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TNO Defence, Security and Safety
Knowledge for business
Lost in Ambient Intelligence
Jasper [email protected]+31 (0)346 356 264
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Introduction
• Who am I?
• What is CACTUS?
• Joint TU-Delft (EWI&IO) & TNO project
• Context Aware Communication, Terminal and User
• Ad-Hoc Networks
• Intelligent Terminals & Environments
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Experiment -Service Identification and Selection
• Problem: identifying and addressing services in large-scale ad-hoc environments.
• Compare two solutions: Ask Interface vs. Select Interface• which solution is:
• more effective• more efficient• more trustworthy• has a better user experience• creates better overall service awareness
• Outline: • Technical Environment• Experimental set-up• Results• Conclusion.
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Client - Ask Interface
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Client - Select Interface
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Technical EnvironmentHome
Office
Gallery
Control-room
Services
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Available Services
• Lighting • Video• Audio• Washing machine• Coffee machine• Email• Calendar• Route planner• Weather information• News• Information about paintings• Alarm handling
• Information about Painters• Heating• Curtains• Restaurant information• Shops• Painting Seller• Delivery service• Pizza ordering service• Squash/Fitness center• Timer• Movie recommender• etc.
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Test Leader - Main Console
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Ask-interface walkthroughUser
Control
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Select-interface walkthroughUser Control
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Experiment - outline & measurements
• Between subjects design (Female & Male balanced)
• Introduction• Generic Questionnaire• Locus of Control• Scenario/Tasks• Valence/Arousal (6 x during tasks)• Trust Questionnaire• Service Awareness Assessment• Usability Questionnaire
SAM - Valence
SAM - Arousal
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Experiment - participants
• N = 19 (8 Female, 11 Male)• Education = HBO+• Age = average 23 (min = 18 ; max = 28)• Internet experience: high• Computer experience: average• Mobile device experience: average
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Results (1) - Number of correct tasks
• Ask Interface (A) vs. Direct Control Interface (S)
cond; LS MeansCurrent effect: F(1, 15)=26.169, p=.00013
Effective hypothesis decompositionVertical bars denote 0.95 confidence intervals
A S
cond
18
19
20
21
22
23
24
25
26
27
28
29
30
TAS
K-C
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Results (2) - Number of correct tasks
• Female vs. Male
"V/M"; LS MeansCurrent effect: F(1, 15)=4.5842, p=.04910
Effective hypothesis decompositionVertical bars denote 0.95 confidence intervals
V M
V/M
20
21
22
23
24
25
26
27
28
TAS
K-C
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Results (3) - Number of correct tasks• A/DC * M/F
cond*"V/M"; LS MeansCurrent effect: F(1, 15)=4.8970, p=.04283
Effective hypothesis decompositionVertical bars denote 0.95 confidence intervals
V/MV V/MM
A S
cond
14
16
18
20
22
24
26
28
30
32
TAS
K-C
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Results (4) - total time
cond*"V/M"; LS MeansCurrent effect: F(1, 15)=.68988, p=.41923
Effective hypothesis decompositionVertical bars denote 0.95 confidence intervals
V/MV V/MM
A S
cond
85
90
95
100
105
110
115
120
125
130
135
140
TAS
K-T
"V/M"; LS MeansCurrent effect: F(1, 15)=.02822, p=.86883
Effective hypothesis decompositionVertical bars denote 0.95 confidence intervals
V M
V/M
95
100
105
110
115
120
125
130
TAS
K-T
cond; LS MeansCurrent effect: F(1, 15)=.68210, p=.42181
Effective hypothesis decompositionVertical bars denote 0.95 confidence intervals
A S
cond
95
100
105
110
115
120
125
130
TAS
K-T
Same trend, but no significant results.
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Results (5) - LOC & gender
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Results (6) - User Remarks
• You become dependent of the device• A good system for lazy people (+/-)• Lost in the structure (Select Interface)• Ordinary language use is nice, but current understanding is too
limited• No alternative solution (Ask Interface)• Device is not small enough• Quick (solution), slow (hard- & software)• Overkill for switching on the light• Not enough overall services (turn of all the appliances)
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Conclusion
• Ask interface in combination with context information (history, location, gaze) seems a valid solution.
• Select interface prevents a dead-lock situation.• A combination should contain an ask-interface for general use
and a select interface component for dead-lock situations.• Context-Awareness proves to be a difficult concept in practice.• Service Awareness remains limited to the used services.