in the state. These laboratories need to be upgraded for undertaking research on a
comprehensive manner. Therefore, it is proposed to strengthen tissue culture
laboratories with respect to Research & Development facilities in both private and public
sectors, 2 units in the public sector and 3 in private sector.
7.2.A. 7.2.A. 7.2.A. 7.2.A. Production of tissue culture plants:Production of tissue culture plants:Production of tissue culture plants:Production of tissue culture plants:
Considering the demand for micropropagated plants, it is proposed to produce Tissue
Culture plants at Biotech centre, Hulimavu and Belgaum units of the Department of
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Horticulture of different horticultural plants. Assistance is sought to produce 1.6 million
plants.
7.2.B. 7.2.B. 7.2.B. 7.2.B. Plant hardening centers:Plant hardening centers:Plant hardening centers:Plant hardening centers: The state has proposed to set up plant hardening
centers, 5 in public sector and 4 in private sector.
7.2.C. 7.2.C. 7.2.C. 7.2.C. Black Pepper Propagation:Black Pepper Propagation:Black Pepper Propagation:Black Pepper Propagation:
Under this program rooted Pepper cuttings of the released varieties specific to different
agro climatic conditions will be produced in departmental farms and nursery as per the
norms of the Macro Mode Scheme for Integrated Development of Spices Crops. The total
financial target is Rs. 48.00 lakhs to establish a total of 16 Small nurseries @ Rs. 3.00
lakh per unit.
7.3. Establishment of New Garden7.3. Establishment of New Garden7.3. Establishment of New Garden7.3. Establishment of New Garden
7.3.A. 7.3.A. 7.3.A. 7.3.A. FruitsFruitsFruitsFruits
Under National Horticulture Mission it is proposed to create concentrated belts of
selected fruits in suitable areas in the state. The agro-climatic suitability, availability of
water, accessibility to market etc., is taken into consideration while formation of such
cluster. This cluster approach will be beneficial in organizing the input supplies,
supervision, procurement of produce, transport, marketing, export etc. Apart from the
traditional packets, potentially favorable area are also explored for the purpose of area
expansion of specific forms.
Exhibit 7.A. Area forExhibit 7.A. Area forExhibit 7.A. Area forExhibit 7.A. Area for Fruits Cultivation Fruits Cultivation Fruits Cultivation Fruits Cultivation
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7.3.B. 7.3.B. 7.3.B. 7.3.B. SpicesSpicesSpicesSpices
The productivity of spice crops is generally poor due to lack of availability of quality
planting material and adoption of traditional cultivation practices. Keeping this situation
in view, it is proposed to establish New Gardens of Ginger and Black Pepper through
Area Expansion Program, with 1500 hectares each in both crops. Ginger is one of the
major spice crops cultivated in the state. In order to make available sufficient quantities
of the ginger, it is necessary that production of high yielding varieties, like Suprabha,
Suruchi, Varadha etc., of ginger which are suited for different purposes. It is proposed to
encourage pepper cultivation in the arecanut, coconut and coffee gardens. Inputs like
planting material, Trichoderma, biofertilizers, neemcake etc., are proposed to be
provided as assistance for cultivation.
7.3.C. 7.3.C. 7.3.C. 7.3.C. AromaticAromaticAromaticAromatic plants plants plants plants
This programme will be implemented in two of the agro climatic zones of the state on a
cluster approach by involving medicinal and aromatic plant growers association,
industries and other public and private sector organizations. Area expansion of aromatic
crops is proposed for 700 hectares in the first year plan. Aromatic plants will be
Sl No Name of District Mango Banana Pomegranate Grapes Pineapple
1 Bangalore(U) 200
2 Bangalore (R ) 200 250
3 Kolar 200 250
4 Tumkur 200 500
5 Chitradurga 500
6 Shimoga 300 150
7 Davanagere
8 Mysore 300
9 Chamarajnagar 200
10 Mandya 200
11 Kadagu 250
12 Hassan
13 Chikmagalur
14 DakshinaKannada 250
15 Udupi
16 Belgaum
17 Dharwad
18 Haveri
19 Gadag
20 Uttara Kannada 150
21 Bijapur